https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz en-us 2019-11-14 14:48:08 UTC 2023-02-18 08:40:38 UTC hello@padlet.com sdroessler https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/411524681 When we look at a situation, a problem, or an environment, we want to look at it from four different frames, or perspectives.  These frames are the four different avenues that leaders can use to make change in their schools.  Here are the four different types explained:]]> 2019-11-14 21:58:32 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/411524681 sdroessler https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412086745 When making change, leaders will use this approach to rearrange structures currently in place to be conducive to the new initiative.  

• Works like a Factory or Machine, straight-forward approach
• Plans and policies are in place
• Leaders emphasize goals, objectives, specialized roles, etc.
• Focus on data
• "Top-Down" Structure - Formal relationships are present within the structure
  • Everyone knows who their boss is and who needs to do what to accomplish goals

]]> 2019-11-15 22:08:02 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412086745 sdroessler https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412087118 When making decisions for change, these leaders will focus on personal perspectives.  They will support staff, listen to them, empower them, encourage professional development, etc. to meet the needs of the staff during change.

• Works like a family - people working together, varying relationships, etc.
• Focus is on skills, attitudes, teamwork and communications
• Goal is to "align the organizational and the human needs" (Ingle, 2013) because both are important. 
• Gatherings, participation, and discussions include everyone in the process of change.
• Communication is the exchange of information, needs, and feelings.

]]> 2019-11-15 22:09:25 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412087118 sdroessler https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412087616 These leaders use a political approach to change.  They often work with interest groups and work for change though compromise.

• Negotiations are common to get key players' buy-in to change
• Must work with the most powerful factions to get compromises made
• Work within the political environment to get buy-in and make decisions

]]> 2019-11-15 22:11:23 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412087616 sdroessler https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412087799 These leaders are your inspirational, excited, passionate leaders.  They will use their vision, or the end goal, to motivate staff for change.

• Culture of a school
• Rituals are used to

]]> 2019-11-15 22:12:05 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412087799 sdroessler https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412091452 Lee Bolman and Terry Deal were both working professors when they met.  Bolman taught at Harvard University and the University of Missouri-Kansas City and Deal taught at the University of Southern California's Rossier School of Education.  
The two met when they were assigned to be co-teachers of a class on organizations at Harvard.  While they had very different backgrounds and often butt heads, they created a partnership that would change the way people lead. The challenges they faced working together helped them develop their four frames. And now, the books they have written together have been translated and read all over the world to help leaders work with people more effectively.]]> 2019-11-15 22:27:39 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412091452 addisonj https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412395874 If school leaders habitually only focus on one frame, he/she risks being ineffective. Below lists the 4 frames and how they can be utilized and visible in schools.

1. Structural
Rules and procedures are necessary for the safety of students as well as the efficiency the school day is ran. This includes large items like fire drills and other evacuation plans, down to smaller items like ordering supplies for the school. The school works like a machine in which all parts need to function correctly.

This frame also focuses on goal setting. Districts can set building, individual, or team goals that could include instructional outcomes and professional goals. Student Learning Objectives (SLO) or Professional Practice Goal (PPG) are two examples how individuals are setting annual goals in schools.

Another important area in this frame is role clarification. Creating sub groups or team leaders is an example how a leader can use the structural frame to find success within his or her building.

2. Human Resources
In this frame, schools can be looked at as a community of people who need each other. Examples of this frame include providing professional development, focusing on the culture and climate, having strong communication, and building connections.

An effective leader is responsive to employee needs and understands that adult connections are prerequisites to taking care of children. This could mean doing staff activities outside of school where connections can be made and morale can be kept high.

Giving support to staff members with curriculum and behaviors are other ways to support this frame of leadership. Creating positions like instructional coaches or problem solving teams are ways to give additional support to teachers.

3. Political
In the political frame, leaders build power bases and strategically gain support in key areas. In schools, gaining the support of an adopted curriculum is where this frame could apply. This frame is most appropriate when there is conflicting views in which the leader attempts to bring everyone together. This frame is also seen with declining or scarce resources. This could be evident in challenges where schools are lacking support staff such as para professionals, specialists in mental health, or guidance counselors. Leaders using this frame are creative and develop reasonable compromises.

4. Symbolic
In this frame, leaders give staff direction and a vision. This could be evident in the district's vision and mission statement. Guiding staff using the collective commitments can help bring staff together by giving the ways the district will achieve its vision. Schools also use symbols like logos or mascots to give the school an identity. ]]> 2019-11-17 18:11:25 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412395874 sschle64900 https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412491737 Bolman and Deal created these four frames to create and promote change within an organization. The four frames are listed below with characteristics listed under each one. These characteristics represent each frame.

1. Structural
-strategy
-clarifying tasks and responsibilities
-setting goals
-creating systems

2. Human Resource
-focus on individual needs
-value in organization
-giving team members power to perform job

3. Political
-addressing conflict
-leaders show advocacy, networking, and negotiation skills

4. Symbolic
-aligning individual goals
-create sense of purpose
-leader has charismatic visionary, can excite and motivate individuals


]]> 2019-11-18 02:29:34 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412491737 acompa68910 https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412677662  *Each of the four frameworks have specific characteristics.  These characteristics work together to create an effective leadership model.  
1. Structural
*Rules are laid out for everyone to follow. 
*Goals are set to bring people together and drive community.
*Each person is given a role to follow.
*Structures are developed that fir into the environment and the technology being used. 
*Leaders in this framework need to be aware of structures they are setting, task they are handing out, the environment they are creating, and the technology they are using.

2. Human Resources
* This part of the framework focuses on the needs and skills of the team. 
*Relationships need to be established and a community of trust should be built.
*People should feel empowered.
*The challenge for Leaders is be aware of human needs and align organizational structures to fit them. 

3. Political
*Many of the characteristics of this framework are around power and competition. 
*This is where conflict comes into play and managing the conflict.  
*The challenge for leaders in this framework is developing an agenda and power base.

4. Symbolic
*The focus here is placed on creating meaning and culture.
*Rituals are set up to confirm values and provide bonding. 
* Development of shared values helps to resolve conflict. 
*The challenge for leaders here is to create faith, beauty, and meaning. 

]]> 2019-11-18 13:46:47 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412677662 acompa68910 https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412828619 2019-11-18 16:44:20 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412828619 acompa68910 https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412828982 2019-11-18 16:44:48 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412828982 acompa68910 https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412834312 2019-11-18 16:51:24 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412834312 acompa68910 https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412840584 2019-11-18 16:58:36 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412840584 sschle64900 https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412955898 2019-11-18 19:17:26 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412955898 sschle64900 https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412957456 2019-11-18 19:19:22 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/412957456 muelmich https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/415599047 Bolman and Deal created the four frames to affect positive change within organizations, but with these changes can also come challenges. The pros and cons of each frame are described below.]]> 2019-11-23 03:57:21 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/415599047 muelmich https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/415599317 Pros
The structural framework  clarifies roles and responsibilities so that people understand what they are responsible for.  Having processes in place helps efficiency to "get the job done."

Cons
When roles are split widely and tasks separated, it may become difficult to coordinate efficiently.  It may become easier to lose sight of the vision of the organization as a whole.  ]]> 2019-11-23 03:59:59 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/415599317 muelmich https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/415600011 Pros
This is related closely to the ideas laid out by Ken Robinson in Creative Schools (2015).  If schools can tailor education to the individuality of students, then their engagement will increase.  If Organizations tailor the system to the individuality of the people, then productivity and engagement may increase.  A good fit between the organization and the people benefits both parties in health and wealth.

Cons
Employees still need to "get the job done."  As with the structural frame, it is easy to lose sight of the organization's vision and purpose when the focus is on the people within the organization.  While it is important to show care and concern, care must be made for the whole system as well.]]> 2019-11-23 04:06:25 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/415600011 muelmich https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/415600767 Pros
When organizations are in need of change, the political frame can be the ticket.  Political leaders work through compromise to get to an end point that will seemingly benefit the organization.  This may also lead to creative solutions for the organization.

Cons
At times, the wrong person can be in power and move the organization in a negative direction or negatively impact the other aspects of the organization.  In other situations, power is too widely distributed, making it difficult to make timely, reasonable decisions.  Compromises may also become difficult due to the numerous people with power.]]> 2019-11-23 04:12:52 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/415600767 muelmich https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/415601621 Pros
People within the organization are motivated to move the company forward with a unified vision.  This can increase engagement.  The marketing that can be used with the rituals, ceremonies, logos or icons may also give the organization an advantage.

Cons
If the wrong person or group is playing their role ineffectively, then others become disengaged from the vision and story of the organization.  People may then play the wrong story when talking about the organization.  

]]> 2019-11-23 04:19:51 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/415601621 muelmich https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/415602305 2019-11-23 04:25:46 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/415602305 muelmich https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/415602613 2019-11-23 04:28:38 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/415602613 muelmich https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/415604576 The description of the 4 frames in this video start at 3:45.]]> 2019-11-23 04:47:06 UTC https://padlet.com/sdroessler/eviw92qfuwgz/wish/415604576