🌐 INTERMEDIATE CLASS

Socialising Nowadays & Feeling Socially Tired

Level: Intermediate

Skills: Reading, speaking, vocabulary, reflection

Theme: Modern social life, energy, boundaries, well-being

🎯 Class Objectives

By the end of the class, the student will be able to:

• talk about how they socialise today

• describe social tiredness / social fatigue

• express feelings like awkwardness and embarrassment

• compare past and present social habits

• give opinions using more natural, modern English

🔹 Warm-up (5–8 minutes)

Ask gently (new student!):

• Do you enjoy socialising? Why or why not?

• Do you prefer small groups or big groups?

• After meeting people, do you usually feel energised or tired?

👉 This already opens the door to social fatigue without naming it yet.

🔹 Reading: Modern Socialising

(Intermediate – more depth than BBC, still accessible)

Socialising Today: Why Does It Feel More Tiring?

Socialising used to mean meeting friends without thinking too much about it. Today, many people say they feel more socially tired than before. Even activities they enjoy — like dinners, parties, or group chats — can sometimes feel exhausting.

One reason is the amount of social interaction we have every day. Messages, social media, video calls, and work meetings mean we are almost always connected. Because of this, some people feel they need more alone time to recharge.

Another reason is social pressure. Small talk can feel awkward, especially when people feel they must be interesting, positive, or successful. This can lead to feelings of embarrassment or discomfort, even with people they know.

Many people now prefer fewer but deeper connections. Instead of large groups, they choose close friends — people they have things in common with. Socialising becomes more intentional, not automatic.

In this way, socialising has not disappeared — it has changed.

🔹 Vocabulary Focus

Core vocabulary (BBC + expanded)

• socialise
  👉 spend time with people for fun

• small talk
  👉 polite conversation about unimportant topics

• awkward
  👉 uncomfortable or strange

• embarrassed
  👉 feeling shy or ashamed

• have something in common
  👉 share interests or opinions

New, modern expressions (intermediate upgrade)

• socially tired / socially exhausted

• recharge (rest mentally or emotionally)

• social pressure

• alone time

• deep connections

🧠 Example:

“I like socialising, but sometimes I feel socially tired and need time to recharge.”

🔹 Comprehension Questions

A) Understanding the text

1. Why do many people feel more socially tired today?

2. What makes small talk uncomfortable for some people?

3. How has socialising changed according to the text?

B) Personal response

4. Do you agree with the text? Why or why not?

🔹 Language Focus: Talking About Preferences & Feelings

Useful sentence starters:

• I enjoy socialising, but…

• I feel tired after social events when…

• I prefer smaller groups because…

• I don’t mind small talk, but…

👉 This helps an intermediate student structure thoughts.

🔹 Speaking Practice (Main Activity)

💬 Discussion questions (choose 3–5):

1. Do you think people socialise less today, or just differently?

2. When do you feel awkward in social situations?

3. Is small talk necessary? Why?

4. How do you usually recharge after socialising?

5. Do you prefer online or face-to-face socialising?

👉 Teacher tip:

Don’t rush corrections. Focus on fluency + comfort, especially with a new student.

🔹 Optional Comparison Task (Nice Icebreaker)

🧠 Ask:

How do you think socialising was different 10 or 20 years ago?

Encourages:

• past vs present

• opinions

• speculation

🔹 Mini Writing / Reflection (Optional)

✍️ Short task:

“Socialising makes me feel… because…”

(5–6 sentences, spoken or written)

✅ End-of-Class Check

By the end, the student should be able to:

✔ explain how they socialise

✔ talk about feeling socially tired

✔ use awkward, small talk, have in common naturally

✔ express preferences with confidence

Conditionals are structures which express a situation and the possible results. 

• If it rains, I'll stay inside and watch a film. 

They consist of a condition clause (if-clause): 

• If it rains,

And a main clause (result clause): 

• I'll stay inside and watch a film.

What are the types?

Use the zero conditional to express general truths and facts. 

• If I don't sleep well, I feel grumpy in the morning. 

• If you mix blue and red paint, you get the colour purple. 

• Grass turns brown if you don't water it. 

Use the first conditional to express likely future situations and their consequences. 

• If I pass my exams, I'll go to university. 

• We'll cancel the picnic if it rains. 

• If AI continues improving, we'll all be in danger of losing our jobs. 

Use the second conditional to express unlikely future situations and their consequences. 

• If I won a million pounds, I'd travel the world. 

• She loves space so much - if she could live on the Moon, she would. 

• If aliens landed in our garden, my mum would make them dinner. 

Use the third conditional to imagine a different past.

• If I hadn't become an English teacher, I would've trained as a vet. 

• If our train had been cancelled, we would've been late for the event. 

• I wish I had studied harder, because if I'd studied harder, I would've got a place at a top university

Topic: Driverless Cars, Public Risk & Modern Urban Policy

Level: Advanced
Main skill: Speaking (argumentation & critical thinking)
Secondary skills: Reading, listening, vocabulary
Time: 60–75 minutes

1️⃣ Warm-up: Framing the dilemma (8–10 min)

👉 Start big and abstract, not with the article yet.

Ask:

• 🚗 Would you feel safe in a driverless taxi? Why or why not?

• ⚡ What happens when technology fails? Who is responsible?

• 🏙️ Should cities depend on automated systems for transport?

Push deeper:

• Is human error worse than system failure?

• Which is more dangerous: one human mistake or one massive system collapse?

2️⃣ Key vocabulary for engagement (pre-debate) (10–12 min)

Teach functional, debate-ready vocabulary — not just definitions.

🔑 Core vocabulary (with speaking prompts)

Infrastructure

• 👉 How dependent are modern cities on infrastructure?

Power outage / blackout

• 👉 Should critical transport systems stop completely during a blackout?

System failure

• 👉 Is system failure inevitable in advanced technology?

Autonomous / driverless

• 👉 Should autonomous vehicles replace human drivers entirely?

Liability

• 👉 Who should have liability when a robotaxi causes disruption or harm?

Public safety

• 👉 Is public safety stronger or weaker with autonomous vehicles?

Risk assessment

• 👉 How should cities assess technological risks before adoption?

Urban congestion

• 👉 Did the robotaxis reduce or worsen urban congestion during the outage?

Fail-safe mechanisms

• 👉 Should fail-safe mechanisms override efficiency?

Regulation

• 👉 Is regulation keeping up with technological innovation?

🔥 Opinion & argument language (very important)

Give him ready-made structures to sound confident:

• From my perspective…

• One major concern is…

• On the other hand…

• This raises the question of…

• The long-term implications are…

• We need to distinguish between…

• I partially agree, however…

👉 Encourage him to interrupt politely:

• May I challenge that point?

• I see your argument, but…

3️⃣ Article comprehension → critical lens (10 min)

Now introduce the article + video.

Guiding questions (not factual only):

• ⚡ Why did the Waymo cars stop completely instead of adapting?

• 🚦 Did the cars follow rules — or common sense?

• 🧠 Is caution always a good thing in autonomous systems?

Push critical thinking:

• Did the technology fail — or did the environment fail the technology?

• Would a human driver behave differently?

4️⃣ Core debate: Responsibility & consequences (20–25 min)

🎙️ Debate format (1-on-1)

Position A – Pro autonomous vehicles

• They reduce human error

• They follow rules strictly

• They improve safety long-term

Position B – Critical of autonomous vehicles

• Over-reliance on technology

• Poor adaptability in crisis

• Risk to public infrastructure

Let him choose a side first, then switch sides halfway (advanced skill!).

🔥 High-level debate questions

• 🧩 Is following rules always safer than adapting to chaos?

• ⚖️ Should Waymo be taxed or fined for public disruption?

• 🏛️ Should cities allow autonomous fleets without human override?

• 💰 Should companies pay “technology risk taxes”?

• 🌍 Is society being used as a testing ground for innovation?

Encourage:

• Examples

• Comparisons with aviation, trains, AI in medicine

5️⃣ Extension: Modern taxes & policy thinking (10–12 min)

Now connect to modern taxation & governance.

Discussion prompts:

• 💸 Should autonomous vehicle companies pay higher city taxes?

• 🏙️ Should cities charge for congestion caused by automation?

• 🤖 Should AI systems require an “emergency human takeover” fee or permit?

Advanced framing:

• Is innovation slowed by regulation — or protected by it?

• Who benefits most from autonomous vehicles: citizens or corporations?

6️⃣ Reflection & synthesis (5 min)

End with meta-thinking:

Ask him to complete:

• 🧠 My opinion changed because…

• ⚖️ The strongest argument on the other side is…

• 🔮 In 10 years, I think cities will…

Optional:

• Do you trust systems more than people? Why?

  Answer: From my perspective, systems can be safer than people, because machines can't forget something, or make things out of the rules imputed. Even we know that systems can fail, the chances are less. In addition, systems have no feelings, they can't be sick or stay in bad humor, they are predictable and we know what we can expect from them. On the other hand, we can´t live just surronded by robots, we need human contact, and even the systems need human, to create and improove than. But Yes, I believe that they are more reliable.

Smart Devices, Public Spaces, and the Future of Digital Trust

In recent years, wearable technology has evolved rapidly. Devices such as the Ray-Ban Meta Smart Glasses, developed by Meta Platforms, allow users to record videos, take photos, and even livestream directly from their glasses.

While these devices are marketed as innovative tools for content creation and connectivity, they have also raised serious concerns about privacy, consent, and digital surveillance.

Unlike smartphones, which are visible when recording, smart glasses can film discreetly. Many critics argue that this creates ethical problems, especially in public spaces where people may not realize they are being recorded. Women, in particular, have expressed concerns about harassment and non-consensual filming.

But the issue goes beyond public discomfort.

These devices are part of a broader technological shift toward constant data collection. Facial recognition systems, biometric authentication, and AI-powered analytics are increasingly integrated into financial services, banking apps, and investment platforms.

In the financial sector, technology plays a crucial role in:

• Verifying client identity (KYC – Know Your Customer)

• Detecting fraud and unusual transactions

• Preventing identity theft

• Monitoring cybersecurity threats

Biometric verification — such as face scans or voice recognition — is often considered safer than passwords. However, it also raises new risks:

• What happens if biometric data is hacked?

• Who owns facial data collected in public spaces?

• Can recorded images be used for identity fraud?

For financial professionals and investors, the challenge is balancing innovation, security, and ethical responsibility.

As wearable devices become more powerful and AI systems more sophisticated, societies must decide:

• How much surveillance is acceptable?

• Who regulates these technologies?

• Are current privacy laws strong enough?

The future of finance may depend not only on capital and markets — but on digital trust.

💬 Discussion Questions (Advanced Level)

Key words and phrases

covertly
in a secet, hidden way

• The secret service covertly recorded government conversations.

hit on (someone)
start speaking with someone and show them that you are romantically interested in them

• She asked for my phone number, so I asked her if she was hitting on me.

troll
leave offensive or annoying comments on the internet to upset someone

• The athlete was trolled online after losing in the final.

Ethics & Society

1. Should recording in public spaces require explicit consent?

2. Do you think wearable cameras disproportionately affect women? Why?

3. Is privacy becoming a luxury?

Finance & Technology

4. How does the financial sector verify identity today?

5. Is biometric authentication safer than passwords?

6. What risks do financial institutions face if biometric data is leaked?

7. Would you invest in companies that produce surveillance technology?

Critical Thinking

8. Who should regulate wearable tech — governments or private companies?

9. Can innovation move “too fast” for legislation?

10. How do you see this technology affecting financial markets in the next 10 years?

🧠 Vocabulary Upgrade

1️⃣ Data breach

An incident in which confidential, sensitive, or protected information is accessed, disclosed, or stolen without authorization.
👉 Example: A company leaking customers’ credit card details after a cyberattack.

2️⃣ Surveillance capitalism

An economic system in which companies collect, analyze, and monetize users’ personal data—often without fully transparent consent—to predict and influence behavior.
👉 Example: Social media platforms tracking your activity to sell targeted ads.

3️⃣ Informed consent

Permission granted by a person who fully understands the risks, implications, and purpose of a particular action, data collection, or agreement.
👉 Example: Agreeing to share your biometric data after reading a clear explanation of how it will be used.

4️⃣ Digital footprint

The trail of data an individual leaves behind when using the internet, including posts, searches, clicks, and online purchases.
👉 Example: Your Instagram posts, Google searches, and online subscriptions.

5️⃣ Biometric authentication

A security process that verifies a person’s identity using unique biological characteristics such as fingerprints, facial recognition, or voice patterns.
👉 Example: Unlocking your phone with Face ID.

6️⃣ Regulatory framework

A structured set of laws, rules, and guidelines established by authorities to govern activities within a specific industry or area.
👉 Example: Data protection laws that regulate how companies handle personal information.

7️⃣ Risk exposure

The degree to which an individual or organization is vulnerable to potential losses, harm, or legal consequences.
👉 Example: A company storing unencrypted customer data has high risk exposure.

8️⃣ Liability

Legal responsibility for one’s actions or omissions, especially when they cause harm or loss.
👉 Example: A tech company being held liable for failing to protect user data.

9️⃣ Encryption

The process of converting data into a coded format to prevent unauthorized access. Only authorized parties can decode it.
👉 Example: End-to-end encryption in messaging apps.

🔟 Due diligence

A careful and thorough investigation or assessment conducted before making a decision, especially in business or legal contexts.
👉 Example: A company reviewing a partner’s cybersecurity practices before signing a contract.

✈️ Question (Strategic & Reflective)

“How do digital risks and data management practices impact trust and safety in the aviation supply chain?”

1️⃣ Data breach

An incident in which confidential, sensitive, or protected information is accessed, disclosed, or stolen without authorization.
👉 Example: A company leaking customers’ credit card details after a cyberattack.

2️⃣ Surveillance capitalism

An economic system in which companies collect, analyze, and monetize users’ personal data—often without fully transparent consent—to predict and influence behavior.
👉 Example: Social media platforms tracking your activity to sell targeted ads.

3️⃣ Informed consent

Permission granted by a person who fully understands the risks, implications, and purpose of a particular action, data collection, or agreement.
👉 Example: Agreeing to share your biometric data after reading a clear explanation of how it will be used.

4️⃣ Digital footprint

The trail of data an individual leaves behind when using the internet, including posts, searches, clicks, and online purchases.
👉 Example: Your Instagram posts, Google searches, and online subscriptions.

5️⃣ Biometric authentication

A security process that verifies a person’s identity using unique biological characteristics such as fingerprints, facial recognition, or voice patterns.
👉 Example: Unlocking your phone with Face ID.

6️⃣ Regulatory framework

A structured set of laws, rules, and guidelines established by authorities to govern activities within a specific industry or area.
👉 Example: Data protection laws that regulate how companies handle personal information.

7️⃣ Risk exposure

The degree to which an individual or organization is vulnerable to potential losses, harm, or legal consequences.
👉 Example: A company storing unencrypted customer data has high risk exposure.

8️⃣ Liability

Legal responsibility for one’s actions or omissions, especially when they cause harm or loss.
👉 Example: A tech company being held liable for failing to protect user data.

9️⃣ Encryption

The process of converting data into a coded format to prevent unauthorized access. Only authorized parties can decode it.
👉 Example: End-to-end encryption in messaging apps.

🔟 Due diligence

A careful and thorough investigation or assessment conducted before making a decision, especially in business or legal contexts.
👉 Example: A company reviewing a partner’s cybersecurity practices before signing a contract.

✈️ Question (Strategic & Reflective)

“How do digital risks and data management practices impact trust and safety in the aviation supply chain?”

Extra:

Smart Devices, Public Spaces, and the Future of Digital Trust

In recent years, wearable technology has evolved rapidly. Devices such as the Ray-Ban Meta Smart Glasses, developed by Meta Platforms, allow users to record videos, take photos, and even livestream directly from their glasses.

While these devices are marketed as innovative tools for content creation and connectivity, they have also raised serious concerns about privacy, consent, and digital surveillance.

Unlike smartphones, which are visible when recording, smart glasses can film discreetly. Many critics argue that this creates ethical problems, especially in public spaces where people may not realize they are being recorded. Women, in particular, have expressed concerns about harassment and non-consensual filming.

But the issue goes beyond public discomfort.

These devices are part of a broader technological shift toward constant data collection. Facial recognition systems, biometric authentication, and AI-powered analytics are increasingly integrated into financial services, banking apps, and investment platforms.

In the financial sector, technology plays a crucial role in:

• Verifying client identity (KYC – Know Your Customer)

• Detecting fraud and unusual transactions

• Preventing identity theft

• Monitoring cybersecurity threats

Biometric verification — such as face scans or voice recognition — is often considered safer than passwords. However, it also raises new risks:

• What happens if biometric data is hacked?

• Who owns facial data collected in public spaces?

• Can recorded images be used for identity fraud?

For financial professionals and investors, the challenge is balancing innovation, security, and ethical responsibility.

As wearable devices become more powerful and AI systems more sophisticated, societies must decide:

• How much surveillance is acceptable?

• Who regulates these technologies?

• Are current privacy laws strong enough?

The future of finance may depend not only on capital and markets — but on digital trust.

Topic: Choosing Not to Be Parents — Generational Shift or Structural Change?

🎯 Lesson Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students will:

• Analyze demographic research.

• Distinguish between personal choice and structural limitation.

• Use academic and nuanced language in debate.

• Express agreement and disagreement diplomatically.

• Formulate arguments using evidence.

⏳ Total Time: 90 minutes

1️⃣ Warm-Up (10–15 minutes)

Start with open conversation:

• Do you think having children is still considered a life goal?

• Is parenthood a personal choice or a social expectation?

• Are younger generations less interested in becoming parents?

• In Brazil, is there pressure to have children?

Push students to justify their ideas:

• Why?

• Based on what evidence?

• Is that perception cultural or global?

2️⃣ Vocabulary Activation (15 minutes)

Introduce the vocabulary orally and have students define or paraphrase in their own words.

Childfree – a person who chooses not to have children.

Childless – a person who does not have children but may have wanted them.

Fertility rate – the average number of children born per woman in a country.

Demographic shift – a significant change in population patterns.

Generational divide – differences in attitudes or values between age groups.

Economic constraints – financial pressures that limit choices.

Reproductive autonomy – the right to decide whether or not to have children.

Social expectations – cultural pressure about how one “should” live.

Delayed parenthood – choosing to have children later in life.

Structural barriers – systemic obstacles such as cost of living or lack of support.

Activity

Students create 4 sentences using at least 3 vocabulary words.

Then ask:

Which of these words suggests personal choice?

Which suggest external pressure?

This distinction is important for the debate later.

3️⃣ Reading Text (20 minutes)

You can read this together and pause for analysis.

Article Summary (Adapted for Class Discussion)

Recent research from Michigan State University using data from Pew Research Center shows that the percentage of nonparents in the United States who say they never want children has almost doubled over the last two decades. In the early 2000s, around 14% of nonparents said they did not want children. By 2023, that number had increased to nearly 29%.

At the same time, fewer adults say they plan to have children in the future.

Researchers distinguish between people who are childfree by choice and those who are childless due to circumstances.

A global report from the United Nations Population Fund also suggests that many adults worldwide would like to have children but feel unable to do so because of economic instability, housing costs, career uncertainty, lack of childcare support, and climate anxiety.

Experts argue that declining birth rates may reflect both changing values and structural barriers.

4️⃣ Deep Discussion & Debate (30 minutes)

Part A – Interpretation

Ask:

• Is this primarily about changing values?

• Or are economic conditions the real cause?

• Is parenthood becoming a “luxury”?

• Does education level influence the decision?

• Is choosing not to have children selfish, responsible, or neutral?

Encourage students to:

• Interrupt politely

• Ask follow-up questions

• Challenge each other’s assumptions

Part B – Structured Debate

Divide students into two positions:

Position 1: Declining parenthood is mainly a generational mindset shift.

Position 2: Declining parenthood is mainly caused by economic and social instability.

Students must:

• Present 2 arguments.

• Provide examples.

• Respond to one counterargument.

Encourage use of advanced structures:

• It could be argued that…

• The data suggests…

• One underlying factor may be…

• This perspective fails to consider…

• While it is true that…, it is also important to note…

5️⃣ Language Focus: Academic Tone (10–15 minutes)

Transform strong or emotional statements into nuanced academic language.

Example 1

Strong: “People today are selfish.”

Refined: “Some critics argue that rising individualism influences family decisions.”

Example 2

Strong: “The economy makes it impossible to have kids.”

Refined: “Economic instability may discourage long-term family planning.”

Example 3

Strong: “Having kids is outdated.”

Refined: “Traditional models of family life appear to be evolving.”

Students rewrite 3 emotional statements into formal academic language.

6️⃣ Critical Thinking Extension (If time allows)

Discuss broader implications:

• What happens to pension systems if birth rates fall?

• How will aging populations affect healthcare?

• Should governments encourage childbirth?

• Is it ethical for governments to promote higher fertility rates?

Encourage use of conditional forms:

• If governments provided more financial support, birth rates might increase.

• If social norms continue to shift, traditional family structures may change.

7️⃣ Homework Options

Option 1 – Opinion Essay (250–300 words)

“Is the decline in parenthood a social crisis or a natural evolution?”

Requirements:

• Use at least 4 vocabulary words.

• Include one counterargument.

• Use at least 2 hedging expressions.

Option 2 – Mini Research Task

Students research birth trends in:

• Brazil

• Japan

• South Korea

• Germany

They must answer:

Is the trend cultural, economic, or both?

Misogyny and Violence Against Women

1. Warm-up (5–7 minutes)

Start with broad questions to activate his ideas.

Questions

• What does misogyny mean to you?

• Do you think misogyny has decreased or increased in recent years?

• Is misogyny mostly a cultural problem, a legal problem, or a social problem?

• Do you think younger generations are more aware of gender violence?

Follow-up prompt

“Many people believe misogyny is becoming more visible because of social media. Do you agree?”

2. Key Vocabulary (Useful for a Legal Discussion)

Ask him to explain or use these in sentences.

Core concepts

• Misogyny – hatred or prejudice against women

• Gender-based violence – violence directed at someone because of their gender

• Sexual assault – sexual activity without consent

• Consent – clear agreement to participate

• Victim-blaming – blaming the victim instead of the perpetrator

• Patriarchal structures – systems where men hold power

• Toxic masculinity – cultural expectations of male dominance or aggression

• Systemic sexism – discrimination embedded in institutions

Legal vocabulary (good for a lawyer)

• prosecution

• criminal liability

• aggravating circumstances

• impunity

• judicial precedent

• legal framework

Quick practice

Ask:

“Do you think the legal framework in Brazil adequately addresses gender-based violence?”

3. Reading Input (Short Discussion Text)

You can read this with him and then discuss.

Short Article

Misogyny continues to influence societies around the world, often appearing in subtle forms such as stereotypes, discrimination, and online harassment. However, in some cases it escalates into extreme violence, including sexual assault and femicide.

In recent years, social movements and digital activism have brought more visibility to gender-based violence. Many young people are now discussing consent, equality, and toxic masculinity more openly than previous generations.

Despite this progress, critics argue that legal systems still struggle to respond effectively. Victims often face stigma, victim-blaming, and long judicial processes. As a result, many activists argue that legal reforms must be accompanied by education and cultural change.

4. Critical Thinking Questions (Main Discussion)

These questions will push an advanced-level conversation.

Society

• Why does misogyny still exist in modern societies?

• Do you think misogyny is learned through culture, family, or media?

Law

• Do legal punishments effectively prevent gender-based violence?

• What role should the legal system play in changing social behavior?

Social Media

• Has social media helped fight misogyny or made it worse?

• Do online communities sometimes normalize violence against women?

Generational Change

• Are younger men more aware of gender equality than previous generations?

• How can education help reduce misogyny?

Ethical Reflection

• Can laws alone change misogynistic attitudes?

• What responsibility do men have in fighting misogyny?

5. Debate Activity (Great for Lawyers)

Give him a provocative statement and ask him to defend or challenge it.

Statement

“Misogyny is not just a criminal issue—it is primarily a cultural problem.”

Follow-up:

• What kind of public policies could address this problem?

• Should schools teach gender education?

6. Real-World Perspective (Important Question)

Since he is a lawyer, ask:

• Have you ever seen cases related to gender violence in your legal experience?

• What challenges do victims face when seeking justice?

• What reforms could improve the legal system?

7. Advanced Language Focus

You can introduce some complex expressions.

Useful phrases

• “From a legal standpoint…”

• “There is a growing body of evidence that…”

• “One could argue that…”

• “This raises an ethical dilemma…”

• “The root of the issue lies in…”

Practice:

Ask him to summarize his opinion using at least two expressions.

8. Final Reflection Question

End the class with a powerful question:

“What concrete actions can societies take today to reduce misogyny and protect future generations of women?”

Level: B1–B2 (Lower–Upper Intermediate)
Profile: Lawyer
Time: 50–60 minutes
Focus: Speaking, Argumentation, Vocabulary

🎯 Objectives

By the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

• Talk about online relationships and loneliness

• Express opinions clearly and politely

• Discuss simple legal and ethical ideas

• Use key vocabulary in arguments

🔹 1. Strong Opening (Simple but impactful)

Start with a clear statement:

“Today, some online platforms are not only about content, but also about personal messages and relationships.”

Then ask:

• “Do you think this changes how we see these platforms?”

• 
  

👉 If needed, help with sentence starters:

• “I think it changes because…”

• “In my opinion, there is a risk of…”

Guide to these ideas:

• People send direct messages

• Communication is more personal

• There is a feeling of connection

👉 Support phrases:

• “It is different because…”

• “Now users can…”

🔹 3. Loneliness & Motivation

Ask:

• “Why do people use these platforms?”

• 
  

• “Do you think loneliness is a reason?”

• 
  

Follow-up:

👉 Support phrases:

• “Some people may feel…”

• “This can lead to…”

🔹 4. Legal Angle (Simplified but professional)

Ask:

• “Do you think there should be rules for this kind of interaction?”

• 
  

More guided:

• “If a person believes the relationship is real, is that a legal issue?”

• 
  

• “Can this be considered manipulation?”

👉 Support phrases:

• “From a legal point of view…”

• “This could be considered…”

• “There should/shouldn’t be regulation because…”

🔹 5. Ethical Discussion

Ask:

• “Is it right to make money from emotional attention?”

• Challenge:

• “Who is more responsible: the platform, the creator, or the user?”

👉 Support phrases:

• “I believe it is ethical/unethical because…”

• “The responsibility should be on…”

🔹 6. Gender & Power (Simplified)

Ask:

• “Do you think some people are more vulnerable than others?”

• teenagers are more vulnerable and people who have a tendency to addiction/ dependencies.

  
  

👉 Support phrases:

• “In my opinion, ___ has more power because…”

🔹 7. Future Question (Closing)

Ask:

• “Do you think this type of interaction will grow in the future?”

• “Should governments control it?”

• 
  

👉 Encourage longer answers:

• “In the future, I think…”

• “It will probably…”

🧩 Key Vocabulary (with simple definitions + examples)

These are your “target words” — encourage her to use at least 4–5 during discussion.

1. Emotional dependency

👉 When someone feels they need another person emotionally

• “Users can develop emotional dependency on creators.”

2. Online relationship

👉 A connection between people on the internet

• “Some users think they have a real online relationship.”

3. Manipulation

👉 When someone controls or influences another person unfairly

• “This could be a form of manipulation.”

4. Consent

👉 Permission or agreement

• “Both sides give consent, but is it fully informed?”

5. Exploitation

👉 Using someone for personal benefit (often unfairly)

• “Some people see this as exploitation.”

6. Responsibility

👉 Who is accountable for something

• “The platform has some responsibility.”

7. Regulation

👉 Rules created by the government

• “There should be more regulation in this area.”

8. Digital intimacy

👉 Feeling close to someone online

• “Digital intimacy can feel very real.”

🗣️ Mini Speaking Task (Very useful)

Ask to answer:

“Do you think platforms like these are more harmful or beneficial to society and what could be optional for the people who are vulnerable to loneliness?

👉 Require:

• At least 2 vocabulary words

• At least 2 argument phrases

💬 Argumentation Support (VERY important for her profile)

Give her this structure:

• “First of all, …”

• “Another important point is…”

• “However, …”

• “In conclusion, …”

Is a four-day week the future of work?
Based on What in the World

🎯 Objectives

By the end of the class, the student will:

• Analyze the impact of a four-day workweek

• Express nuanced opinions using advanced structures

• Compare international trends with Brazil

• Build structured arguments and counterarguments

🔥 Warm-up (5–8 min)

Ask:

• How productive are you during a typical week?

• Do you think long hours = better results?

👉 Push further:

• “Is productivity about time or efficiency?”

🧠 Vocabulary Upgrade (10–12 min)

Go beyond definitions—focus on usage in arguments:

• Burnout → “Many employees are at risk of burnout due to long hours.”

• Productivity gains → improvements in output

• Work-life balance → “a better balance leads to higher satisfaction”

• Pilot scheme → British English alternative to “pilot program”

• Compressed schedule → same hours, fewer days

• Labor reform → changes in employment laws

👉 Practice:
Student must connect 2 ideas:

• “A four-day week could improve work-life balance, which may reduce burnout.”

🎧 Listening (10–15 min)

From BBC World Service

Focus:

Instead of just understanding, ask the student to interpret:

• What surprised you the most?

• Do you think these results are realistic long-term?

💬 Advanced Comprehension

• What assumptions are companies making when they test a four-day week?

• Are the results universally applicable? Why or why not?

• What limitations can you identify in these trials?

🧩 Language Focus (Key Upgrade)

1. Hedging (softening opinions)

• “It seems that…”

• “There is some evidence that…”

• “This might suggest that…”

2. Conditionals (real + hypothetical)

• “If companies reduce working days, productivity might increase.”

• “If Brazil were to adopt this model, it could face challenges.”

3. Contrast & Complexity

• “Although productivity increased, some sectors struggled.”

• “While this works in theory, in practice it may be difficult.”

🌎 Brazil Deep Dive (15–20 min)

Now push into critical thinking about Brazil:

Ask:

• To what extent is Brazil ready for this shift?

• Would this increase inequality between sectors?

• Could this benefit only white-collar jobs?

👉 Force structure:

• “From an economic perspective…”

• “Socially speaking…”

• “In the long run…”

⚖️ Structured Debate (20 min)

Roles:

• Student → Government advisor (pro policy)

• Teacher → Business leader (against policy)

Add REAL debate structure:

Student must include:

1. Main argument

2. Example or evidence

3. Counterargument + response

Example model:

“Although some industries may struggle, a four-day workweek could improve overall productivity. For example, trials in other countries show employees are more focused. While critics argue that costs may increase, this could be offset by higher efficiency.”

🧠 Critical Thinking Challenge

Ask:

• “Is this policy realistic, or is it idealistic?”

• “Who wins and who loses in this model?”

🗣️ Final Speaking Task (Advanced)

Scenario: Brazil in 2027 adopts a four-day workweek

Student must discuss:

• Economic impact

• Social impact

• Personal impact

• Risks and unintended consequences

👉 Push for:

• At least 3 structured arguments

• Use of hedging + conditionals + contrast

✍️ Writing Homework (Upgraded)

Essay (150–200 words):
“Should Brazil adopt a four-day workweek?”

Must include:

• Introduction with clear opinion

• 2 arguments + 1 counterargument

• Conclusion

⚖️ Discussion Lesson:

Are Landline Phones Making a Comeback?

Time: 60–75 minutes

Focus: Argumentation, legal reasoning, societal analysis

Theme: Technology, Attention, Regulation, Digital Rights

🎯 Objectives

By the end of the lesson, the student will:

• Build structured arguments about technology and society

• Discuss regulation, responsibility, and individual rights

• Use advanced vocabulary in a legal/social context

• Defend and challenge ideas through debate

🔥 1. Warm-up (5–10 min)

Start with personal + societal reflection:

• How often do you check your phone daily?

• Do you think people are addicted to smartphones?

• Should excessive phone use be considered a public issue?

👉 Provocative question:

“Should governments regulate smartphone usage the same way they regulate drugs or gambling?”

Push:

• “On what legal basis?”

• “Would that violate personal freedom?”

📖 2. Context & Framing (5 min)

Present the topic clearly:

“In a world dominated by smartphones, some people are turning back to simpler technologies like landline phones to reduce distraction and regain control of their attention.”

Key idea:

• “Attention economy” → companies compete for user attention as a valuable resource

Frame as a legal/social dilemma:

• Is smartphone overuse a private choice or a public concern?

💬 3. Advanced Vocabulary (Legal & Analytical)

Encourage precise usage:

⚖️ Core Legal Concepts

• Regulation – government control over activities
  “The regulation of tech companies is increasing worldwide.”

• Liability – legal responsibility
  “Should platforms have liability for addictive design?”

• Informed consent
  “Do users truly give informed consent when using apps?”

• Consumer protection
  “Smartphone design may require stronger consumer protection laws.”

• Right to privacy
  “Constant connectivity may undermine the right to privacy.”

🧠 Conceptual Language

• Digital addiction

• Behavioral design / persuasive technology

• Loss of autonomy

• Surveillance capitalism

• Public health concern

• Freedom vs control

👉 Quick practice:

Ask the student to:

• Define 2–3 terms in their own words

• Give a real legal example (even hypothetical)

⚡ 4. Deep Discussion (25–30 min)

Push for structured legal-style arguments:

🔹 Core Questions

1. Are smartphones designed to be addictive—or is it just user behavior?

2. Should tech companies be legally responsible for user addiction?

3. Is reducing phone use a personal responsibility or a regulatory issue?

4. Could returning to simpler technologies (like landlines) be a real solution?

💣 Debate Scenarios

Scenario 1: The “Retro Phone” Movement

A company promotes landline-style devices to reduce smartphone addiction.

• Is this a genuine solution or just a marketing strategy?

• Should governments support such initiatives?

Scenario 2: Regulation of Apps

A law requires apps to limit screen time and reduce addictive features.

• Is this protection or overreach?

• Would it survive constitutional/legal scrutiny?

Scenario 3: Employer Control

A company requires employees to use only basic phones during work hours.

• Is this legal?

• Does it violate personal freedom or privacy?

👉 Constant push:

• “What’s the legal justification?”

• “What rights are involved?”

• “What would be the counterargument?”

• “What precedent could apply?”

🧩 5. Mini-Debate (10–15 min)

Motion:

“Smartphone addiction should be regulated by law.”

Roles:

• Student = Defense or Opposition

• You = Opponent

Structure:

• Opening argument (1–2 min)

• Rebuttal

• Final statement

👉 Challenge with:

• “Where do we draw the line between freedom and protection?”

• “Is this enforceable in practice?”

✍️ 6. Writing Task (10–15 min)

Task (150–200 words):

“Should governments regulate smartphone usage to protect users’ attention and mental health?”

Encourage:

• Clear position

• At least one counterargument

• Use of legal vocabulary

💡 Optional Extension

Ask:

• “If you had to draft a law regulating smartphone use, what would it include?”

“Your Kid’s Next Best Friend Might Not Be Human”

Level:

Advanced (B2–C1)

Time:

60–90 minutes

Focus:

Deep discussion, critical thinking, advanced vocabulary, reflective writing

Theme:

AI companions, loneliness, emotional connection, technology and society

🎯 Lesson Objectives

By the end of the class, the student will:

• Discuss the emotional and ethical impact of AI companions

• Learn and actively use advanced vocabulary

• Reflect critically on modern relationships and loneliness

• Develop complex spoken opinions

• Produce a deep argumentative piece of writing

🔥 1. Warm-up Discussion (10 min)

Discussion Questions

• Can a machine become someone’s best friend?

• Why are teenagers becoming emotionally attached to AI?

• Is loneliness increasing in modern society?

• Why do people sometimes prefer talking to technology instead of humans?

• Could AI relationships become normal in the future?

• Would you trust an AI with your emotions or secrets?

🧠 2. Vocabulary Exploration (10–15 min)

Core Vocabulary

• companionship

• emotional dependence

• fulfillment

• isolation

• attachment

• vulnerability

• artificial intimacy

• validation

• alienation

• substitute

• ethical concerns

• dependency

• authenticity

• manipulation

• social withdrawal

Vocabulary Tasks

Task 1

Ask the student to:

• define the words in their own words

• explain whether the word has a positive, negative, or neutral meaning

Task 2

Choose 5 words and create advanced sentences connected to:

• technology

• relationships

• loneliness

• modern society

Task 3

Discussion with vocabulary:

• Which words best describe modern society?

• Can AI provide authentic companionship?

• What is the difference between attachment and emotional dependence?

• Could AI become a substitute for real relationships?

📖 3. Reading & Deep Discussion (20 min)

Article:

“The Rise of Artificial Companionship”

A growing number of teenagers are forming emotional connections with artificial intelligence companions. According to recent research by Common Sense Media, one third of American teens use AI chatbots not only for entertainment, but also for emotional support, advice, and companionship.

For many young people, AI offers something that human relationships sometimes cannot: constant availability without judgment. AI companions listen patiently, respond instantly, and adapt to users emotionally. In a world where loneliness and anxiety are increasingly common, this kind of interaction can feel comforting and deeply personal.

However, experts are beginning to question the psychological consequences of these relationships. Some researchers worry that excessive interaction with AI may reshape the way young people communicate with others in real life. If teenagers become emotionally dependent on artificial companionship, they may struggle to develop empathy, patience, and social resilience in human relationships.

Another concern is authenticity. Even when AI appears emotionally intelligent, it does not truly feel emotions. Critics argue that these systems simulate empathy rather than experience it. As a result, some fear that society may become more emotionally isolated while believing it is more connected than ever.

On the other hand, supporters argue that AI companions may help individuals who suffer from loneliness, depression, or social anxiety. For some users, talking to AI can be easier than opening up to another person. In certain situations, AI may even encourage people to seek real emotional support.

The growing popularity of AI companions raises difficult ethical questions. If technology becomes capable of fulfilling emotional needs, what will happen to traditional friendships, romantic relationships, and family connections? More importantly, what does it reveal about modern society that so many people are searching for emotional comfort in machines?

💬 4. Reading Comprehension & Critical Thinking (20–25 min)

Comprehension Questions

• Why are teenagers attracted to AI companions?

• What emotional needs does AI fulfill?

• Why are experts worried about emotional dependence?

• What does the article say about authenticity?

• How could AI reshape social behavior?

• What ethical concerns appear in the text?

Critical Thinking Questions

Human Relationships

• Are human relationships becoming emotionally exhausting?

• Why might teenagers prefer AI over real people?

• Does modern society encourage loneliness?

Ethics & Technology

• Should AI companions for minors be regulated?

• Could companies manipulate emotionally vulnerable teenagers?

• Is emotional attachment to AI morally dangerous?

Society & Philosophy

• If something feels emotionally real, does it matter that it is artificial?

• Can fake empathy still provide real comfort?

• What does AI companionship reveal about modern society?

🗣️ 5. Advanced Speaking Activity (10–15 min)

Debate Statement

“AI companions are solving loneliness while simultaneously destroying human connection.”

The student must:

• agree or disagree

• defend their opinion

• give examples

• discuss future consequences

✍️ 6. Deep Writing Activity (20–30 min)

Main Writing Prompt

“Are AI companions helping humanity or replacing it?”

Instructions:

• Write 250–400 words

• Use at least 8 vocabulary words from class

• Include:

  • personal opinion

  • ethical concerns

  • emotional analysis

  • possible future consequences

Alternative Writing Prompts

• “Will future generations prefer AI relationships?”

• “Technology is changing the meaning of friendship.”

• “Why are humans emotionally connecting with machines?”

• “Can artificial intimacy replace real emotional connection?”

🎯 7. Final Reflection

Ask the student to finish these ideas:

• “Modern society creates alienation because…”

• “AI becomes dangerous when…”

• “Authentic relationships require…”

• “One ethical concern about AI is…”

• “People seek validation online because…”

👨‍🏫 Useful Advanced Structures

• “The issue is more complex than it seems.”

• “From an ethical standpoint…”

• “One could argue that…”

• “This raises the question of whether…”

• “Although AI may provide comfort…”

• “The long-term consequences remain uncertain.”

🌍 Closing Question

“If people are becoming emotionally attached to machines, what does that say about the world we created?”

Why are birth rates falling—and why are so many women choosing not to have children?

Lesson goals

By the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

• discuss changing attitudes toward marriage, motherhood, and family

• explain possible reasons for falling birth rates

• express nuanced opinions about personal choice and social pressure

• discuss The Handmaid’s Tale as a cultural reference point

• argue different sides of a social issue

Warm-up (5–10 min)

Start with broad questions:

• Do you think people today see marriage differently than previous generations?

• Do you think people today see parenthood differently?

• Why do you think fewer people are having children?

• Do you think having children is still considered “the expected path” in society?

• Has that expectation changed in the last 20 years?

Vocabulary

birth rate

the number of babies born in a population

Example:
Many countries are worried about falling birth rates.

parenthood

the state of being a parent

Example:
People are choosing parenthood later in life.

child-free

choosing not to have children

Example:
Some couples decide to remain child-free.

social expectation

something society expects people to do

Example:
For many women, motherhood has long been a social expectation.

pressure

the feeling of being pushed toward a decision

Example:
Many people feel pressure to have children.

fertility

the ability to have children

Example:
Fertility often becomes part of public conversations about birth rates.

autonomy

the right to make your own decisions

Example:
Many women want autonomy over their bodies and life choices.

demographic change

changes in the population

Example:
Governments are adapting to demographic change.

Reading text 1

Why Are Birth Rates Falling?

Not long ago, many people worried the world was becoming overpopulated. Today, the conversation has changed. In many countries, especially in Europe, North America, and East Asia, birth rates are falling.

Governments often treat this as a crisis.

But some experts argue the real issue is not whether populations are growing or shrinking—it is how societies respond to change.

There are many reasons why people are having fewer children.

Some people delay having children because of career goals, financial insecurity, housing costs, or the desire for stability.

Others simply do not want children.

For many women, motherhood is no longer seen as the only possible future. More women today openly question whether they want children at all, and more feel able to make that choice for themselves.

At the same time, many people still feel social pressure—from family, culture, or relationships—to become parents.

The conversation is no longer only about birth rates.

It is also about freedom, identity, economics, and what people want their lives to look like.

Discussion questions – Part 1

• Why do you think birth rates are falling?

• Do you think this is a problem?

• Why are governments worried about low birth rates?

• Is choosing not to have children becoming more socially accepted?

• Do women still experience more pressure than men around this topic?

• Can someone live a complete life without becoming a parent?

Reading text 2 – The Handmaid’s Tale (short summary)

The Handmaid’s Tale – A Story About Power and Reproduction

The Handmaid's Tale tells the story of a future society called Gilead.

In this world, fertility has become rare, and very few women are able to have children.

Because of this crisis, women’s bodies become controlled by the state.

Some women, called Handmaids, are forced to have children for powerful families.

The story explores power, gender, control, religion, freedom, and reproductive rights.

Although it is fictional, many people connect it to real conversations happening today—especially about women’s rights, motherhood, bodily autonomy, and who gets to decide what women should do with their bodies.

For many viewers, the series feels disturbing because it exaggerates real social fears that already exist.

Discussion questions – Part 2

• Why do you think The Handmaid’s Tale has had such a strong impact on audiences?

• Why does fertility become political in the story?

• Why does the series connect so strongly with modern debates about women’s rights?

• Why can motherhood be both deeply personal and deeply political?

• Why do you think stories like this create strong reactions?

Debate activity

Statement 1

“Society still assumes that women will eventually become mothers.”

Agree or disagree?

Why?

Statement 2

“Governments should not be concerned with falling birth rates—it’s a private decision.”

Agree or disagree?

Statement 3

“Women today have more freedom to choose not to have children, but they are still judged for it.”

Agree or disagree?

Useful language for argumentation

Giving an opinion

• I think one of the main reasons is…

• From my perspective…

• It seems to me that…

• I would argue that…

Adding nuance

• It’s more complicated than that.

• It depends on the cultural context.

• There are economic reasons, but also emotional ones.

• It’s not only about choice—it’s also about opportunity.

Agreeing

• I completely agree with that.

• That’s a very valid point.

• I can definitely see that.

Disagreeing

• I’m not sure I agree entirely.

• I see that differently.

• I understand the argument, but…

Final reflection (2–3 minutes uninterrupted speaking)

Prompt:

“Why do you think more women today are questioning motherhood—and what does that say about society?”

Possible angles:

• relationships

• career

• independence

• money

• identity

• mental load

• freedom

• changing expectations

• fear of the future

• climate anxiety

• personal desire vs social pressure

Objectives

• Discuss the impact of Artificial Intelligence on society.

• Express opinions, concerns, and predictions about technology.

• Use advanced vocabulary related to technology, business, and public opinion.

• Understand and discuss a news-related text.

• Practice critical thinking and debate skills.

Warm-Up Discussion

1. How often do you use AI tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini, or Copilot?

2. What tasks do you use AI for?

3. What are the biggest benefits of AI?

4. What worries people about AI?

5. Do you trust information generated by AI? Why or why not?

Pre-Reading Vocabulary

• distrust

  Lack of confidence or trust.

• workplace

  A place where people work.

• disapproval

  A negative opinion about something.

• spread

  To continue growing or expanding.

• rely on

  To depend on something.

• progress

  Development or advancement.

Americans Are Turning Against AI. That May Not Slow It Down.

Even though more and more people are using Artificial Intelligence in their daily lives, opinion polls in the United States show that AI has become increasingly unpopular.

Many Americans worry about issues such as job losses, privacy concerns, misinformation, and the growing influence of large technology companies. As a result, public distrust of AI is rising.

However, despite these concerns, AI continues to expand rapidly. Businesses are investing billions of dollars in AI technologies, and many companies are integrating AI into their products and services.

The stock market has also become heavily dependent on the success of major AI companies. Investors believe AI could transform industries ranging from healthcare and education to finance and entertainment.

In a discussion between journalist Katty Kay and technology expert Nilay Patel, the central question is whether growing public skepticism can slow down AI’s development—or whether the technology has already become too important to stop.

Reading Comprehension

Multiple Choice

1. What does the article suggest about public opinion of AI?

   a) It is becoming more positive.

   b) It is becoming more negative.

   c) It has not changed.

   d) Nobody uses AI.

2. Why are some people worried about AI?

   a) It is too expensive.

   b) It is difficult to access.

   c) Concerns about jobs, privacy, and misinformation.

   d) It only works in large companies.

3. Why are investors interested in AI?

   a) They believe it could transform many industries.

   b) AI companies pay high salaries.

   c) AI is already regulated.

   d) AI is becoming less important.

Short Answers

1. What are some advantages of AI?

2. Why might public distrust continue to grow?

3. Do you think AI development can be slowed down? Why or why not?

Useful Language for Discussion

Expressing Opinions

• In my opinion,...

• From my perspective,...

• I believe that...

• It seems to me that...

• I’m convinced that...

Agreeing

• I completely agree.

• That’s a good point.

• I couldn’t agree more.

• Absolutely.

Disagreeing

• I’m not sure I agree.

• I see it differently.

• That’s one way to look at it, but...

• I understand your point; however...

Making Predictions

• AI is likely to...

• I expect AI will...

• There’s a strong possibility that...

• AI could eventually...

Critical Thinking Discussion

1. Should governments regulate AI more strictly?

2. Could AI replace teachers, doctors, or lawyers?

3. What jobs are most at risk because of AI?

4. Are people afraid of AI because they don’t understand it?

5. Would you trust an AI to make important decisions?

6. Is AI improving society or creating new problems?

7. Do technology companies have too much power?

8. What could the world look like in ten years if AI continues to develop rapidly?

Debate Activity

Statement: “The benefits of AI outweigh the risks.”

Arguments for the statement

• AI increases productivity.

• AI helps solve complex problems.

• AI creates new industries and jobs.

• AI improves healthcare and education.

Arguments against the statement

• AI threatens jobs.

• AI spreads misinformation.

• AI may invade privacy.

• AI could increase the power of large corporations.

After the debate, state your final position and justify it.

Advanced Vocabulary Extension

• skepticism

  There is growing skepticism about AI’s long-term effects.

• innovation

  AI is driving innovation across many industries.

• regulation

  Governments are discussing AI regulation.

• ethical

  There are ethical concerns regarding AI-generated content.

• bias

  AI systems can sometimes show bias.

• automation

  Automation may change the future of work.

• transparency

  Companies should provide more transparency about AI systems.

• accountability

  Who should take accountability when AI makes a mistake?

Speaking Challenge

Give a 2-minute response:

“Artificial Intelligence is one of the most important technological developments of our time. Do you think society is ready for it? Explain your opinion and provide examples.”

Try to use at least:

• 5 vocabulary words from today’s lesson.

• 2 expressions for giving opinions.

• 1 prediction about the future.

Homework (Optional)

• Find a recent news article about AI.

• Write a 150-word summary and give your opinion on the issue.

• Be prepared to discuss it in the next class.