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      <title>Kilwa Kisiwani by Grant b</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que</link>
      <description>Rough Timeline of Heritage projects, papers and outputs at Kilwa Kisiwani</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2022-09-09 13:58:23 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2026-03-15 07:22:56 UTC</lastBuildDate>
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      <item>
         <title>1981 - Unesco inscription </title>
         <author>grantbettinson</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360565207</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/144/" />
         <pubDate>2022-10-28 12:49:33 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360565207</guid>
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         <title>2018 -2019 - CONCH Project</title>
         <author>grantbettinson</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360567465</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.conchproject.org/about" />
         <pubDate>2022-10-28 12:51:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360567465</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>2005 -2009 - Zamania project </title>
         <author>grantbettinson</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360569424</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://zamaniproject.org/site-tanzania-songo-mnara.html#header5-bz" />
         <pubDate>2022-10-28 12:52:51 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360569424</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>2019 -2021 - Cyark / google heritage </title>
         <author>grantbettinson</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360573165</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.cyark.org/projects/kilwa-kisiwani/overview" />
         <pubDate>2022-10-28 12:55:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360573165</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>1974 Chittick Excavations </title>
         <author>grantbettinson</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360827245</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/aksum_ba_2015/object.cfm?object_id=1196834" />
         <pubDate>2022-10-28 15:57:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360827245</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>2002–2005  Rehabilitation and Promotion of Kilwa Ruins</title>
         <author>grantbettinson</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360859381</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br></div><div>Taken from DOI : 10.1080/0067270X.2017.1396665</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Funding source and project</strong></div><div><strong>cost</strong></div><ul><li>French Government</li><li>Japanese Government</li><li>Tanzanian Government</li><li>UNESCO</li></ul><div>(US$ 800,000)<br><strong><br>Initial project objectives</strong></div><ul><li>To rehabilitate the Rest House, Husuni Kubwa Palace, Old Fort and Small Domed Mosque and Great Mosque</li><li>Installation of solar power and radio call in the Rest House</li><li>To improve site accessibility, safety and understanding</li><li>To train local youths in conservation and maintenance techniques</li></ul><div><br><strong>Outcomes</strong></div><ul><li>Rest House rehabilitated</li><li>Solar power and radio call installed in the building</li><li>Emergence restorations undertaken at several monumental ruins</li><li>Twenty youths (13 men and seven women) trained in</li><li>masonry and stone-cutting</li><li>Information panels installed at Kilwa Kisiwani</li></ul><div><br></div><div><strong>Problems/challenges reported<br></strong><br></div><ul><li>The majority of the activities were implemented by experts from outside Tanzania.</li><li>Local people complained of low wages</li><li>The rest house functioned for approximately two years, but was later abandoned</li><li>Both solar power and radio call are no longer in place; youths, some of whom were part of the project, reputedly stole them</li></ul>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-10-28 16:22:28 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360859381</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>2005 -2008 Emergency Conservation of Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara Endangered Sites</title>
         <author>grantbettinson</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360860741</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br></div><div>Taken from DOI : 10.1080/0067270X.2017.1396665</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Funding source and project</strong></div><div><strong>cost</strong></div><ul><li>Government of Norway.</li><li>Government of Tanzania.</li><li>UNESCO–Dar esSalaam</li></ul><div>(US$ 1,639,390<br><strong><br>Initial project objectives</strong></div><ul><li>To conduct emergency conservation work, including consolidation and protection of masonry structure atthe Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani andSongo Mnara.</li><li>Creation of erosion protectionstructures at Kilwa Kisiwani.</li><li>Construction of a water reservoir atSongo Mnara</li></ul><div><br><strong>Outcomes</strong></div><ul><li>Construction of shaft kiln.Ruins’Committeeestablished in both Kisiwaniand Songo Mnara.</li><li>Seventeen local peopletrained [five in limeproduction, five in stonecutting and seven inmasonry].</li><li>Construction of anantiquities/ruins committee office at Songo Mnara.</li><li>Sea wall constructed atKilwa Kisiwani.</li><li>The palace, secretary house and Friday mosque inSongo Mnara rehabilitated.</li><li>Two classrooms in KilwaKisiwani primary schoolrehabilitate</li><li>About 3700 seedlings ofCeriups tagalandRhizophora mucronata planted near the Old Fort.</li><li>Water reservoir constructed in Songo Mnara village</li></ul><div><br></div><div><strong>Problems/challenges reported</strong></div><ul><li>Local people did not use the shaft kiln,which later collapsed</li></ul><div><br></div><ul><li>Transfer of money from Dar es Salaam to Kilwa was a major problem because of alack of a bank account at Kilwa</li></ul>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-10-28 16:23:33 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360860741</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>2013 - 2016 Promoting Heritage Resources in Kilwa to strengthen Social and economic Development</title>
         <author>grantbettinson</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360866873</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br></div><div>Taken from DOI : 10.1080/0067270X.2017.1396665</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Funding source and project</strong></div><div><strong>cost<br></strong>The European Union.<br>The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs.<br>The French Ministry of culture and communication<br>(€552,000)<strong><br><br>Initial project objectives</strong></div><ul><li>To identify, protect and promote<br>heritage resources to encourage the<br>development of new income-<br>generating activities for the local<br>population</li></ul><div><br><strong>Outcomes</strong></div><ul><li>An information centre was constructed in KilwaMasoko.</li><li>An inventory of various tourist destinations in Kilwaand beyond completed.</li><li>Six tour guides from Kilwaarea trained.</li><li>Two guest houses constructed.</li><li>Equipment bought,including boats and bicycles</li></ul><div><br></div><div><strong>Problems/challenges reported</strong></div><ul><li>An inventory made is not scientific andgives narrow site information withseveral pictures..</li><li>Most of the project activities were implemented by foreign experts and thefunds were spent on activities outsidethe project area.</li><li>A focus on foreign tourists with little attention paid to domestic tourists.</li></ul><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://craterre.org/actualites:karibu-kilwa:-kilwa-district-heritage-resources/?new_lang=en_GB" />
         <pubDate>2022-10-28 16:28:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360866873</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>2011–2014 -Integrated Preservation at Kilwa Kisiwani and SongoMnara, Tanzania</title>
         <author>grantbettinson</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360875674</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Taken from DOI : 10.1080/0067270X.2017.1396665</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Funding source and project</strong></div><div><strong>cost<br></strong>The Ambassador’s Fundfor CulturalPreservation, UnitedStates of America(US$ 700,000)<br><br><strong>Initial project objectives</strong></div><ul><li>To create a framework for balanceddevelopment.</li><li>To create competing demands of tourism, economic development,social change and heritage preservation</li></ul><div><strong>Outcomes</strong></div><ul><li>70% of the standingmonuments rehabilitatedand preserved.</li><li>24 monuments surveyedand 51 drawings produced.</li><li>Village land-use plan forSongo Mnara completed.</li><li>Coastal management study done and proposals to minimise beach erosion were put in place.</li><li>Kilwa Kisiwani Site digitisation completed</li></ul><div><strong>Problems/challenges reported<br></strong><br>Transfer of money to Lindi sub-treasuryand then to Kilwa sub-station was amajor problem. Sometimes workers werenot paid for six months. One local personwho worked as a casual labourer diedbefore she received her wages. Thisproblem created much enmity betweenlocal people and the site manager</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-10-28 16:35:10 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2360875674</guid>
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         <title>4th June 2020 - Kilwa Bonanza</title>
         <author>grantbettinson</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2408908476</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>2 day Event</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.sdhtanzania.org/omeka/items/show/46" />
         <pubDate>2022-12-05 10:27:30 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>2020 Connected to Kilwa BONANZA </title>
         <author>grantbettinson</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2408910637</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Training women to cook for large scale tourist events and setting up local buisness</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.theescala.org/kilwa" />
         <pubDate>2022-12-05 10:29:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2408910637</guid>
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         <title>2021 Climate vulnerability Index</title>
         <author>grantbettinson</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2408927327</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-12-05 10:46:32 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author>grantbettinson</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2408933418</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-12-05 10:52:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2408933418</guid>
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         <title>2017 paper Mosques at Songo Mnara</title>
         <author>grantbettinson</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2462109349</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-01-30 21:18:14 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2462109349</guid>
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         <title>2018 Paper on socio economics</title>
         <author>grantbettinson</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2462109414</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-01-30 21:18:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2462109414</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>2021 Climate vulnerability Index</title>
         <author>grantbettinson</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/grantbettinson/eqca2805vcd94que/wish/2462109490</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-01-30 21:18:25 UTC</pubDate>
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