https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Populationcasestudies en-us 2016-05-28 10:14:42 UTC 2016-06-08 08:00:11 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.storage.googleapis.com/portrait/crane_yellow.png ldobbe1 https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Populationcasestudies/wish/112914866 - China has the largest population of any county over 1.3 billion 
- the one child policy was introduced in 1979 to stop rapid population growth, the population was growing at 1.9% each year and would soon become unstable 
- also the famine in 1959 means there was a lack of food to feed the increasing population.
-couples that only have one child are given benefits eg. Longer maternity leave, better housing and free education for the child.

To enforce the policy they:
- made people unable to marry until late 20s
- had granny police watching couples of child bearing age 
- accompanied women to contraception appointments 
- enforced Pay cuts for fellow workers if you broke the policy 

There were exceptions to the policy:
- in some rural areas parents were allowed a second child if the first was a girl or disabled as they needed children to work on the farms (after 1990) 
- if one parent had a disability or both are only children, then couple allowed to have second child so there is enough people to look after the patents
- if you are from a minority group , to stop them going extinct. 
- if both parents only child they were allowed 2 children (after 1990)

Effectiveness:
- the policy prevented up to 400 million births 
- the average number of children a women will have has dropped from 5.7 (1980) to 1.8
- standard of living increased as bonus given to people who followed the policy.
-  some people believe that it was not the just the one child policy that slowed population growth , they think older policy's like leavening longer grabs between children's births were more effective. And that the Chinese people wanted fewer kids as they are now more wealthy

Issues: 
- infanticides 
- one child has to support 2 parents and 4 grandparents 

]]> 2016-05-28 10:17:31 UTC https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Populationcasestudies/wish/112914866 ldobbe1 https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Populationcasestudies/wish/112915215 - in 2005 16% of uk population was over 65 

Causes: 
- people are living longer because of medical advancements and improved standard of living. 
- between 1980 and 2006 life expectancy rose 2.6 years for women and 6.4 years for men.
- lots of baby born in baby boom of 1940s and 1960s. Those born in 1940 are now retired creating a pensioner boom 
- since 1970s the birth rate has reduced, fewer young people means the portion of older people in the population goes up.

Effects:
- more elderly people living in poverty as the working population is not large enough to pay for decent pensions 
- state pension is low but the government is still struggling to pay it as taxes payed by working population is not enough to cover costs.
- the NHS is under pressure as older generation require more medical care the younger generation.

Government strategies:
- the retirement age was raised, thus means people pay taxes for longer and claim less state pensions
-the government encouraged young immigrants to move to the uk, this increased the number of people paying taxes]]> 2016-05-28 10:29:17 UTC https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Populationcasestudies/wish/112915215 ldobbe1 https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Populationcasestudies/wish/112915946 Push factors:
- high unemployment (19%)
- low average wages 
- housing shortages 

Pull factors:
- ease of migration as in 2004 uk government allowed unlimated migration
- more work and higher wages 
- good ecnabe rate as the pound worth a lot of polish currency 

Effects on Poland:
-population fell by 0.3% and the birth rate fell as the only people left were the ageing population
- shortage of workers in Poland which slowed their economy 
- polish economy was bosted by money sent home 

Effects on uk:
- population increased slightly 
- uk economy bosted but money was sent back to poland
- polish shops opened to serve polish communities 
-many polish people are Catholic so Catholic Church attendance increased 

U.K. Management of immigration:
-immigrant from Poland are not limited but they have to register the work they will be doing, this allows birder agencies to jointer how many people are coming in.
- large number of polish immigrants led to complaints by British people as they thought uk services could not cope under all the pressure 
- in response government tightened control of migration of new EU states and they now need preemption from the head office to work in the uk]]> 2016-05-28 10:55:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Populationcasestudies/wish/112915946 ldobbe1 https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Populationcasestudies/wish/113922511 France is using a stronge pro natal policy where it encourages people to have children it make a more favourable dependency ratio 
 The incentives are: 
- three years paid maternity leave which can be used by the mother or the father
- full time schooling from the age of 3 paid by the government 
- day care for children younger than 3 years old is subsidised by the government 
- the more children a women has the early she will be allowed to retire on a state pension ]]> 2016-06-07 11:50:52 UTC https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Populationcasestudies/wish/113922511 ldobbe1 https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Populationcasestudies/wish/113957945 - 32 million people 
- Indians most heavily populated states
- lowest birth rate at 9.4% per year. 

Approach:
- differant from India as it focuses on health care and education. 91% literacy rate compared to indias 61%.
- indias poorest state with an average income of $293 per year keraalns can live nearly as long as americans
- is successful because of two things , 
  1. Political decisions to invest in education and women's health . Almost all villages have access to schools and modern Heath clinics at least 2.5 km away.
   2. Economics, they rely less on farming and more service industries such as tourism.

Comparison with India:
- from late 1970s it has lead India in public services - such as building roads and schools
- rural poverty is the lowest in southern India 
 - women's health and education is the best in India 
- attitudes towards women are positive, more girl then boys in higher education 
- very low infant mortality rate of 10 per 1000 live birth per population. 
- over 95% of babies are born in a hospital

Sustainable development:

- Kerala has controlled the population growth by investing in healthcare and education while still allowing people the chose there won families and size of families. 
- however, in 30 years it looks likes the population could stop growing which could create new problems  ]]> 2016-06-07 15:12:49 UTC https://padlet.com/ldobbe1/Populationcasestudies/wish/113957945