Goal 1: to develop grammar / accuracy  ✍🏻

i) to fill in gaps in grammar and become more accurate. 

ii) Work through C1 (Advanced) text book for hometask. "Unit 14 - Business & Economics" & Unit 13 "News & Media"

Goal 2: Develop speaking, reading + listening Skills & Vocab -  🗣

i) develop speaking skills in class.  📂

ii) Listening - to a range of podcasts (BBC4) on diverse topics / business context. To challenge understanding and expand vocab👂

iii) Read a range of articles on different topics to challenge understanding and expand vocab.

iii) Make note of new vocab and review - a system.

Goal 3: Expand knowledge of business / Real Estate / Law

i) Read & discuss about general business news, investments & current affairs.

ii) Discuss real estate, property markets - investment, development, the buying process; specific to Cyprus.

iii) Learn Law Vocab (Using the Law Vocab text book) ✔️

i) Conditional exercises

13/8/24:

i) Watch an episode of "Toast of London" / "Garth Marenghi's"

6/8/24:

i) Read! "Roald Dahl"

ii) Listen to a podcast

23/7/24:

i) Listen to a podcast (10) - tbc

7/6/24:

i) Listen to podcast 9

ii) Grammar: Test English "used to, get used to, be used to"

31/5/24:

i) Read & listen to a podcast

ii)Grammar: Articles & Question formation practice

17/5/24:

i) Read -

ii) Podcast - tbc

iii) Select a video or podcast to discuss - send to Chris

iv) Make a note of new vocab

11/4/24:

i) READ -

ii) PODCAST: "Sliced Bread"

iii) GRAMMAR: Topics "Have" and "clauses of contrast"

28/3/24:

i) READ

ii) PODCAST - tbc

iii) Review vocab

21/3/24:

i) READ:

ii) PODCAST - listening

iii) Review notes / vocab

14/3/24:

i) Grammar: Prepositions - direction.

ii) PODCAST: “Dying of the Ice” 

iii) LAW Vocab: 

iv) READ: “Gladiator” 

V) Writing up new vocab & review 

7/3/24:

i) READ: "Gladiator"

ii) PODCAST (6):

iii) Prepositions - adverbs of time; adverb of place

iv) Review Law Vocab

29/2/24:

i) Prepositions - adverbs of time; adverb of place

ii) READ: send a book

iii) PODCAST (5) "Gapfinders" - Gozny

iv) Law vocab. P. 7

22/2/24:

i) Law vocab: verbs p. 6-7

ii) PODCAST (4) : "Switfonomics"

iii) Review new vocab from class

15/2/24:

i) Law vocab: verbs p. 6-7

ii) PODCAST (3) : "The Man with no Fear"

25/1/24:

i) Read - Book 

ii) Law vocab book 

18/2/24:

i) LAW VOCAB: p. 4, "nouns"

ii) PODCAST: "Comedy of the week"

11/1/24:

i) LAW VOCAB: p. 4, "nouns"

ii) ARTICLE" Prehistoric discovery"

iii) Real estate - find some material to read and discuss. To practice talking about Real estate 

4/1/24:

i) LAW VOCAB: p.3, ex 2 - Adjectives

ii) ARTICLE" Prehistoric discovery"

21/12/23:

i) LAW VOCAB: p.3, ex 2 - Adjectives

ii) ARTICLE" Prehistoric discovery"

iii) Read book: "Bye Bye Big brother"

iv) Xmas Movie

14/12/23:

i) Continue "Law Vocab" book. 

ii) ARTICLE: "Fall of the Roman Empire" - review vocab, answer comp Qs. 

iii) Find an article / info on "real estate" / Cyprus that is useful to discuss.

7/12/23:

i)  LAW VOCAB - Finish "Before you begin" & "Key adjectives" 

ii) PODCAST” “Cold Therapy” + comp Qs. + vocab.

30/11/23:

i) Finish Law vocab before begin. 

ii) Listen to podcast on “Meetings” 

iii) “ARTICLE: “Scientists discover a giant missing “blob of water” in the middle of the Atlantic. “ 

23/11/23:

i) The Bottom Line “Meetings” podcast

ii) General chat. Talk about aims 

iii) Qs to get to know each other 

ii) Discuss topics to study. 

SB - Start! 

Politics,

Culture & identity 

News and media - 

Business and economics 

Danger / Risk 

Real estate  

Sell / agency to sell property in northern Cyprus 

Describe property

Investment -

Buying process 

Development process 

Sales / off plan 

Business in general

Small talk. 

Investments. 

News. 

Current affairs.   

Law vocab

i) Learn 5 new key adjectives for law. Be able to identify meaning and use in a sentence

ii) Discuss what happens at an auction; discuss a range of investments, and offer opinion which you would invest in and why

LAW VOCAB:  “Business Law 1 “ Key Adjectives” . Ex 1-5 

ii)  SB - Unit 14. , p. 123.   "Business and economics" Ex 1-2 

Notes from class:

From the deep sea. 

Interest payments

LTV

Self employed / business owner

Prefer

Loan to Value

What LTV can you get on a mortgage

I can get a 50% LTV

$50k loan vs a $100k property = 50% LTV

Deposit

Equity

30% equity

A 90% mortgage if you are local

An auctioneer 

To auction a flat 

To bid for a lot 

Bidders 

The property value 

The demand is a lot higher than supply

Rich people 

Discuss different aspects of running a company

Talk about how your business is doing

Network and make small talk 

Discuss crime, banks and economics 

Use some loan words 

Take minutes and take part in meetings 

“to co-ordinate” across the organisation

“To anchor the meeting”

“To bond ”

“To articulate both sides of the argument”

“To conclude a survey”

“to stir the meeting”

“To share the agenda”

“To chair a meeting”

“To facilitate the discussion”

“To drive to the decision in 30 minutes”

“To mitigate the concern”

“To submit written feedback on the meeting”

How can water be different?

Why is this significant?

Selected vocab:

A vast, singular expanse of liquid

Uniform

Salinity

To evade detection

To distinguish (between)

An oceanographer

Density

Elusive

To wrap up warm (To put on a lot of clothes to keep warm)

To keep at bay - to avoid, keep away

To harness the power of the cold

A good night’s kip (a good nights sleep)

Circadian rhythm - our body’s natural rhythm, timing vs day and night

Circadian clock - the body clock

Quality of our “shut eye” (our sleep)

Deep sleep

Human physiology

Internal core temperature (of the body)

To look haggard (very tired, ill)

To be dragging (to be tired, slow)

ii) Roman article discuss

Class notes

300 years later than known

with a high level crime

renovation / refurbishment

some person said that

Legal vocab:

void - not having legal force

irreconcilable -

admissible - referring to evidence which a court will allow to be used)

unanimous - where everyone votes in the same way

eligible - able or allowed to do something

irreconcilable - very strong, so that it is not possible for two sides to reach an agreement

gross - serious

reconcilable / to reconcile

deductible - able to be removed

insolvent - not able to pay debts

fidicuary - acting as trustee for someone else, or being in a position of trust

pecuniary - financial

To upend

Startling

To thrive

To probe

Resilient

A trading hub

A thriving node

Amenities

To meet its demise

"It’s unlike anything I’ve ever seen or, really, like anything any scientist has ever seen."

In the profoundly remote Argentina desert, at over 12,000 feet high, and in a place where no roads go, scientists found an exotic world new to science.

Useful vocab:

Profoundly remote

To harbour (harbouring)

A mound

Primitive

Elusive

A lagoon

To traverse

Task:

Write 3 questions that you can ask someone about the article.

persecuted

suppressed

highest average salary

"the cost of living"

they commute from Germany or France

to commute to work - to travel to work

A commuter - a person who commutes

A commute - the journey to work

How is your commute?

Extra-curricular activities -

tax breaks / tax benefits - low tax

Two of us had the certificate

to be dishonest / to deceive

to exaggerate

a nominee / a nomination / to nominate

nominal

solvent / insolvent / insolvency

"everything is in your head"

"A lot of money can be spent on marketing"

"How do you say in English... ? "

"Word-of-mouth" or "a referral"

"7 out of 10"

"how to foster team morale?"

to assess / an assessment - to analyse

to make an assessment

To be good at it

to raise your voice

ii) SB. Unit 14.  p. 124. Ex 1 - 3;

Be able to discuss running a business. 

"an upturn vs a decline" in sales

"a solid client base" vs "loyal customers"

"to be inundated" - "to be flooded"

"overheads" vs "rents"

a minimum wage

"to lay off" vs "to employ"

to float on the stock market / a share flotation

"to be knowledgable"

"when the price is low"

Things can "pick up" / "get better"

to go under - to go bankrupt

to make cut backs - to reduce costs, budget savings

Learn / use 24 (new) words to describe “Discussing business performance” - “How is business going.

Be able to talk about “cause and effect” - explaining business conditions. 

p. 4 "Business Law 2: Key nouns"

ii) Real Estate - item to discuss?

iii) SB: Make a quick review of the phrases from last week.  

WB, unit 14, p. 82, Ex 1. 

Be able to listen to a conversation and write down the phrases that were used to express certain ideas. 

SB. Unit 14.3  p. 125. Ex  4-5 

Better safe than sorry

To panic over nothing

How are things your end? (of the phone)

"the little one"

to babble away to yourself - "baby talk"

"that is a (bit of a) pain

"Don't count your chickens yet" -

"you have to look on the bright side" - to be optimistic

"all things considered" - taking everything into account.

"to come round to something" - to accept eventually

Class notes:

Heavy rain

Listen to this bizarre (short) detective comedy show written by a chat bot (AI), and turned into a show (by real people).

It’s truly bizarre. Can you follow the dialogue and understand? 

i) Crypto "talk"

It is managed by the bank

at the early the stage

ii) "Real estate"

Everything was being sold

To get it out of RU

In Europe

Some work well

They don't do anything

They do nothing

1 - Days & times:

"The coldest weather we got was 7 degrees at night / during the night"

"During the day, it is normally 12 degrees"  

At night / during the night

In the day / during the day

In the morning / afternoon / evening

During the morning / afternoon / evening.

"Come the afternoon" (by the time of the afternoon)

"Often come (the) evening"

I have a very intense job so come the evening i am usually very tired.

At weekends / at the weekend

What did you do at the weekend?

What did you do last weekend?

What are you going to do this weekend?

"This weekend coming"

During the weekend

Last / next / this + time or date

This weekend

last weekend

Next week

This Monday

Last Monday

Next Monday

On + day

On Monday

On Tuesday

"On Monday" vs "on Mondays"

"On Monday" - this Monday, this week.

"On Mondays" - every Monday, routine.

"This weekend, I am going to go to the beach"

*******

Today we have 1-19 degrees 

‘All year long” - “all year round” 

"It is warm in Lisbon all year round"

Tenerife is a little bit hotter in summer. 

I haven’t understood - only 2 words --> I didn't understood 2 words only

Present perfect vs past simple

Some words are already known for me (to be)

A Portuguese lawyer

We are vulnerable to the sun's UV

A lot of people are moving (to be)

More than half are likely to get skin cancer in the next tens years.

Locals have adapted to these weather conditions.

All my clients are writing to me (present simple vs continuous) - all write to me

Use present simple for general truths

I am having my training classes --> I have training classes on Saturdays

I usually have a Portguese language class (article)

"I have 3 boxing sessions a week"

"I have boxing training twice a week on Tuesdays and Saturdays"

Past simple v present perfect - to do

Present simple vs present continuous

Conditionals

Adverbs of place

Missing out "to be"

Vocab:

used to, to be used to, to get used to

Studied:

i) LAW VOCAB: Latest?

to indemnity / indemnity / PI Insurance - Professional indemnity insurance

liquidity / liquid

to undertake

to adjudicate

size / square footage

Unfurnished / furnished

to be entitled

to mediate

to appoint / appointed

to draft

To assemble / to put together

To Disassemble / To take apart

ii) Practising "Small Talk”

Be able to make business small talk

Be able to ask a range of small talk questions 

SB, p. 125, ex 6-8

Questions for small talk

1 - How is business?

How's business going?

How is your company doing?

How is the company doing / getting on ?

2 - How did you get the job?

3 - What do you think of the current economic situation?

4 - How are your children / kids getting on?

How are your kids doing?

Dire - very bad

to sink

"The easiest to understand are from... "

"it is very easy to understand". (don't miss out - to be / is)

"politics" - pronunciation

"There is no perfect place for everyone" - agreement

"There are a lot of nice location" (don't miss - "there")

"He told that --> "He said" - use "to say" not "to tell"

It's a film" - missing article

Football pitch

' *** Word choice ***

"Also interesting thing" - not complete "The other interesting thing is..."

iii) "Business Conversation practice: (didn't do)

Be able to have conversations for different business functions (role play)

SB, p. 125, ex 9

were laid off

have been laid off

sales began to pick up

In danger of going under (to go under)

It is important "to hang on in there "during these tough times

Taking on new staff is essential

We ought to pitch for new contracts

We floated on the stock market in 2014

The upturn in the economy

Aiming to diversify

We have been inundated

He has been in such a long relationship with Victoria.

He is a beekeeper.

ii) Business Small Talk Questions continued

5 - Have you seen it is snowing here?

Have you seen the weather?

6 - How has your week been?

7 - How's your team doing / getting on?

8 - What are you doing this evening?

9 - How was your holiday?

10 - How was your flight?

** Do you fancy going for a pint? - do you want to go for a pint ?

Do you fancy a drink / a pint?

Things are hectic - really busy

Business is hectic

"The" temperature of the water was 17 degrees

When you leave the water, you "feel" warm (present simple)

i) LAW Vocab: 

to invalidate

to ban

to elapse

to defraud - to make a fraud to someone

to disclose - to tell

to waive (payments - to make unnecessary)

to grant

iii) PODCAST: - Discuss the podcast; be able to use the selected vocab to summarise  

Clinically dead

to flatline

Class notes:

We have to collect "it"

We took a cat from a family

It has been a windy week

She used to go for walks

She would enter the house and start meowing / talking a lot

We were watching

She gets bored easily

It's a good story

We "take it in turns"

It is a split screen

"He said something about... " - use "said" not "told"

Be able to have conversations for different business functions (role play)

SB, p. 125, ex 9

To hail / to be hailed as 

To mimic 

To harness 

To occur 

At scale 

In real time 

Under control 

Grid-scale adoption 

Corrective action 

Without + ing verb 

A milestone towards + ING verb 

Capable of + ING verb 

By + ING verb… rather than + ING verb 

https://www.englishpage.com/prepositions/time_prepositions_1.htm

https://www.englishpage.com/prepositions/time_prepositions_2.htm

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/at-in-on-prepositions-time/

https://agendaweb.org/grammar/prepositions-time-exercises.html

ii) LAW, p. 7 -

To ratify / ratified

To blacklist / blacklisted

To default / to be in default

To foreclose / to repossess

To dispute / is disputing

To award / awarded

To subcontract / subcontracted

To infringe / infringed

An episode

iii) SB, Unit 14, p.

Malpractice 

to lengthen

to disclose

to hail

recession

austerity

a stark contrast - a "big" contrast

to ensure

to avert - to stop from happening

To have a stake in something

fraud

account hacking

phishing

money laundering

insider trading

"cook the books"

Tax evasion

Tax avoidance

Class Notes:

She has just got used to being with you

He had nothing to loose

This made me to think

To focus all your energy, time on one idea.

Universal income

They will have "the" possibility to focus on...

"I was" in Rome with my wife

"In" the evening

Check - vocab book  

i) Podcast:

"A sloppy programmer creates a sloppy AI"

Class notes:

"They told that" - to tell / to say

"in the nearest future" - articles

"at the Web Summit" - "at" preposition

"she met some person" - a person / somebody

"Some"

i) "a few" - quantity / plural. A (small) amount of

Do you want some nuts?

Can i have some water please?

ii) "a random / unknown" - dismissive

Some guy came earlier and knocked on the door.

Who was it? Don't know. Just some guy.

to tell "someone" something - I told "him" that we were there

to say is more commonly used.

To set a precedent

a precedent - an example ruling / case to follow

Anglo-Saxon

The host of a party

to do network / to network

at a different speeds

to loose your breath

simulation

hand pads

punch bag / shield

on points of religion

a state stipend (money from the Government)

one third = 1/3

reliable

an orthodox Jew / orthodox Christian

a pilgrimmage

I forget what they "call" it

In "Snatch"

The "boot" of the car

They act "well"

In the "story and characterisation"

iii) “Business Situations” -

 be able to use the selected vocab to describe 6 business situations 

Be able to discuss 8 questions related to business. Explain your views 

SB, p. 128, ex 1-3 

https://www.englishpage.com/prepositions/direction_prepositions_2.htm

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/prepositions-of-movement/

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/prepositions_place_time.htm

To integrate

To orchestrate - to arrange / organise

To squish

To sniff

To determine the composition of the atmosphere

To embrace

To formulate questions

Grand-scale installations

Motivation biases

A geologist

A doodle - a rough drawing

Majestic

An indicator of global warming

The entirety of an artist’s career

A discourse of fear

The process of embodiment

A physician

A clinician

To reassure / to be reassured

To rock up - to arrive (informal, British)

To deconstruct an image

To recur

To be entangled

To detect

Unconscious bias

To caution

To bug me

To be done with something

i) LAW vocab: 

ii) “Business Situations” -

 be able to use the selected vocab to describe 6 business situations 

Be able to discuss 8 questions related to business. Explain your views 

SB, p. 128, ex 1-3 

iii) Discuss podcast

iv) Review new vocab 

Ex 4-8; "Taking minutes"

Class notes

An agenda

marketing materials

branding

cold-calling

specialised in "tax" cases

a qualified lead

word-of-mouth

a referral

a minute taker

to take minutes

minutes / meeting minutes

AOB - "Any Other Business"

Ex A -

To cut back on something

To be inundated with orders

To relocate to

an upturn in sales

prosecuted for ...

in the region of ...

Ex B

A period of consolidation

A greater diversity of services

a share floatation /

to float a company on the stock market

A full disclosure of the facts

The termination of a contract

lay offs / redundancies

Ex C

An approach

to concede / a concession

Class notes:

Further in land

altitude

in the morning / in the afternoon

I am on an island

I am in Tenerife

To end up toast - to go bust, gone, failed.

To revel in a product - to really enjoy

To emigrate

To migrate

To get away with murder (idiom)

To kill the golden goose (idiom)

To emulate

heyday - best period of success, fame.

a chunky keyboard

a den

a foothold in the market

a CFO - Chief Financial Officer

Inept (adjective)

Demise (noun & verb)

A replica

Ex D - F

Ex D

a dire state

an obscure reason

transparent system

solid evidence

an ongoing dispute

a substantial increase

Ex E

ii) Business Grammar: "The Passive"

iii) PODCAST - listening.

Totalitarian

to lay flowers

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/clauses-contrast-purpose-reason-result/

The weather is variable

These few days

There wasn't any sand

My job is frustrating

A vending machine

*** Pronunciation ***

Contacting

Urgent

Genre

When we make a question we add "do / does" if present

or "did" if past - except questions with "to be" or in the perfect tenses.

Did you like the Usyk fight?

What did you think of the Usyk-Fury fight?

He has an incredibly strong chin

He can "take a punch"

His recovery

His endurance

He is a "beast"

He is "tough"

Most fighters wouldn't survive after a punch

He is very focused / goal-orientated

A "rematch"

Fury wants to get revenge

He is much better technically

During / in the "weigh-in"

"On the other-hand" -

Class notes:

It is getting better

She is always friendly

Cheerful / energetic

A crash

Your body hasn't woken up fully yet

On an empty stomach

We were worried about Usyk's situation

When it is "scolding" hot

snagging - small works to finish on a new property

a bribe -

a "kick-back" - to steal money / to get money back from a business deal

a new patient

very "low" salaries

on "a" trip (article)

He had studied / He was studying UA

He used to be "a" financial director

He decided to be "an" English teacher

People "who" work

switch off their mind

graduates

"The Faculty of Law"

Flu

Some were even "twice as old as me"

I would prepare / I prepared

Caste

The caste system

Hierarchy

A conspiracy theory

without realising / understanding you have committed a crime

Closer

K41

ii) TOPIC: Used to, to be used to, to get used to

iii) "Joke" & Listening

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1-b2/used-to/

1 ) Used to: for past actions

I used to play guitar

Did you use to play guitar?

Useful phrases:

When i was a child / a kid / in school / at university ... I used to

A long time ago, I used to ...

6 years ago, in 2018, i used to ...

2) To be used to :

+ Verb ING

• noun / prounoun

  
  

to talk about habit, condition, state, environment, people - whether they are normal or unusual / not comfortable for us

Condition / environment

"When i went to Bali, I was not used to the pollution, because in the UK, I am used to clear air.

clean air = normal

pollution = not normal for

They are now used to air raid sirens in Kyiv

Activity

I am not used to getting up (verb) so early + Verb ING (to get up so early)

I am not used to early starts (noun)

Person

I am not used to it / him / them

He is not used to me

Are you used to driving on the right side?

What are you used to living in a big city?

Living in a big city, you are used to

3 - To get used to +

The process of to become used to - from no to yes.

They got used to the sirens

They have become used to

We are still getting used to living in Portugal (50-60%)

We have gotten used to living in Portugal (present perfect - 100% finished = we are used to living in Portugal )

Class notes:

Because of the time difference

A constant iritant

Class notes:

polarised

swing states

a peace treaty

rhetoric

to address / He addresses the public

foreign policy

an academic

smart people

inner-circle

older generations

self-funded

Government owned

to be privatised

co-operatively owned

politician

media coverage

most people

To be in favour of something

To be a fan of something

to be opposed to something

to be against something

to have doubts

to have reservations

The positives "outweigh" the negatives

to outweigh

to pass judgement

to be a good idea in practice / in theory

He is "the favourite" to win the race

The Queen's favourite (person)

In my opinion

They minimise their tax

"A nuclear meltdown"

They kept on hiding the problems

politicians

Fusion energy

They like to work in state organisations more so than private organisations.

More "work benefits"

It works pretty "well"

pregnant / a woman who is pregnant

a pregnant woman

Vocab:

26 degrees

guarded

They can't let it go unanswered

In my opinion

ISA - Individual Savings Account (tax free)

Cash ISA

Interest rate

Vocab:

PE - physical education

pull up

chin up

barbell

squat

5 sessions week

bulking - to bulk (to put on muscle / gain muscle)

Muscle mass

heavy set body - big body

stocky - small or medium, strong, big chest

sour cream

to absorb nutrients / vitamins / minerals into the body

more frequent

absortion

garmin watch

belly fat

"love handles"

"muffin top"

cardiovascular health

muscle recovery

"it is not for everyone"

a piece of news

news

an imaginary friend

Grammar:

before "the" war

"at" the same time

To go swimming / We went swimming

a dishwasher

an aging mechanism

a deal with the devil

wrinkles

scientific discoveries / breakthroughs

exoskeleton

into the future

There's not a lot of entertainment

They move really well

martial arts

boxing

Boxercise

all body / full body / whole body conditioning

fencing

calorie expenditure

"Before and after" shots

excess fat

It is good "for" loosing weight

Vocab:

No food "in between"

to pass an electric current through the body

The "milk" aisle

The "meat" aisle / The meat "section"

a few steps "backwards"

mandatory "military service"

They are choosing to leave Latvia

The "smoking area"

She said that

She told me that - to tell someone

a tax treaty

to avoid "double taxation"

it is "progress" tax

indirect taxes

VAT

They were "cut" from the army

To quit your job

a shovel / spade

efficient

"industrial base" - technology, science

Grammar:

They are increasing military now (present continuous)

We have 4 conditionals

0 -3

If + 1st part, 2nd part

"Conditional 0" - a truth, fact, about the present

If + present simple / present simple

"If you heat ice, it melts"

"If you heat water, it boils"

If they earn that much, it encourages to ask for more"

"Conditional 1"

If he invites me, i will go

Even if he invites, I won't go

If + present simple / future simple will + verb -for real, possible situations.

If it rains (present), i won't play tennis.

1C - "Conditional 2"

Supposing they were given a boat, and what would you include in pay?

Supposing ("if") + past simple, would + verb (conditional 2)

We use Conditional 2 to talk about theoretical / imaginary situations in the present.

If I had $3m USD, I would buy a new flat.

If + past simple "had"

would + verb (buy) - hypothetical, conditional

********

Vocab:

Mars Lander

to erupt

an active volcano

a rugged landscape

There weren't many tourists

receipt - after paying

recipe - food instructions

There is a movie on Netflix

There is a lot of information

There are a lot of people

I forget his name all the time (present simple)

A lot of politically exposed people

1 person / 2+ people

"Shall we go?"

"What shall we do?"

A posh accent - loads of money. "I live in Chelsea and own a yacht"

Well-spoken - clear, good, good grammar. Sounds nice.

Vocab notes:

They are influential

To have influence

Ancestors - Great grandma, family history

They fled to Latin America (to flee)

Off-shore tax

to bring up children

a child's "upbringing"

to educate

to discipline

to be taught to write / read

A fictional character

It was "one-sided"

Last night

"Home counties" - these are the counties (Oxfordshire, Essex, Berkshire etc) that border around London.

ii) Vocab - "consequences"

https://wordwall.net/resource/62956778/conditional-2-3-review-spinning-wheel

Grammar:

It is very inspirational / inspiring to be there

After, I became interested in dystopian books

It is not as popular as 10 years ago

Class notes:

A carry-on

A cabin-bag

a castle gate

animal hooves / a hoof

It has a "double meaning"

Dystopia / utopia

A dystopian novel

a totalitarian regime

reproduce naturally

Unit 4 - "Politics"

to discourage

to benefit

Vocab:

upper / lower jaw

wisdom

in advance

global warming

deaths

elderly / older people

in the shade

to get a mortgage

1.5% = "one point five percent"

a fixed rate

early redemption penalty

to redeem (pay off) the mortgage

folkore

ii) C1 - PDF - "The Swiss System"

iii) Halloween listening!

Vocab:

4 border crossings

"Vlad"

How is your real estate job?

Is it going well?

Out of work hours

I often have dreams

"Missed" deadlines

To pass the exam = to succeed.

to fly over a city

To fly above the clouds

"Lucid" dreams - control / aware you are in a dream

A "whirly gig"

Peck top

An owl

Its nest / a bird's nest

A previous "reincarnation"

I don't get scared

Hormonal changes

Natural "testosterone"

Growth hormones

Martial arts - judo, wrestling, Brazilian jiujitsu

a judo / karate "gi" (costume)

Greco-Roman wrestling

George - Jee

Gentlemen - Jeen

Gi - Ggg

Gay - Ggg

Goose & geese - Ggg

Gorge - a deep valley

Gumption - shrewd or spirited initiative and resourcefulness.

"The president would hire almost any young man who had the gumption to ask for a job"

"Follow in your father's footsteps"

"To have dealings with ... people in Indonesia"

To pick up the phone

I couldn't understand

Public feeding stations

A nice, soft, shiny fur coat

A coat of fur

Domestic cats

They evolved from forrest cats.

If there weren't as many cats, there would be more snakes.

"Grammar"

The (most) easiest way to achieve lucid dreams

He uses it in everyday life (3rd person - add "s" in present

I don't have such symbol

It's "an" interesting practice (article)

The owl dropped to the ground.

I didn't see any dogs, but a lot of cats

Vocab:

A fever

To shiver

lung capacity

to be anxious

deep breathing /

To take a deep breath

Hold your breath

to get oxygenated

Cramp / to cramp

Truck drivers

"Long haul" truck drivers

to cool your hand

mystical / fictional

Switzerland

"landlocked"

to run out of patience

during the war

"swing states"

a voter (a person who votes)

to turnout

"A big crowd has turned out tonight"

a (big) voter turnout

the electorate (the "people" / citizens who can vote)

a low quality of life

an obituary

cannon fodder

ammunition

corrosion / rust

reject the "party line"

a counterpart

Vocab:

a cruise

to go on a cruise

a prominent figure (well known, important)

to go to the polls - to vote in an election

a consensus - an agreement, an understanding

a broad consensus - a general agreed, most people agree.

to reach / establish a consensus

To drop out

"When he dropped out from the election"

to have majority of votes

"There is a broad consensus in parliament with regards the new law on immigration. "

historians

Seven hundre

1710 (The year "Seventeen-ten")

1850 (The year "Eighteen-fifty")

a unanimous decision (all agreed)

a split decision (a mix, not all agreed)

a juror / 12 jurors

to cast your vote

to cast a spell

to allege - to accuse

to rig a vote (unfair, not true, cheat)

a landslide

alleged vote rigging

to claim victory - "I win"

to mourn - to be sad about someone's death

to be in mourning (after someone's death)

I am mourning them

He is very "to the point" (precise, short, directly spoken)

An art collector

He sold "at auction"

GRAMMAR:

CHAT GPT took from them

who have never seen before

They were completely blind

Conditional 2:

If it was possible, would you take Elon's space ship to China?

VOCAB:

a hot lead

to abolish

reluctant / reluctance

to mind

optic nerve

to get rid of him

Trump will get rid of Musk

sociopath

someone to be used / a tool to be used

They forbid them from practising accountancy

To forbid

pigeons

PRONUNCIATION

eyes (zz)/ ice (sss)

Podcast:

to be raring to go

to be pumped

the dizzying heights

a film caninster

a flop - a failure

a fad - a trend that passes quickly

It rains more

sane - not mad or mentally ill.

He said that

You can come to believe something if you believe it for long enough

Testimony

a pod of whales

treatment

growth hormones

live in the present

ii) Grammar Challenge

iii) 12 Idioms! Quiz & Discussion topics

VOCAB:

most people

a long haul flight

to receive approval for

night vision

predict the future

He said that he was going to retire

Didn't he loose? Yes, he lost

if I go to bed earlier

brain health

the (pizza) dough / the base

a pizza oven

the (burger) bun

cuisine (kw-zeen)

recipes

veal (deer)

chickens aren't fed on grain as much

"Free range chicken"

pork (meat from pig)

black pudding (blood sausage)

jamon - ham

Iberia - Spain

wagu steak

Grammar:

Avoid doing something

apologise for doing something

to agree to do

to be interested in doing something

to succeed to do something

to talk about doing something *

to think of doing something / to think to take a day

to insist on doing something

to be capable of doing something

to object to doing something *

to look forward to doing something

to discussing doing something

to be used to doing something

to be committed to doing something *

a branch

a sect

an intelligence

a distant relative

He married them to

nephew (boy)

niece (girl)

a prescription

the benefits

Your mum's cousins are your "first cousins once removed". This term comes from being one generation away from the relationship with your mum, who is first cousins with them.

He was a pilot at the WW2

He almost get married to some Royal person.

as we might think

we share a common ancestor

a distant relative

at some stage

we have different gene expressions

a supernova

the heavy elements / metals

the solar system

While she is away

Not changing is a choice

In the end, the biggest risk is not taking one

Vocab:

Inheritance - family wealth

Heritage - cultural, social

dishonest

a reduction

tax deduction

"Investment Insights"

to bolster equities (to grow)

to drive debt and inflation

ESG - Environmental, Sustainability & Governance

a quandary

the cheapest to produce

too narrow

take your (body) measurements

It is not as expensive as you think it would be

a tailor

suit of armour

to have children

skin burns

internal positioning of organs

we had a common ancestor

a supernova

Junk DNA

There's not much difference

Not many toppings / not a lot of toppings

most people

in most cases

non-stop

south of Rome

in the south (of Italy)

in Sicily

It has been proven

Pronunciation

guard