Obstacles to Problem Solving by Brad Bohn

Nathan Pham

2018-12-06 16:23:46 UTC

-Clinging to one's conceptions even after the basis of which they were formed was discredited
-The public wanted to believe that there was a conspiracy between the assassination of JFK and Oswald and Oswald's murderer. The CIA and FBI could not find any evidence but people still believe that there is a conspiracy.

Shubh Khandhadia

2018-12-06 16:23:55 UTC

1. When a person's confidence in their subjective judgement is greater than the accuracy of their objective judgement.
2. When a person takes a test really fast and thinks they get a good grade but in reality they didn't do well at all.
3.

Alexis Fox

2018-12-06 16:24:13 UTC

the tendency to find supporting information that confirms your personal beliefs
ex) During elections, supporters of a certain candidate will find positive information about their campaign to cast them in a positive light, however will only find negative information about the opposing candidate to cast them in a negative light

2018-12-06 16:24:27 UTC

Clinging to initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed
Ex: Global Warming, people don't believe that global warming exsists and will affect them. People are under the impression that the gradual heating up of the earth affects a select amount of people and that group of people excludes them.

Sabrina Chen

2018-12-06 16:24:50 UTC

1. Someone's tendency to be more confident than correct.
2. Example: A person goes out to party instead of studying for the SAT thinking they will get a high score, then fail it after taking it.

Alyssa Carman

alyssac1840 — 2018-12-06 16:25:02 UTC

the tendency to find and interpret information as confirming one's existing beliefs
ex: believing that left handed people are more creative than right handed people and only finding evidence that shows creative left-handed people

Bailey I.

baileyi2060 — 2018-12-06 16:25:05 UTC

The tendency to be more confident that correct.

Someone thinks that know the directions to a store but gets lost on the way because they won't use their phone.

Erica Lee

2018-12-06 16:25:12 UTC

1.The framing effect is an example of cognitive bias, in which people react to a particular choice in different ways depending on how it is presented.
2.When a company advertises their sale by wording it differently. For example, "Buy three, get three free!"

Lizzy Burnettt

2018-12-06 16:25:18 UTC

1. When a person continues to cling onto a belief, even if that certain belief has been discredited.
2. Regardless of the facts, people still will find a way to not believe in global warming, or climate change.
3.

Brian Vu

2018-12-06 16:25:23 UTC

Functional Fixedness is the tendency to use an object the way it is supposed to be used. For example, water bottles are meant to be drank out of and not flipped.

Khalil Khader

2018-12-06 16:25:28 UTC

Definition: a cognitive bias that limits a person to use an object only in the way it is traditionally used.
Example: A pen and pencil is usually used to write with, but it can be used for much more.

Connor Tefft

connort2728 — 2018-12-06 16:25:36 UTC

Mindset is extremely important to your success. The way you think about a problem will often determine whether or not you get the success. For example, I am able to rock climb better if I am calm and confident.

Diana Campos

2018-12-06 16:25:43 UTC

Mental State: tendency to approach problems in particular way

Ex: Trying to solve a problem with your sibling by ignoring them, because that works with other friends.

Natalie Woo

2018-12-06 16:25:47 UTC

1. A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, especially if it has worked in the past
2. Attempting to mediate a fight between you and your friend by talking to them because it has worked when going about similar social drama.
3.

Aanika Amlani

aanikaa0035 — 2018-12-06 16:25:49 UTC

To overestimate the accuracy of our judgement

example: when you are planning out how long your homework will take and overestimate how long it will take. You think you can finish it faster than you actually can.

Noelle Chow

2018-12-06 16:25:56 UTC

> overconfidence: one's tendency to be more confident than correct; overestimating the accuracy of one's belief's/judgments

> example: In one study, 93% of U.S. students estimated themselves to be "above average" drivers. This is impossible because it suggests that almost everyone is "above average"; in fact, the idea of average is that 50% of people should be "above average" and 50% should be "below average." (Psychology Today)

Emilie Minassian

2018-12-06 16:25:57 UTC

functional fixedness: tendency to think of things in terms of their normally intended functions
example: cellphones cameras are used to take pictures and videos but some people use them as mirrors.

Trinity V.

2018-12-06 16:25:58 UTC

- The tendency of for one to be more confident than correct and to overestimate the accuracy of their judgement.
- Example: Someone thinks that their essay will only take 2 hours so they start it the day before, but it ends up taking much longer causing them to stay up late.

Grayson Yada

2018-12-06 16:26:00 UTC

When a decision is affected based on how the issue is framed.

Example:
When companies add words like "vegan" or "gluten-free" to products in order to try an appeal to more buyers and affect the buyer's decision.

Jamie Vargas

2018-12-06 16:26:05 UTC

Overconfidence is a tendency for one to be more confident than correct.
Example: feeling more than confident when it comes to a test that they decide not to study because they felt like they knew it all. However, when they receive their scores they realize that they could've studied to ensured the learned content.

Nicia Rango

2018-12-06 16:26:10 UTC

1 . Definition : The way an issue is presented to you . has drastic effects on your decisions and judgments .
2 . Example : buy 1 get 1 free . Even though you're getting one item free, you're still paying full price for the first item.
3.

Miranda Powers

2018-12-06 16:26:29 UTC

1. The way an issue is posed
2. Example: Glass is half- full. Glass is half- empty.
3.

Talia Koblin

2018-12-06 16:26:45 UTC

Functional Fixedness: a tendency to see objects as only working in a particular way
1. You have two candles, numerous thumbtacks, and a box of matches. Using only these items, try to figure out how to mount the candles to a wall.
2. Many people use the thumbtacks to attach the candles to the wall.
3. Another way to do this is by using the matches, melt the bottom part of each candle and then use the hot wax to stick the candle to the match box. Once the candles are attached to the box, use the thumbtacks to stick the box to the wall.

Sean Lee

2018-12-06 16:26:46 UTC

-Overconfidence is the mindset of being more confident than accurate.
-An example is a bad driver that insists on going places without directions, and just ends up driving in circles to get to the location.

Jessica De La Luz

2018-12-06 16:26:51 UTC

definition: when someone still believes what they did even after there is evidence of opposite beliefs.
example 1: A men has gotten many tickets for getting out of his lane, driving too fast, and other things that indicate that he is not the best driver. Although there are obvious signs that he is not the best, he still genuinely believes that he is the best driver out there.
example 2: A women failed a culinary class so she believes that she is one of the worst cooks. She has made multiple dinners for her family and friends. They always tell her that she is a better cook than they are. Although there are many people who tell her that she is a great cook, she still believes that she is one of the worst.

Eshan Patel

2018-12-06 16:27:34 UTC

1. a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, especially if it has worked in the past
2. A child pulls on a door to open it. The next time he sees a door that is similar to the first one, he tries to open it by pulling it, however to open this door he has to push it.
3.

Deeyana Roshanzaer

2018-12-06 16:27:44 UTC

Definition: This is the inability to view a problem from a different perspective from your current one, and it interferes with our problem-solving capabilities.
Example: When you're working on a math problem, sometimes you get stuck, and you can't figure out how to solve it. You keep approaching it from the same way, and you are unable to figure it out until your friend shows you the solution.

Brodie Bartelt

brodieb2088 — 2018-12-06 16:27:50 UTC

1.clinging to your initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
2. An example is a person who has been in multiple car accidents in a single month but still believes they are an excellent driver
3.

Cassidy Hilmar

2018-12-06 16:28:02 UTC

Definition: Clinging to one’s initial beliefs even after the basis upon which they were formed has been discredited.
Example: People used to believe that vaccines harmed people, and could actually cause autism in children, thus being more harmful than beneficial. However this has been discredited, proven by multiple experiments and studies that vaccinations DO NOT increase risk of autism. However, even today, there is a huge group of people who are anti-vaccination and refuse to vaccinate their children. This causes many possible disease threats.

Albert Ngo

2018-12-06 16:28:15 UTC

1. the inability to see a problem from a new perspective
2. Some students these days tend to rely on cookie-cutter equations and formulas to solve a math problem rather than finding more efficient ways to solve the problem.

2018-12-06 16:28:16 UTC

Image result for mental set

Luke Dutta

2018-12-06 16:28:20 UTC

1. A cognitive bias that limits a person to only use an object for its intended function.
2. Playing cards are normally only used to play games, but some people can throw them with accuracy, making them projectiles.

Alexis Legator

2018-12-06 16:28:26 UTC

1. Tendency to cling to your initial conception after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
2. An example would be the aids epidemic which allowed lots of people to go on believing it was only happening to gay people even though science proved it could happen to anyone.

Abby Williams

2018-12-06 16:28:28 UTC

A tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions
Example: A reporter who is writing an article on an important issue
may only interview experts that support her or his views on the
issue.

Anushka Deshpande

2018-12-06 16:28:35 UTC

Definition: inability to see a problem from a perspective that is different from yours.
Example: When driving, you might take one specific route while your friend knows a more efficient and fast route.

Danielle Balete

2018-12-06 16:32:37 UTC

Definition: The tendency for ones preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning and faulty conclusions.
Example: Atheists will reject any information that contravenes their belief system

Bella Gil

2018-12-06 16:40:36 UTC

Definition: Tendency for one’s preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning
Example: Someone believes lucky pennies will make their day better, and they find one on the ground in the morning. Through the day they spill soup on their pants, someone splashes them with water when driving past them, and they trip and scrape their elbow. At dinner, they get a free dessert. Their friend tells them the penny is not lucky, but the person continues to think it is because they got their free dessert.

Kelly Chung

2018-12-06 17:22:17 UTC

Definition: The inability to see a problem from a new perspective
Example: If your family has always traveled during the Thanksgiving break, not meeting up the extended family, then you might continue traveling on Thanksgiving break, not even thinking that you can do something else on Thanksgiving (like family gathering or something) even when you are separated from your parents.

Kabir Sivjee

2018-12-06 17:22:25 UTC

1) definiton - the tendency to be more confident than correct.

Example - When someone who's been in a lot of bar fights picks a fight with a professional boxer and gets destroyed.

Tristan Vu

2018-12-06 17:22:58 UTC

Framing: the way an issue is presented and how it affects your approach to it
Running a mile:
2,000 steps
5280 ft
4 laps around the track

Patrick Cruz

patrickc3657 — 2018-12-06 17:23:30 UTC

Definition- Clinging to your initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredit

Example: People believe in how the Earth is flat despite definite evidence that show the shape of the Earth as round.

Gabriella Brandt

gabriellab4141 — 2018-12-06 17:23:34 UTC

Definition: the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect judgement and decisions
Example: "Illegal alien" vs. "Undocumented immigrant"

Maya Wallace

mayaw0881 — 2018-12-06 17:23:39 UTC

Definition: a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, oftentimes in a way that has been successful in the past

Example: Trying to give your friends a dog treat to do tricks because it works with your dog.

Carolyn Pham

2018-12-06 17:23:53 UTC

a cognitive bias that limits a person to use an object only in the way it is traditionally used.

ex) instead of trashing away corkscrews from wine bottles, they can also be used to make shower mat.

Mason Colline

2018-12-06 17:23:59 UTC

Definition - the tendency for one to cling to their initial belief or concept even after it has been disproved or discredited
Example - Many people still believe in Scientology even though the creator has said himself that it was supposed to be a science fiction novel rather than a religion

Jackie Corza

2018-12-06 17:24:09 UTC

Definition: the tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to intervene with logical rationality
Example: Believing strongly that taking a spoonful for honey will accelerate the recovery process from a cold.

Belief Bias: Valentina Bustos

2018-12-06 17:24:17 UTC

meaning: the tendency for someones preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning.

Example: eating and swimming right after is bad for you and you shouldnt do it, when in reality, it does not harm you at all.

Shelby Van Raes

2018-12-06 17:24:28 UTC

definition- the person's subjective confidence in his or her judgments is greater than the accuracy of those judgments
example- a person goes into an audition for a play and is sure they will get the role, however never gets a callback.

Jack Harney

2018-12-06 17:24:43 UTC

Definition- Clinging to your initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed
Example: A kid is getting low grades is many of his classes, he thinks that the teachers are giving him low grades on purpose. When in reality he needs to study more.

Austin Yu

2018-12-06 17:24:54 UTC

Definition: The tendency to be more confident than correct.
Example: A college basketball player goes into the NBA Draft and thinks he will be drafted in the lottery (picks 1-14) based on his thoughts of his college performance. However, he goes undrafted.

Belief Bias: AJ Hauck

2018-12-06 17:25:00 UTC

Definition: The tendency for ones preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning and faulty conclusions.
Example: A kid is walking through a huge field filled with lots of trees and bushes while it is raining. He trips on a rock, falls down, and cuts his knee. as he gets up he spots a four leaf clover right where he fell. Then a rainbow appears out of nowhere, it stops raining, and a ice cream truck gives him free ice cream. The kid is told by his mom that clovers dont bring luck but he continues to think that they do.

Sej Cho

2018-12-06 17:25:24 UTC

Tendency to use objects a different way than its intended purpose.
1) Using backpack as a pillow to- sleep in class.

Xaviera Pons

xavierap4623 — 2018-12-06 17:25:53 UTC

The way an issue is posed can affect our judgment and decisions

When teachers tell their students they have "an opportunity for greatness tomorrow" instead of saying their students "have a test a tomorrow."

Carter Colline

2018-12-06 17:26:02 UTC

Robel Legesse

2018-12-06 17:26:03 UTC

Definition: The tendency to be more confident than correct.
Example: Studying a lot for a test and thinking you'll do good so once you take the test you don't take much time on each question and end up getting a bad score.

Katherine Malloy

2018-12-06 17:26:09 UTC

Definition: clinging to your initial conceptions after the bias on which they were formed has been discredited
Example: people have stereotypes about teenagers

Mali Mokhtari

2018-12-06 17:26:48 UTC

definition- the tendency to be more confident than correct.
example- waiting until the day before to read the psychology modules thinking you know the information, but you end up failing

Isabelle Espinoza

2018-12-06 17:26:55 UTC

Definition: clinging to your initial belief although it has been discredited
Example: No matter what kind of sickness you have, if you use Vicks Vapo rub, you will get better.

Emily Nguyen

emilyn2322 — 2018-12-06 17:27:15 UTC

Definition: a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, especially if it has worked in the past
Example: sitting in the back of the class and sleeping and assuming you can do it for every class.

Cassidy Delacalzada

2018-12-06 17:27:27 UTC

Definition - The tendency to be more confident than correct.
Example - One person in a relationship taking advantage of the other thinking that, that one person won't leave because they "love the other too much". But in reality this pushes the other person away due to overconfidence.

Carter Colline

2018-12-06 17:28:14 UTC

A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, especially if it has worked in the past

Example: not studying for an exam because you received a good grade on the previous exam without studying.

Destiny Jones

2018-12-06 17:29:40 UTC

1) definition: the clinging to initial conceptions even after they have been discredited
2) example: believing in Santa Claus

Cassie Eng

2018-12-06 17:30:40 UTC

Framing is the way an andverisement or issue is posed.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjjzoLD3ovfAhVJGTQIHZWODfcQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Feconsultancy.com%2Fsix-brands-that-have-made-false-health-claims-in-advertising%2F&psig=AOvVaw1ySgTeIvhPeC0O60sbC8Ds&ust=1544203694942386

Alec Higgins

2018-12-06 18:21:57 UTC

Definition: the tendency to look for evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories.
Example: A person researching arguments in favor of eating meat may cherry pick articles that support their position whilst ignoring studies that contradict theirs.

Ambika Aggarwal

2018-12-06 18:22:10 UTC

A tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions.
Example: A person who holds a belief that left-handed people are more creative than right-handed people will place more importance on a left handed creative person as evidence.

Noelle Yanagawa

2018-12-06 18:22:10 UTC

Definition-

we cling to our conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

example- believing in the tooth fairy

Edward Jin

2018-12-06 18:22:14 UTC

Functional Fixedness is to only use something for its intended purpose. For example, paper is usually used to write with, and people who only use paper for this purpose have functional fixedness. On the other hand, paper can be actually used for many other purposes, such as paper airplanes and paper mache.

Syreeta Khan

2018-12-06 18:22:15 UTC

- definition: tendency to search for information that confirms
- example: the fact that people decide not to believe in global warming and will look for support from certain websites and discredit the scientific evidence presented.

Valerie Acosta

2018-12-06 18:22:15 UTC

Definition: maintaining a belief despite new information that firms contradicts it
Example - When people believe in the tooth fairy even though their parents admit they put money under their pillow.

Sarah Higashi

2018-12-06 18:22:23 UTC

Definition: The tendency to be more confident than correct
Example: Not doing your homework because your teacher rarely checks homework.

Jocelyn Nguyen

2018-12-06 18:22:47 UTC

1. Framing: the way an issue is presented
2. Example: A Doctor says that 90% of patients will survive after a surgery and another says that only 10% will die. The effect of these two statements are different when they are received.

Annette Park

2018-12-06 18:22:59 UTC

Definition: The tendency for one's preexisting belief to distort logical reasoning
Example: Some people believe that adding salt to water will help the water to boil faster. Salt can make a difference, but it would take a lot more salt than most people put in.

Claire Park

2018-12-06 18:23:21 UTC

1. The tendency to be more confident than correct
2. On/off relationships, people who are in these have the confidence that each time they get back together they will stay together, and whenever they break up they will stay broken up. This is overconfidence as they always end up getting back together and breaking up over and over again.
3.

Sarah Thoerner

saraht0864 — 2018-12-06 18:23:25 UTC

Definition: the tendency to be more confident than correct
Example: playing Kahoot and choosing an answer really fast thinking you got it right, but actually getting it wrong

Jake Lee

kyungchanl2271 — 2018-12-06 18:23:37 UTC

Definition: Believing in previous information despite all the evidence that goes against the belief.
Example: A person born from the 50s still believes that smoking does not have detrimental effects to one's health despite all the evidence that goes against it.

Mia Kuneshita-Dowzall

2018-12-06 18:23:45 UTC

Definition: the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions
Example: using a hair straightener to iron wrinkly clothes.

Angelica Peek

2018-12-06 18:23:46 UTC

Clinging on to your initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.

Example: Many people still say that Pluto is a planet even though it has been reclassified as a dwarf planet.

Joshua Hong

joshuah0791 — 2018-12-06 18:23:51 UTC

Definition: Overconfidence is the tendency to be more confident than correct
Example: Not studying for a test because your heard it's easy and you always get good grades.

Lauren Trankiem

2018-12-06 18:23:51 UTC

the tendency for one’s preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning; causes someone to make invalid conclusions valid or vice versa

Example: A Beckman student is set on going to some esteemed university (UCLA, Stanford, Harvard) because they believe that community colleges are beneath them. However, after college admission decisions are released and a financial struggle arises, the student must at first fails to recognize the value of staying local to attend a community college or UCI instead of following the initial path they had planned to pursue.

Peter Ho

peterho92705 — 2018-12-06 18:23:58 UTC

1. Framing is the way a problem is presented to someone.

2. When presented a case to solve and a detective receives information on a suspect bumping into the victim vs assaulting the victim. Both lead to different perceptions on the suspect and whether to approach the case by looking at the suspect or following a different lead.

3.

Tyler Payton

2018-12-06 18:24:34 UTC

Definition: the tendency to think of using objects and devices for only their intended functions.

Example: Paperclips are supposed to be used for holding paper, however they may also be used for unlocking doors by inserting them into keyholes and lock picking.

Mira Patel

2018-12-06 18:24:41 UTC

Definition:
Belief bias is the tendency to judge the strength of arguments based on the plausibility of their conclusion rather than how strongly they support that conclusion.

A person grows up thinking that they should never open an umbrella indoors. So, even though there is no evidence suggesting that is true, they might refuse to ever open an umbrella indoors.

Genaro Ruiz

2018-12-06 18:24:53 UTC

Definition: the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions
Example: using power extension cables as a rope to tie up something/someone.

Mental Set

justinem0849 — 2018-12-06 18:24:58 UTC

Mental set is when we approach problems in ways that worked in the past. If you argued your B+ into an A last semester, you might try the same thing on a new teacher.

Nicole Pajar

2018-12-06 18:25:04 UTC

Ex: *Buy frozen yogurt from the nearest grocery store* Sees two exact same froyo labeled differently*

Kellie Glenn

2018-12-06 18:25:11 UTC

Definition: To only use something for it's intended purpose.
Example: A homer is typically used in construction situations although some may use it as a paperweight.

Rachel Han

2018-12-06 18:25:26 UTC

Definition: The overconfidence effect is a well-established bias in which a person's subjective confidence in his or her judgements is reliably greater than the objective accuracy of those judgements, especially when confidence is relatively high.

Example: A person who thinks their sense of direction is much better than it actually is. Someone who is determined that they will be able to achiever their goal despise the danger they put themself into.

Bridget Sun

2018-12-06 18:25:55 UTC

Confirmation bias is the

tendency to seek out and favor evidence verifying our ideas than evidence refuting them.
For example, a doctor who suspects a patient has a certain disease will frame questions in a way that will get answers confirming the diagnosis. At the same time they will overlook evidence that will disconfirm the diagnosis.

Vivek Kakar

2018-12-06 18:25:58 UTC

DEF: confining research to one's opinion and point of view and ignoring anything otherwise

EX: This article about H.W. Bush's death that focuses on the effect of the funeral on Trump, an irrelevant figure when it comes to the death of the 41st President.

https://www.foxnews.com/politics/media-elevate-bush-in-death-use-his-passing-to-denigrate-trump

David Lagunas

2018-12-06 18:26:42 UTC

Definition: An obsessive interest or in or feeling about something.
Example: Global Warming skeptics still believe scientists are out to make money even though the amount of evidence is overwhelming.
Image:

Trevor Grubb

trevorg1817 — 2018-12-06 18:27:00 UTC

Tendency to approach a problem a certain way especially after this approach has already worked

Example: When laptop mouse stops working, hitting the laptop seems to help the touch-pad to work, so now, sometimes when things don't work I hit them, often breaking them much more

Jeffrey Yang

2018-12-06 18:27:05 UTC

Definition:
A person's subjective bias in their own judgements is believed to be more reliable than the objective accuracy of those judgements.

Example:

Justine Murray

justinem0849 — 2018-12-06 18:27:28 UTC

We tend to approach things the way we have in the past. If we argued a B+ into an A last semester, we might try the same thing with a new teacher.

Michael Ho

2018-12-06 18:27:39 UTC

Framing: the way an issue is posed; framing can affect the subject's decisions and judgement

Example: In the last election cycle, Prop 6 was referred to in the media (left and right) as the "gas tax". The ballot initiative itself states:

ELIMINATES CERTAIN ROAD REPAIR AND TRANSPORTATION FUNDING. REQUIRES CERTAIN FUEL TAXES AND VEHICLE FEES BE APPROVED BY THE ELECTORATE. INITIATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT.

Each way the proposition is worded can affect voter decisions on its utility.

Sean Bautista

2018-12-06 18:27:41 UTC

tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions
- only eating avocados as guacamole, and not thinking about ingesting it as a smoothie

Tatum Bachmeier

2018-12-06 18:30:18 UTC

definition: a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

ex: a person writing an essay chooses to only to include information that supports his/her beliefs and fails to include information that goes against their beliefs.

Emily Adamson

2018-12-06 20:03:39 UTC

Definition: The tendency to be more confident in your abilities than you actually are.

Example: Thinking you can play the guitar with no practice because you have played completely different instruments well in the past.

Elisa Noh

2018-12-06 20:03:46 UTC

Definition: People's tendency to think that they can do better than they actually do. Overconfidence is usually a result of overestimating oneself.

Example: When people believe that if they were ask someone to a dance (without consulting them or their friends about it), their invitation would automatically get accepted.

Jameson Geurts

2018-12-06 20:03:49 UTC

confirmation bias: tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions (looking for things that support our opinion)
example: Jimmy believes in mermaids and Bigfoot so he only wants documentaries that show support for their existence.

Tara Sun

2018-12-06 20:03:55 UTC

Definition: the tendency to search for information that supports people's preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.
Example:
When students are having a debate, they tend search for the evidences that only support their topics, and avoid examining the other perspective.

Jenna Fox

2018-12-06 20:03:55 UTC

The tendency to be more confident than correct; to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements
ex: You think you will do good on a test because you feel like you know the information pretty well, but you fail it because you were overconfident and didn't study

Lauryn Mattson

2018-12-06 20:04:07 UTC

definition: the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories.
example: When in an argument with somebody, one tends to only present information to support their side and fails to mention more.

Blake BurdickOverconfidence

2018-12-06 20:04:08 UTC

the quality of being too confident; excessive confidence

Examples: People could have no idea about basketball and still think the worst team im the league won the finals because that’s what their best friend or mom told them in the past

Dylan S

2018-12-06 20:04:13 UTC

1.) Framing: is complementary to cognitive bias, in which people react to a choice in different ways depending on how it is presented.
2.) "the glass is half full"
"the glass is half empty"

Dylan Thoerner

2018-12-06 20:04:22 UTC

Def: clinging to initial conceptions after basis on which they were formed has been discredited
Example: People still argue Kobe is the best basketball player ever, even if the stats prove otherwise. If people like the Lakers or watched Kobe play often, they would cling to this idea while disregarding the facts and stats of other players like Lebron or MJ

Bella Coats

2018-12-06 20:04:28 UTC

Definition: the tendency to be more confident than correct or to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements

Example: someone shooting a basketball could turn around to go back onto defense before the ball even gets close to the basket because they think it'll go in no matter what

Truman Hallstrom

2018-12-06 20:04:30 UTC

Framing
Definition: an example of cognitive bias, in which people react to a particular choice in different ways depending on how it is presented (as a loss or as a gain)
Example: When a catcher frames a pitch that is most likely a ball but moves his glove quickly enough to get a strike call by the umpire.

Alexa Dubin

2018-12-06 20:04:35 UTC

Overconfidence- the tendency to be more confident in your own abilities than you are actually are.

Example- When you only apply to Harvard because you know you're gonna get in and then you don't.

Function Fixedness

2018-12-06 20:04:47 UTC

Definition: Ones tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions
Ex. As students we tend to only solve problem the way we were taught, not realizing there are probably 100 other ways to do it

Sameer Ghai

2018-12-06 20:04:50 UTC

Definition: the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories.

Example: Believing that global warming doesn't exist even though multiple studies have proven global warming/climate change.

Joshua Fox

2018-12-06 20:05:01 UTC

Framing is an effect in which people react to a particular choice in different ways depending on how it is presented.
For example: When you want to buy gas and the gas station closest to you is kind of expensive but you find another gas station with cheaper gas but further away, you might want to go to the farther gas station in order to save money on gas even though you are driving more to get there.

Kyana Garcia

2018-12-06 20:05:03 UTC

Definition: The inability to see a problem from a new perspective

Example: An argument between siblings occurs over a subject and even though the brother is clearly right the sister refuses to have an open mindset and view the problem from his perspective

Matthew Basilio

2018-12-06 20:05:10 UTC

Framing: The way something is presented and advertised to you can affect your judgement and decisions.
Example: Shopping for clothes, and buying things that are "Buy one Get one Free" and not buying something that is 50% off, when they are practically the same thing.

Marissa McKenzie

2018-12-06 20:05:13 UTC

the tendency to be more confident than correct

when you apply to very hard colleges expecting to get in easily, and get rejected

Easton Zhang

2018-12-06 20:05:22 UTC

inability to use a tool or device for a different purpose that what it was intended for. 
example: folding a hoodie into a pillow to sleep on.

Maddie Chang

2018-12-06 20:05:25 UTC

Definition: The way an issue is presented has drastic effects on your decisions and judgement

Ex.) Coke has a diet soda that contains zero sugar. But while the product has no sugar it is still sweetened with artificial sweeteners.

Trent Lajoie

2018-12-06 20:05:26 UTC

Definition: tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories.

Example: Someone who is left leaning watches CNN to confirm what he or she believes.

Hannah Spector

2018-12-06 20:05:28 UTC

Definition: the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions
Example: Utilizing spoons to create something new and useful (a lamp

Noha Sakr

2018-12-06 20:05:29 UTC

Definition: Maintaining a belief even when confronted with factual evidence that contradicts it.
Example: Parents believing that the cold makes you sick even when shown scientific evidence that it doesn't. People believing that they got a math answer right even when shown the correct way to solve it. When somebody believes someone likes them even when they're constantly being rude to them.

Lauren Drysdale

2018-12-06 20:05:30 UTC

Fixation: Our tendency to approach a problem with the same perspective and the failure to consider different perspectives.
Example: When you receive a package in the mail,

Jocelyn Hill

2018-12-06 20:05:42 UTC

Framing is the way an issue is presented that can affect how we view it.

ex: GMOs are often advertised as full of harmful chemicals and discouraged in health communities that advocate "clean eating," when in reality many harmless foods prevalent in our daily lives have been genetically modified, such as bananas and corn

Ivana Rusich

2018-12-06 20:06:14 UTC

Definition: The inability to see a problem from different new perspective.
Example: Trying to solve the ZOTTF sequence with the same method repeatedly.

Michelle Jeliazkov

2018-12-06 20:06:23 UTC

Definition: the tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort one's logical reasoning that often leads to invalid conclusions.

Ex: Racism due to preexisting prejudices one is taught. Leads them to believe one race is superior to another even though it is illogical.

Shira Silver

2018-12-06 20:06:26 UTC

1. Our tendency to cling on to preexisting beliefs even after the basis on which they were formed is discredited.
2. A parent continues to believe their child is perfect and can do no wrong, even after multiple teachers and the administration have complained about the child's behavior.
3.

Kenna Julian

2018-12-06 20:06:57 UTC

Definition: the tendency to think of things in terms of their usual functions

Faith Ogawa

2018-12-06 20:07:13 UTC

Definition: the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories
Example: Students trying to defend their argument in a psych debate will look for evidence or case studies that will only support their side, and won't try to find a rebuttal that offers a different perspective.

Josh Gallardy

2018-12-06 20:07:29 UTC

1. The tendency to still believe a certain thing after they have been proved wrong
Ex) People believe that their favorite sports team is the best even when their record shows otherwise
ex)Religious people ignore scientific facts that could disprove their religion.

Xochilth Vazquez

2018-12-06 20:08:26 UTC

Definition: The tendency to be more confident than correct
Example: You look outside and it doesn't look like it will get really hot so you don't take water with you. Later on it gets hot and you don't have any water with you.
Picture:

Lauren Garabedian

2018-12-06 20:10:37 UTC

Definition: when people cling to their initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

Example: people do not get annual flu-shots because they believe it will make them sick since the strain is being introduced into the bloodstream even though sources and medical professionals say that getting a flu shot cannot cause the flu since it is made with a killed strain or one made of only a single gene.

Bethany Nguyen

2018-12-06 20:10:49 UTC

definition: a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions
example: someone having one political view, so only wanting to watch news from a source that agrees with those views

2018-12-06 20:13:38 UTC

Grace Cheechov

gracec2093 — 2018-12-06 20:59:07 UTC

definition: a tendency to search for information that confirms one's personal bias
example: only relying on a certain candidates website for information about their campaign during an election

Alexis Hernandez

alexish4214 — 2018-12-06 20:59:10 UTC

Definition: being unable to see something in a different perspective or from a different point of view
Example: solving math problems, if you don't get the right answer, you go over your work or redo it over and over, blind to the mistake you made until you finally realize what you did wrong

Samantha Lam

2018-12-06 20:59:11 UTC

Definition: The way a question or issue is phrased which affects our perspective.

Example: If one person says that the homes of 6 people survived . Another person said that 1/3 lost their home and 2/3 of them had their homes intact.

Image:

Melody Kim

2018-12-06 20:59:22 UTC

1. Definition: A tendency to be more confident than correct and to overestimate the accuracy of beliefs and judgments.
2. Example: When one is trying to get to a destination without any directions or a map to help them along the way. They refuse to get help even when they are lost.
3. Image

Grant Otto

2018-12-06 20:59:38 UTC

Definition: the inability to see a problem from a different new perspective
example: If I don't go to this college for this degree and graduate in this number of years etc. etc. my life will be ruined

Daniel Chiu

2018-12-06 20:59:47 UTC

Definition: an obsessive interest in or feeling about someone or something.
Example: When you are unable to see another argument and you always think you are right.

Tim Marchant

2018-12-06 21:00:23 UTC

Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person to use an object only in the way it is traditionally used. The concept of functional fixedness originated in Gestalt psychology, a movement in psychology that emphasizes holistic processing.

Ex) Sugar packet

Sophie Chatterton

2018-12-06 21:00:27 UTC

- Definition: the tendency to feel more confident than correct
- Example: When its cold outside one might think that they can handle the cold. When one is over confident, they underestimate their capabilities of keeping themselves warm and therefore become uncomfortable and regret their earlier decision.

Felicia Tan

2018-12-06 21:00:36 UTC

1) The tendency to be more confident than correct To overestimate the ability of your beliefs and judgements
2) For example, I began this year thinking that it. would be a piece of cake because I survived junior year and senior year should be easier than junior year but evidently I was wrong.

Preston Frank

2018-12-06 21:00:39 UTC

Definition: Focusing on one side of an argument to the point of being unable to see the other side

Example: Getting into a heated argument and being too focused on your side to realize you're in the wrong.

Devyn Patel

devynp0848 — 2018-12-06 21:00:40 UTC

1. Tendency to be more confident than correct. Overestimate the accuracy of your beliefs and judgements.
2. this year i was confident that i would get an A in pre calc, but after the first two months i learned that i became overconfident.
3.

Eliada Pelehrinis

2018-12-06 21:00:43 UTC

Definition: The tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes making invalid conclusions valid or vice versa.
Example: Some Professors wear ties. Some men wear ties. Some Professors are men.

Mia Allred

2018-12-06 21:00:44 UTC

Definition: clinging to your initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
Example: Many people believe that if you go outside in the cold without being dressed appropriately, you will get sick. Even though this can be disproven, they still believe it because their mothers told them that since a young age.

Kane Davidson

2018-12-06 21:00:57 UTC

The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions.

Example: A 5 year old using a marker as a sword to play with.

Bryce Chieu Chin

2018-12-06 21:01:07 UTC

Definition: The tendency to think of things while only considering their actual purpose.
Example: using the plastic piece from bread loafs to organize electrical cords

Athena Pelehrinis

athenap2325 — 2018-12-06 21:01:25 UTC

1. Having a higher sense of confidence in ourselves than needed, this also leads to a skewed judgment, or thinking.
2. An example would be people not trying hard in practice believe that the upcoming game will be easy then losing anyways

Andrew Nguyen

2018-12-06 21:02:08 UTC

Definition: The way an issue is posed that can have drastic effects on your decisions and judgement

Example: When a cup is half:
Positive: Half Full
Negative: Half empty

Hanna Kim

hannak1842 — 2018-12-06 21:02:32 UTC

Definition: The tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.
Example: Many people who don't believe in ghosts will purposely look for confirmation from other skeptics, yet if they see ghost evidence they will blame it on natural coincidences.

Mia Gonzalez

2018-12-06 21:02:44 UTC

Definition- when in an argument, only supporting your opinion with facts and ignoring the other persons facts and opinions
Example- when talking to a friend and discussing the topic of fruits and vegetables, one might say that a cucumber is a fruit and the other may say it is not. The one believing that is it a vegetable may not be opened to the fact that the internet says it is a fruit and not a vegetable.

Russell Wang

2018-12-06 21:03:19 UTC

Definition: Clinging to your initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
Example: Arguing your point even though clear evidence says that your argument is invalid.

Diego Mendoza

2018-12-06 21:03:37 UTC

1.Tendency to be more confident than correct. Overestimate the accuracy of your beliefs and judgement
2. We All know the story of the rabbit vs the turtle

Sarah Paik

2018-12-06 21:04:16 UTC

Definition: the tendency to think of things only in terms of their typical purpose
Example: Using an empty water bottle as a hair curler

Niki Eghbal

2018-12-06 21:04:30 UTC

Definition: The tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort one's logical reasoning that often leads to invalid conclusions.

Example: Thinking all girls are good with kids and being surprised when one isn't.

Rylan Cruz

2018-12-06 21:04:31 UTC

Definition: Tendency to approach a problem a particular way, especially if it has worked in the past.
Example: Hitting a TV remote that's not working on your hand until it works. This is an example of mental set because you have done it before and has worked.

Abby Steinmetz

2018-12-06 21:05:11 UTC

Confirmation bias is the tendency to find supporting information that confirms your person beliefs. My uncle thinks that vaccinations aren't good, so he found all these unreliable Facebook articles to support his case despite the fact that multiple board certified pediatricians told him otherwise. Now my cousin is vaccinated.

2018-12-06 21:06:42 UTC

Christina Kevorkov

2018-12-06 21:06:48 UTC

Definition: A well-established bias in which a person's confidence in their judgments are greater than its accuracy.
Example: Students tend to argue with their teachers about certain test questions and the answers to the questions, which may be inaccurate. Although the students attempt to defend their opinion about the questions, the teacher has more knowledge and understanding of the questions.

2018-12-06 21:08:09 UTC

Amjad Kanj

2018-12-06 22:23:13 UTC

Definition: it s the belief that someone is more confident than correct. It is when a person overestimates the accuracy of the judgments.

Example:
Amjad estimating the amount of time that is needed to finish the Psychology Unit and estimating to finish it the night before the test.

Joseph Avila

2018-12-06 22:24:18 UTC

Definition: A bias in which we don't think about using an object for something that is not its original use.
Example: Using yarn to make string light decor.

Ellen Wang

2018-12-06 22:24:20 UTC

1. the tendency to be more confident than correct
2. Students that procrastinate are overconfident in their ability to complete their work in one night.

Noha Khalaf

2018-12-06 22:24:27 UTC

Definition: Tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort to one's logical reasoning.
EX: One believing that flicking the sink water consistently will make it hotter faster.

Valeria Ross

2018-12-06 22:24:28 UTC

Mental Set

A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, especially if it has worked in the past

Example

When you lean to the left or right when you are playing a video game because the last time it helped you make a turn without crashing

Echo Tang

2018-12-06 22:26:37 UTC

Definition: The tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore contradictory evidence.
Example: There are still many people who call all Muslims terrorists because of seeing ISIS on the news despite terrorists being less than a fraction of the Muslim population. While they ignore all news of Muslim Americans doing great things in America, when any one news article involving a Muslim person comes out, they will automatically point to that to justify their illogical claim that all Muslims are terrorists.

Oscar Escobar

2018-12-06 22:26:42 UTC

Definition: being too confident in one’s ability to accomplish something or in how an event will turn out.

Example: Timmy is in class playing kahoot with his classmates. Timmy thinks he knows the answer to the question that just came up on the board. Timmy proceeds to blurt out “GREEN” when the answer was actually red. Timmy is embarrassed.

Sam Gouron

2018-12-06 22:27:05 UTC

Definition: a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions
Ex: If someone thinks that people with right hands are more intelligent compared to people with left hands, then they will look for evidence that shows right handed people do better on the SAT than left handed people

Rasheed Mirza

2018-12-06 22:27:24 UTC

Definition: the tendency to search for information that confirms one's personal bias

Example: Searching for research to only support your argument

Cassidy Tung

cassidyt1578 — 2018-12-06 22:28:29 UTC

Definition-- believing something with unwavering faith even when it has been proven to be incorrect.

Example: Someone believing that they are fat even if there is concrete proof that they are not, like from a doctor or other people around them.

Jacob Fano

2018-12-06 22:28:35 UTC

Definition: the tendency to ignore information that contradicts one's beliefs and actively seek out information that supports them. May also manifest as interpreting contradictory data s supportive.
Example: Believing the Earth is flat because you only accept sources that provide "evidence" it is and attempt to invalidate experiments that state otherwise.

Ramtin naghavi

2018-12-06 22:29:04 UTC

Definition: the tendency to judge the strength of the argument based on how we believe it and not matter how strongly they support it with the evidences.

example: someones belief based on how good is the person and does not matter of the what the person have had done .

Mental Set- katherine hanna

2018-12-06 22:29:40 UTC

1. Approaching problems in a certain way because your method worked in the past.
2. If you got away with not studying much for a test but still performed well... you will most likely try this again in the future.

Tiffany Tan

tiffanyt3808 — 2018-12-06 22:31:11 UTC

Fixation:

the inability to change perspective, even if employing a different mental set

Example:
When people are told that technology is bad as they can get addicted, they still continue to use technology as they only can see the pros of using technology as it is efficient for them.

Sergio Ortiz

2018-12-06 22:31:29 UTC

Clinging onto an initial conception after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.

Example: Thinking Neymar is a bad player because he flops.

Kyle Liu

2018-12-06 22:31:54 UTC

-The tendency to be more confidence than correct
- someone who's been in a lot of bar fights picking a fight with a professional boxer.

Aarushi Bhaskaran

2018-12-07 01:39:44 UTC

Definition: the tendency to approach a problem in a certain way, particularly if that method has worked for you before

Example: a parent using the same method to discipline their second child as they did with their first child - since this approach worked before, the parent has a mental set of how to solve this problem and therefore doesn't look for other solutions.

Metztli Mora

2018-12-07 02:56:40 UTC

tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions
ex. FOX News

Metztli Mora

2018-12-07 02:58:27 UTC

The tendency for one’s preexisting belief to distort logical reasoning
ex. Democrats like freedom of speech

Dictators are not Democrats

Dictators don’t like freedom of speech

Metztli Mora

2018-12-07 02:59:13 UTC

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective
ex. Teenagers not obeying their parents.

Metztli Mora

2018-12-07 03:00:36 UTC

The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions
ex. A paperclip

Metstli Mora

2018-12-07 03:01:48 UTC

A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way
ex. Nine dots

Metztli Mora

2018-12-07 03:02:12 UTC

The way an issue is posed
ex. Half-full and half-empty glass

Metztli Mora

2018-12-07 03:03:36 UTC

The tendency to be more confident than correct
ex. Studying for an hour the night before a test, finishing the test 20 mins early, and failing it.

Metztli Mora

2018-12-07 03:04:36 UTC

Clinging to your conceptions after the bias on which they were formed has been discredited
ex. Judging your own appearance

Lindsey Cho

2018-12-07 03:25:53 UTC

Definition: Tendency for one’s preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning
Example: Thinking that food is safe (and bacteria free) to eat after dropping if it's picked up within five seconds

Weedor Musa

weedorm1775 — 2018-12-07 03:39:12 UTC

Definition: clinging to your initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
ex: Members of the Jonestown cult made a public admission of their loyalty to Jim Jones by selling all their things and following him to Guyana. Even though they later experienced manipulation and abuse, they stayed to the point of committing mass suicide when he told them to do so.

Erika Corcoran

2018-12-07 05:22:27 UTC

Definition: The tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort their logical reasoning. This sometimes makes invalid conclusions valid or vice versa.
Example: Sally believes Santa is real because getting presents every year for being good makes her happy, when if she sat down and really thought about it, there is no possible way an overweight gentlemen with several reindeer can fly all over the world in one night.

Ryan Kirzner

2018-12-07 05:59:25 UTC

Definition: the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories.
Example: Having the belief that an old person is a bad driver, and seeing a bad driver that happens to be an old person, confirming that belief you had.

Grace Kwon

2018-12-07 07:19:39 UTC

Definition: the tendency to be more confident than correct
Example: Speeding up to make a yellow light but ends up running a red

Noelle Giese

2018-12-07 07:30:34 UTC

Definition: the tendency to be more confident than correct
Example: Thinking you can leap further than you actually can

Daniela Martinez

2018-12-07 16:06:51 UTC

The tendency to be more confident than correct-to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.

Example: When you take a test and you feel like it was easy, but you end up failing.

Nikki Kalhori

2018-12-07 17:33:09 UTC

Definition: the inability to see a problem from a new perspective

Example: You keep trying to open a door after you've unlocked it. You don't think about other ways to get inside your house to fix the lock from the inside out.

Shirley Han

2018-12-07 18:50:17 UTC

Definition: a type of cognitive bias that involves a tendency to see objects as only working in a particular way; the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions.
Example: using a makeup bag as a pencil pouch.