ATTITUDES: Does the students believe the adverse health effect of excessive energy drink consumption?

BEHAVIORS: Does the students control their intake of energy drink per day?

This questionnaire is reliable and valid.

Attitude：Do teenagers believe it is important to consume breakfast everyday?

Behavior: How often do teenagers take their breakfast per month?

This questionnaire is reliable and valid.

 

Knowledge: Does the student know how to read the nutrition labelling on the food product?

Attitudes: Does the student believe that it the important to read to nutrition labelling on the food product?

Behaviors: Does the student report frequent reading the nutrition labelling during purchasing the food products?

The questionnaire is reliable and valid.

 ATTITUDES: Does the student believe that frequent intake of caffeinated drinks can cause caffeine addiction?

 BEHAVIOR: Does the student control the caffeine intake per day?

This questionnaire is reliable and valid.

2. Attitudes – Does the students believe that there has different level of caffeine in different types of caffeinated beverages?

3. Behaviors – How frequent does the students consume the intake of caffeinated drink per week?

This questionnaire is reliable and valid

Attitude: Do the students believe that excess caffeine admissions have been related with many side effects?

Behavior: Do the students limit their caffeine consumption per day?

This questionnaire is reliable and valid. 

Attitude: Do students have awareness and consent about food labelling especially food product that contain sugar-sweetened? 

Behaviour: How often the students check the food labelling first to know the amount of sugar-sweetened when they are buying some food product? 

The questionnaire is reliable and valid.

 

   

Knowledge: Does university students aware and know how to read the nutritional labelling on the food or drinks that they bought?

Attitudes: Does university students know about the importance of reading and checking the nutritional labelling can affect their health?

Behavior: How frequent university students applied this reading and checking nutritional label when food or drinks purchasing? 

This questionnaire is reliable and valid.

Knowledge : Does the student able to understand the nutritional labelling on the food product.

Attitudes: Does the student reliaze the important to read out the nutritional labelling.

Behaviours : Does the student question about the nutritional labelling during purchasing the food products.

The  findings will  provide  evidence  for  developing  appropriate  educational  interventions  and  health  promotions  for  the  public,  thus  improving  the  understanding  and  knowledge  regarding  the  importance  of  vitamin  D  and  eventually  decreasing  the  risk  of  Vitamin  D  deficiency in Malaysia.

Knowledge: Does publics in Selangor know about benefits of vitamin D?

Attitude: Does publics in Selangor believe adequate intake of vitamin D decreasing risk of Vitamin D deficiency?

Behaviour: Does publics in Selangor monitor their vitamin D intake?

This questionnaire are reliable and valid.

 

Knowledge – Does the student know the inappropriate eating habits leads to overweight and obesity.

Attitude – Does the student believe that it is important to eat balanced diet?

Behavior – Does the student frequently practice consumed balanced diet? 

This questionnaire is reliable and valid.

1) Educate all the staff about the new written policy of breastfeeding.

2) Train the health staff in necessary skills needed in this new policy.

3) Create social awareness among all pregnant women on the benefits and management of breastfeeding.

4) Help mothers to initiate breastfeeding within half-hour of birth.

5) Demonstrate on how to breastfeed and maintain lactation.

6) Give the newborn infants only breastmilk unless it’s medically indicated. 

7) Practicing rooming.

8) Encourage breastfeeding on demand.

9) Give no artificial teats or pacifiers to breastfeeding infants.

10) Encourage the formation of breastfeeding support groups and refer mothers to them once they are discharged from the hospital or clinic.

Besides, another essential intervention is 1000 first day of life and it also known as a period starting from early pregnancy until the child reaches the age of two years. In this period, the proper health care is needed for the growth and health of the child to reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases. In order to achieve those goals of the program, pregnant women are required to maintain a hemoglobin level of at least 11gm% during pregnancy, should have an ideal weight gain and encouraged to breastfeed their children from birth to 6 months and continue until the age of 2 years. Hence, women after birth can be nourished and cared via this program.