Class Period: Period 1

Date: 5/12/25

1.Literary Elements

2.Informational Elements

3.Vocabulary

4.Context Clues

5.Writing

Example: “The dark alley made her feel anxious and fearful.”

Resource Link: https://literarydevices.net/mood

Examples:“I can’t believe you did that! What were you thinking?”

This sentence has a frustrated or angry tone, indicated by the exclamation marks.

Resource link:

Tone - Definition and Examples - LitCharts

Example of Diction: •Formal diction: “I regret to inform you that your application has been denied.”

• Informal diction: “Sorry, you didn’t get in.”

Resources : litchart

Examples:

1.Simile: “She’s as bright as the sun.”

2.Metaphor: “Time is a thief.”

3.Personification: “The wind whispered through the trees.”

Resources link: https://www.litcharts.com/literary-devices-and-terms/figurative-language

Examples:

1.Teamwork brings success.

2.Humans affect the environment.

3.Hard work leads to achievement.

Definition: Appeal to the speaker’s authority or trustworthiness.

Example: “As a doctor, I recommend this treatment.”

Resource: Ethos - LitCharts

2. Pathos (Emotion)

Definition: Appeal to the audience’s emotions.

Example: “Think of the children suffering every day.”

Resource: Pathos - LitCharts

3. Logos (Logic)

Definition: Appeal to reason or facts.

Example: “Studies show this method is 90% effective.”

Resource: Logos - LitCharts

4. Kairos (Timing)

Definition: Appeal to the right time or moment to act.

Example: “Now is the time to invest before prices rise.”

Resource: Kairos - Purdue OWL

Definition: Repeating words or phrases for emphasis.

Example: We will win. We will fight. We will overcome.

Resource: https://www.litcharts.com/literary-devices-and-terms/repetition

2. Analogy

Definition: A comparison to explain or clarify an idea.

Example: Just as a sword is the weapon of a warrior, a pen is the weapon of a writer.

Resource:https://www.litcharts.com/literary-devices-and-terms/analogy

3. Rhetorical Question

Definition: A question asked for effect, not an answer.

Example: Isn’t it time we took a stand?

Resource: https://www.litcharts.com/literary-devices-and-terms/rhetorical-question

4. Parallelism

Definition: Using similar structure in related phrases or clauses.

Example: She came, she saw, she conquered.

Resource:https://www.litcharts.com/literary-devices-and-terms/parallelism

5. Allusion

Definition: A reference to a well-known person, place, or work.

Example: He’s a real Romeo with the ladies.

Resource: https://www.litcharts.com/literary-devices-and-terms/allusion

Definition: Events are presented in the order they happened (time order).

Example: First she woke up, then ate breakfast, and finally went to school.

Resource:https://www.litcharts.com/literary-devices-and-terms/structure

2. Cause and Effect

Definition: Explains why something happened (cause) and what happened as a result (effect).

Example: “It rained all night, so the game was canceled.”

Resource: https://examples.yourdictionary.com/cause-and-effect-examples.html

3. Description

Definition: Gives details to help the reader visualize or understand a topic.

Example: “The old house was dark, dusty, and filled with cobwebs.”

Resource:https://www.thoughtco.com/description-rhetoric-and-composition-1690443

4. Problem and Solution

Definition: Presents a problem and explains how it was or could be solved.

Example: “Traffic was a big issue, so the city built a new highway.”

Resource: https://examples.yourdictionary.com/problem-and-solution-examples.html

Context Clues – Use words around the unfamiliar word to guess its meaning.

Example: The arboretum, a place with many types of trees, was peaceful.

Resources:Merriam-Webster Learner’s Dictionary

Denotation

Definition: The literal, dictionary definition of a word.

Example: Snake — A legless reptile.

Resource:https://www.litcharts.com/literary-devices-and-terms/denotation

Connotation

Definition: The emotional or cultural meaning associated with a word.

Example: Snake Can suggest danger, evil, or betrayal.

Resource:https://www.litcharts.com/literary-devices-and-terms/connotation

Key Terms

Claim: Your main point.
Example: School uniforms should be required.

Counterclaim: The other side’s argument.
Example: Some say uniforms limit self-expression.

Rebuttal: Your response to the counterclaim.
Example: But uniforms help prevent bullying.

Evidence: Facts or examples to back up your point.
Example: A study showed uniforms improve behavior.

Example Paragraph

School uniforms should be required. They help students focus and reduce bullying. Some people say uniforms stop self-expression, but students can show personality in other ways, like through art or activities. Uniforms make school safer and more equal.

Basic Outline Format:

1. Introduction

Hook

Background info

Claim/Thesis Statement

2. Body Paragraph 1

Topic sentence (supporting the claim)

Evidence

Explanation

3. Body Paragraph 2

Topic sentence (introduce counterclaim)

Counterclaim

Rebuttal with evidence

4. Conclusion

Restate claim

Summarize main points

Final thought/call to action

Resource

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/essay_writing/argumentative_essays.html

Structure

Introduction – Hook + background + main idea (thesis)

Body Paragraphs – Each gives a fact or idea with examples

Conclusion – Wrap it up and restate main points

Example Paragraph

Topic: How Photosynthesis Works

Photosynthesis is the process plants use to make their own food. It happens in the leaves, where sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide come together to create glucose and oxygen. This process is important because it gives us oxygen to breathe and helps plants grow.

Purpose

To inform or explain a topic clearly using facts, not opinions.

Resource

https://www.time4writing.com/writing-resources/expository-essay/