Compilation by Magali GUYOT

🎯 KEY WORDS

magaliguyotfr — 2022-02-07 14:52:21 UTC

Since = Because
engaging/ enthralling/ gripping
Trust worthy
inspiring
tight-fisted
sarcastic
big-headed
A hidden-gem
feasible/ reliable
A drastic change
A severe impact ON
A widespread feeling
To envisage
To focus / to stick to the point
A passing fad
To hinge upon
All of which/whom
To lead to / to struggle with
To fulfill
Agenda-led
Issues / concerns/ pitfalls / hardships / a conflict
To put forward a solution
To put an end TO
To highlight
boundaries / borderline / treshold
assets= benefits, perks
To take the initiative
An overwhelming experience
An eye-opening experience
A convincing argument
To play devil's advocate
To have an axe to grind / to persuade / to biase
To be the mouthpiece for...
To have a preconception about sthg
To have second thoughts = to get cold feet
hazardous
down-to-earth
A worthwhile causes
To enhance
To capture / evoque
biohacking
to attend a conference
Tasks/ chores/ housework
masterminded by
To frown upon sth= to show disapproval
To boost= to improve
To harness= to control/ exploit
a co-founder
To be keen on
Wealth and poverty
To raise a family
To fend for yourself
To look up to = to admire
To weigh up the pros and cons
to assess the situation
To bear these points in mind
To be bent on (doing) sthg = to be determined
A mass rally in support of the strike.
To pose / ask / raise a question
To pose a risk
To address / answer / tackle / solve
People who ARE
A commitment
A highly sensitive information
A classified / confidential / privileged / information
A leaking information
To disclose / to reveal an information
To take out injunctions
A wake up call
A whistle-blower

NOUN PHRASES
determiner/ value / size / age / shape / colour / origin / material / compound / noun
An amazingly simple process

🔍 GENERAL OPINION

magaliguyotfr — 2022-02-07 15:04:55 UTC

As everybody knows...
The evidence shows that...
New evidence has recently come to light.
The perennial question of...
The real dilemma is...
It's vital to remember...
Other evidence suggests (music) can
It could be argued that
It is widely recognised
It has been proven that
It has also been suggested
As a rule,
As a result,
It has its roots in...
It stems from...
Consequently,
Be due to
Owing to the fact that
It doesn't take account of...
To be the key to
It's high time to
It seems slighly unnecessary
It make sense in light of the fact that
All things considered,...

👁‍🗨 PHRASES and specific vocabulary

magaliguyotfr — 2022-02-07 15:09:30 UTC

To paint a detailed picture of...
To make a major shift to
To succeed through sheer hard work
To lose appeal
It strikes a chord with
Within this framework...
To give the impression of
You probably ought to have asked
To be on track to surpass
To be at risk / stake to
The main goal of our proposal is
Strange as it may seem...
Whichever way you look at it...
Even if we had managed...
The answer to ... lies in
Whoever you are, you have the potential to impact society
...is easily misreported
To be in danger of misleading the public
If we are to survive to a catastrophe
If society were to collapse, ...
The activity can be stopped as long as the authorities take decisive action.
No matter how much it hurts the economy...
To put it bluntly, the media just create unrealistic expectations.
Only by looking back in ....are we able to ....?
One might think this is a major issue...
Would these problems have been avoided if there had been more support?
He'd rather be remembered for...
Having built a successful...
Not to mention all the other...
It had originally been developed for...
It would be advisable not to allow...
We could also enforce the rules on...
Only by...were the...able to achieve...
It was bound to happen.
It wasn't thought that permanent damage had been caused.
Recent accomplishments notwithstanding, many challenges remained.
It tackles real problems.
The main advantage of...
...is one of the most important issues facing us today.
It is crucial that...
It's also worth bearing in mind that...
A country AT war.
Racism has been targeted at... / They have suffered racial prejudice.

Therefore, the extinct of species, far from being a disaster, can simply be considered part of the normal evolutionary process.
As humanity's need for resources and industries has grown, it has become clear that man is by far the most destructive animal on earth.

As a result, fashion industry has caused a severe environmental damage. Subsequently, it brought about a colossal impact on the planet.
Restoring natural processes. Rewilding a progresive approach to conservation. To repair damaged ecosystems and restore degraded landscapes.
"In all that time, I have seen so many examples of nature declining because of man's influence.
I just feel, like so many other people that we have a deep moral obligation to try to put things right . It is a massive challenge." (Moral maze BBC- Countryside)

We are, by nature, extraordinarily prolific polluters of the planet.

Do you think biohacking is ethical?
Some people feel a terrible fear towards death.
It makes no sense to discriminate against people because of their age. A nonsensical idea.

We proclaim that it's not a passing fad stemmed from modern life. Our main goal is offering our Rental Services against Fast Fashion.
We live in a fast-pace society. Therefore, it's high time to end up this throwaway culture!
From then on, as children outgrow their clothes, we shall outgrow our behaviour.

The lack of a good welfare system.
To have a healthy life style in order to lead a quiet happy life.
Selfcare.

I had extensive knowlegde of current occupational Health and Safety procedures.
I consider myself to be a task-focused enthusiastic and resourceful leader...
I look forward to hearing from you
Should you have any doubt, do not hesitate to contact me.

The snowflake generation.
This generation has an “almost belligerent sense of entitlement”
What is the cause of this pervasive anguish? Let’s blame the parents.
Maybe we can also blame society? Who is to blame? And who will start to fix this?

More green and leafy spaces. Rooftop gardens. Unspoilt= Not altered by tourism. Gentrification. Crowded and block with traffic. Bike lanes. Housing. Acustic pollution. Communitaries gardens. The short term / the long term benefits include .... This idea is feasible because urban living...
Tourism season is winding down.
A hotspot - A world heritage site
A venue.

It could be the key that unlocks all language doors.
We can do our bit.

A household name for HHRR
A stellar figure
A beacon for Justice
To be shot point blank
A tower of strength
To campaign against children's rights.
How can be done to address/ mitigate / solve / tackle / approach an issue.
An outreach support to figure out the needs.
To identify and meet a need.
To turn to = ask someone for help.
Since they have no social housing, they turn to the private market for help.
A policy / policies
A joint action
A case-by-case support
To reintegrate homeless people into independent living.
To speak out about sth = to take a stand

Rarely can a minister have been faced with such a problem.
He can speak French but seldom does he use it in public.
Never I have heard a weaker excuse!
Little does the governement appreciate what the result will be.
Under no circumstances will late arrivals be admitted to the theatre before the interval.
Under no circumstances should smoking be allowed in the school premises.
So devastating were the floods that some areas may never recover.
Had I known, I would have protested strongly.
But for his advice, I wouldn't have done...

How we can mitigate the cost of living?
A pay gap
Basic needs get covered= a fairy salary
Universal Basic Income
The welfare system
The cost of the average shopping basket is rising
Virtues and flaws
A positive / negative feature
Economic benefits
Some experts, particulary those with an eye on technology, say that machines are going to replace people on a massive scale. Others, pointing to economic evidence, argue that...
Which of these two scenarios is morally more unfair?
A pillar of support for the flexibilisation of labour markets.
There is a heated debate / discussion about the moral justice of this idea.
The counter-argument is that it may be...
At all events, ...
On account of..., debate about... has returned with new vigour.
The virtues of this proposal are twofold:
Are we heading towards a jobless future?
Clearly, the arrival of disruptive technologies such as artificial intelligence will have an impact ON labour markets.
This idea is as attractive as it is controversal and counter-intuitive.
Numerous pilot projects have been set up around the world, but none of them have been conclusive, since, in general...
Let us imagine a society that ... (example)
Although it has traditionally been associated with...
A far fetched idea / a hare-brained idea
The gig economy (short terms contract or freelance)
Another aspect is... Concerning / regarding / related to this argument / element / aspect / issue / topic

Cooking with organic products will have become the norm by 2030.
Schools are to introduce interactive smart boards...
In 2030 India is due to overtake China as ....
We will have destroyed the fish population
By 2030, we will have developped self growing organs that can be used by accident victims or patients with genetic diseases. In fact, this could be a reality as early as 2020.
By 2030, we will have been reading books ..., but they aren't going to disappear any time soon.

The signs are that the rising cost of oil will make air travel all but obsolete except for the super-rich.
Those gas-guzzling monsters that fill the roads today will soon become a thing of the past.
Law-makers are bound to intervene in favour of eco-friendly cars, while people will believe "smaller is better" as the number of parking spaces fails to grow in proportion to the population.
The days of being deafened by engines and mobile phone converstions will be over.
The more people who use the network, the harder it becomes to unpick.

📊📈REPORT

magaliguyotfr — 2022-02-07 15:15:41 UTC

The purpose of this report is to evaluate and asks whether some activities done regularly can....
The chart indicates/ reveals/represents / illustrates / depicts / portrays / displays
The most obvious trend in graph is..
A clear / strong / current / steady / upwards / downwards tendency.
Overall,...
The countries mentioned can be divided into 3 mains groups
Other activities (Britons) carry out can be divided in ....
There are a number of fields in which...
These can be classified into the following types:
The vast majority of (people) would say...
As the graph shows, the average of .... will become dominant.
As can be seen from the chart / graph / table
As the numbers suggest, ...
Current figures point to the fact that ...may reach ... for
...had a high percentage of...
Almost 40%...
The approximate number of ... is / There are above...
The lowest percentage
Greater than >... less than <
The population has diminished / decreased / grown smaller
To give rise to / in comparison to
A great deal of
In the same way,...
On the whole/In line with/ In any case,
One drawback is
It appears that / It would seem
May / Might
Strange as it may seem, we can witness a sharp increase in ...., despite the surge of ...
probably / perhaps / apparently
To tend to / have a tendency to
A wide disparity
A significant difference between A and B
Contrary to popular belief, there doesn't seem to be a direct correlation between...
In excess of / higher than
This is in stark contrast to...
A wide gap between the top country and...
This is especially evident in...
It is quite clear from the data that ....related to ...
regardless to...
Representative
Drawing attention to this part of the graph...
What this means is...
Because of falling profits ....= The company has reported a sharp decrease in its profits.
It is not altogether clear from the data wether...
While / whereas/ In contrast to
While we can see a clear decrease of ...
Whilst
Equally / In the same way
The are several factors that lead to
4 times more likely...than
Over 90%of..., most of which are...
There has been a rise OF 40% in the number of ...
There has been a significant increase IN the number...
Teens are 4 times more likely to have a crash than adults
Teens have 4 times as many crashes as adults
The same report shows that boys are roughly twice as likely as girls to...
Today, one in three consumers has shifted to online shop. As a result, many local businesses are at risk. Only we can make a change by being aware of...
The higher level an American worker has, the more prone to remote work they are.
Research suggests that the Millennial (snowflake) Generation is twice as aware of mental health issues as the Baby Boomer generation was.
The suicide rates amongst students is three times higher than it was in 1950.
The graphic gives information about the rate of growth, and we can easily draw conclusions based on ...
This decline can be attributed to a lack of...
According to statistics from... almost 40 %...
16.3% = sixteen point three per cent
X place a high value on...
Were it not for ...., X wouldn't be...
An additional area is ...Although / even though
Not only...
However, one can equally argue that ...
All in all, it is difficult to draw any definitive conclusion about the data presented
This report therefore makes the following recommendations:
...should have ....We might as well see...
In the future, it is hoped that at least 90% of ...will have +ing
Controlling the numbers= To get a grip on / to get a hold on

📚
A poll
A steady trend
A surge in
A climb
1/2 A half - to halve
x 2 the double - to double
x 3 triple - to triple
66% two thirds
1/3 one third
75% three quarter

📈 There has been a dramatic increase in the number of...
The number of.... has rocketed.

☝ has increased sharply
There has been a rapid surge in...

🏆 There will be enormous growth in ...
The .... is due to increase dramatically

🎢 is currently a rapid increase in the amount of informations
The .......... is soaring as it doubles its contents every 10 years

✨ There will be a sharp rise in....
.... will become dominant

📥 .... will gradually decrease
There will be a steady decline in ....

The following verbs can be used to describe a trend or pattern that goes up.

● climb (past: climbed)

● double (past: doubled)

● go up (past: went up)

● grow (past: grew)

● increase (past: increased)

● jump (past: jumped)

● rise (past: rose)

● soar (past: soared)

● (sky)rocket (past: (sky)rocketed)

● triple (past: tripled)

Sentence examples using words that show an upward trend:

● The number of enrolments increased significantly between 2005 and 2010.

● Production rose from 800 units in May to 1000 units the following month.

The following verbs can be used to describe a trend or pattern that goes down.

● decline (past: declined)

● decrease (past: decreased)

● drop (past: dropped)

● fall (past: fell)

● go down (past: went down)

● halve (past: halved)

● plummet (past: plummeted) = to fall or drop suddenly in amount or value

● plunge (past: plunged) = to fall or drop suddenly in amount or value

Plunge and Plummet, when describing trends, have the same meaning.

Sentence examples using words that show a downward trend:

● Prices of Model X dropped significantly once Model Y became available on the market.

● Company profits decreased in 2013 by 15%.

To describe a more or less stable pattern, you can use the following expressions:

● maintain (past: maintained)

● remain (past: remained)

● stay (past: stayed)

● constant

● stable

● steady

● unchanged

Adverbs used when describing trends

Adverbs describe HOW something happens. They usually come after a verb.

● sharply, rapidly, quickly, steeply

● considerably, significantly, substantially

● steadily, gradually, moderately

● slightly, slowly

Nouns used when describing trends

decline
● decrease

● dip (a momentarily small drop in the level of something)

● drop

● fall

● fluctuation (= an irregular rising and falling in number or amount; a variation)

● growth

● increase

● peak (= the highest point) to reach a peak

● rise

● slump (= a severe or prolonged fall in the price, value, or amount of something)

● variation (= a change or difference in condition, amount, or level)

BUSINESS COLOCATION

(N.B.: whenever the ‘n’ value is used, it may signify any number)
o Wealth has grown robustly / wealth grew very strongly / wealth rose from … to …. / wealth growth has been quite steady / wealth has risen nfold/ the increase in the wealth-income ratio exceeded n

o Wealth fell by n% / wealth decreased by n% and has suffered another decline this year / a decline in wealth / wealth is still above / below its peak achieved in ….. / the fall in …. led to a drop in average wealth

o Overall wealth inequality was low

o The total wealth is very sizeable

o This country makes up one quarter of the European contingent

o Billionaires account for less than n%of total household wealth

o It is the only country to display just a small decrease in wealth inequality

o Gross financial assets average a little over USD n per adult

🤹‍♂️ PERSONAL OPINION

magaliguyotfr — 2022-02-07 15:17:28 UTC

As far as I am concerned
If it were up to me,...
I'd sooner...
If I ever found myself in that situation...
My preference would be...
My view on the matter is...
My take on this is...
Quite frankly,...
From what I can gather...
Having said that
I'd like to move onto...
We have tendency to
I am inclined to
The vast majority of people would say...
I am prone to
I'd hazard a guess
If I had to hazard an opinion, ...
In that respect, therefore, ...
By the same token, I guess
To take into consideration
It takes me back to / the memories come flooding back
Had I known it (would be this hard), I would have (dropped out)
I am writing to enquire about...
I am under the impression..
So, let me get this straight...
I heard ON the internet...
I am not use to + ING
I am caught in the middle.
I find myself at a crossroads.

There are several reasons why I think that.
The facts suggest.../ The evidence shows
After all,
What I'm basically saying is ...
Actually, ...
I am convinced that...

🧩CONNECTORS

magaliguyotfr — 2022-02-07 15:20:20 UTC

To start with,
Actually,
Obviously
On top of that
Another point worth noting is...
In other words,
Although / in spite of
However / Nonetheless
Therefore
From then on
For instance
Subsequently
In the meantime
Furthermore
At least,
By far
Theorically, Supposedly
Prior to + verb ing
In brief, in conclusion
Finally,

✒ QUOTES

magaliguyotfr — 2022-02-09 13:12:53 UTC

"It takes a village to raise a child"
"A different language is a different vison of life" (F. Fellini)
"The will of the people is the only legitimate foundation of any government, and to protect its free expression should be our first object" (Thomas Jefferson)
"The artist is nothing without the gift, but the gift is nothing without work" (Emile Zola)
Proverbs:
"Actions speak louder than words"
"Practice make perfect"
"There's no place like home"

magaliguyotfr — 2022-02-13 19:31:14 UTC

👽 IDIOMS

magaliguyotfr — 2022-02-15 09:06:13 UTC

Idioms for people:
Pain in the neck
Dark horse
is set in his / her way
down to earth
An armchair critic
A loose cannon
A wet blanket
A cheapskate
Prepositional phrases:
To be under the impression
To be over the moon
To be over the top
Above all
Everything is above board= too much
You are off balance = in an unsteady position
To get a word in edgeways
The wrong end of the stick
To talk at cross purposes
To need a good talking to
Can't make head or tail of sthg

It's a food for thoughts (Sthg to think about it)
It wasn't just a a half-baked idea
It's hard to swallow

👄 ORAL EXAM

magaliguyotfr — 2022-02-18 09:01:26 UTC

ORAL PRESENTATION (5 min)
Good morning, I am ...
Today, I'm going to focus on the topic of...
The aim of this presentation is... /
This morning I'm going to discuss...
Did you know that... /
How you ever wondered why...
I am going to start by looking at... / Next I'm going to.../ To finish, I'll talk to you about
My presentation is divided into three parts.
One thing you might not know about is...
I'd like to move onto.../ Let's go to the next section...
Let me draw your attention to...
As everybody knows...
The next point is...
As you'll be aware...
I'd like to conclude BY reviewing the main points:
In conclusion, we can say that...
Thanks for your attention, feel free to ask any questions.

DEBATE (10 min)
Do you consider that...
For a start... / What's your view?
My take on this is... I do like the fact that
As far as I'm concerned...
The real dilemma is... /
It's vital to remember that...
So let me get this straight... / I feel I must almost disagree with you ABOUT...
I absolutely disagree / I'm sorry but I don't see your point.
To arrive AT an agreement.
The vast majority of people would say...
We have no evidence that...
9 out of 10 people would say that...
To my knowledge... / I am inclined to be... / I am prone to
Another thing to consider is...
On top of that / On the whole
We should'nt forget that...
Hold on a minute! Can you be sure about that?
Let's say I'm agree with the idea of...
I admit that your point about...may be true, however...
I might add that...
As a rule.../ According to experts... / Research has found that.. / It is widely recognised that... / It was scientists who started alerting us to the fact that...
For instance
As a result... / Consequently,
Due to the fact that / owing to the fact that
Although / In spite of
Not only... but also / A good alternative to...
There are exceptions, of course.
We are used to seeing in cities...
But that doesn't take account of the fact that...
Absolutely! You're so right! Definitely! Exactly!
In any case, I reckon that...
I hear what you're saying, but...
There are several reasons why I say that.

In a nutshell...(short conclusion)
So in summary.../ All in all... / All things considered... / Taking everything into consideration...
That's a tough question to answer.
is one of the most important issues facing us today

ORAL MEDIATION (5min)
What emotion does the photo / document evoke in you?
Personality of the sitter
Message of the artist

That's an inspiring photo, because...
He / she gives me the impression of being...
He / she gives a clear message
The photo evokes / provoques / transmits... because of...
He / She makes me think that...
He / she is a kind of a leader, who always... A sort of...
He / she could be ... Probably...
There's something in his / her eyes ans in his / her posture that surprised me, ... that reveals a classical gesture of...
I suppose / I guess / I reckon
If I had to make a guess I'd say... or something like that
I'd say he / she is around...
He / She looks very... doesn't he / she?
Oh really?
It looks to me as if .... / I might suggest that...
Owing to ...'s interest in ..., he / she'll tend to ...
Since...
Nethertheless,...
I would say that the portrait was supposed to reflect...
I feel exactly the same!
The photographer has managed to capture...
I am pretty sure that...
The image / painting / photograph / sculpture / graffiti makes me feel...
thrilled / astonished / outraged / thoughtful / hopeful / perplexed / cheerful / nostalgic / annoyed / frustrated
I'm under the impression that the character seems to be...
My own feeling is that the character appears to be ...
If you ask me, the character looks:
on top of the world / gobsmacked / over the moon / day-dreaming / heart-broken / flabbergasted / relieved / bewildered / overjoyed / worn out / scared stiff / reluctant / indifferent / dreadful / insecure / hurt / mortified / ashamed
Apparently, the artist intended to...
I can't make much sense of this here, but...
I consider the message to be...
I could be wrong, but...
I regard the title as...What does this element symbolise to you?
Wouldn't you say that...?
Might the message be...

DISCUSSING DILEMMAS
My first reaction is...
On the other hand,
Given the choice,
If it were up to me,
If I ever found myself in that situation...
I'd just as soon ... as (She 'd just as soon quit her job as do sthg unethical)
I should stress ...
This could be by far the best option.
To be absolutely honest,
Under no circumstances will we rest on our laurels.

🔊 BBC Improve your listening skills

magaliguyotfr — 2022-02-18 10:03:54 UTC

Today
You&Yours
Moral Maze
The Zoe Ball Breakfast Show
Hard Talk

Opinion essay

magaliguyotfr — 2022-03-24 17:28:24 UTC

Language for debating

magaliguyotfr — 2022-03-24 17:30:07 UTC

Writing based on a visual input

magaliguyotfr — 2022-03-24 17:32:39 UTC

Discursive essay

magaliguyotfr — 2022-03-24 17:34:37 UTC

Discursive essays

magaliguyotfr — 2022-03-24 17:35:34 UTC