Sprint Group 9 Project by Roshan Thomas https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t en-us 2021-05-11 14:07:28 UTC 2024-11-21 19:48:58 UTC hello@padlet.com ES192 Sprint 2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1517256885 2021-05-12 12:59:33 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1517256885 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1517301521 2021-05-12 13:10:42 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1517301521 TRIZ https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1520610623 2021-05-13 11:19:26 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1520610623 Component Parts https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1520611230 2021-05-13 11:19:57 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1520611230 Data Transmission https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1520612810 - Kwasi]]> 2021-05-13 11:21:13 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1520612810 The Board / Circuit https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1520613758 2021-05-13 11:21:54 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1520613758 Coding https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1520616074 2021-05-13 11:23:47 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1520616074 Physical Attributes https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1520616173 2021-05-13 11:23:51 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1520616173 Weight https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1520634834 2021-05-13 11:35:16 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1520634834 Delivery time of components https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1520637136 2021-05-13 11:36:53 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1520637136 Sketches/programming file oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1524049370 Sketches in Arduino refers to program used to write code.  The code is based on C++ and can be uploaded onto the board.]]> 2021-05-14 09:20:10 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1524049370 Programming structure - Setup() and loop() functions oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1524059850 The programming language is structured around 2 functions for which we write code in. Code written in the void setup() section will only be ran once when the board is powered on or the reset button is pressed. This should be used to up set up any initial variables, libraries and pin codes.
The second section where we write code is the void loop(). This runs after the setup() fucntion has run and repeats indefinitely. This is where the main part of the code controlling the board should be written.
The example below shows the pin corresponding to the LED being set up as an output which allows us to control how it behaves. This only needs to be ran once so it goes in the setup function. In the loop function the code makes the LED constantly swictch on and off with a delay.]]> 2021-05-14 09:29:18 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1524059850 Analog Pins and analogRead() Function oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1524088673 We are using analog sensors so they will be plugged into the analog in pins on the arduino board. When the sensors are taking readings they send a voltage to the analog pin between 0 and 5 volts. This voltage corresponds to the physical quantity the sensor measured e.g for an accelerometer which can measure accelerations between +-3g, an aceleration of 0 (half way between +-3g) would correspond to a voltage value of 1.65V (half way between 0 and 5V) at the analogue pin. Link about accelerometers:
https://www.sparkfun.com/pages/accel_gyro_guide
 
The analogRead() Function can be used to record the voltage at the analog pins where the sensor is connnected. Ardunio maps the read voltage to a value between 0 and 1023. we can use this to find the voltage at the pin and the corresponding physical quantity from the sensor. On the arduino it takes abaout 100 microseconds to read an analogue signal so the maximum reading rate is 10,000 times a second
In the example below, the variable sensorPin is created to storing the number of the analog pin, A0. This makes the code easier to  read and understand. the value from analogRead(sensorPin) is then stored in the variable sensor value.]]> 2021-05-14 09:55:33 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1524088673 oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1524108164 2021-05-14 10:14:13 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1524108164 Math functions and operators oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1524182392 There are many math functions and operators that could be used on the data gathered from the sensors. In particular max() returns a maximum value from a list, Sqrt(), Sq() root and square values, map() can be used to map values to a new range which is useful since arduino maps the analog voltages it reads between 0 and 1023 and simple operators like +,-,/,*. ]]> 2021-05-14 11:21:51 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1524182392 control structures and comparison operators oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1524193444 If statements and comparison operators can be used to excecute code when a certain condition is met. This could be used for finding a maximum value by comparing it to a previously recorded value and if it is larger storing it in a variable.

]]> 2021-05-14 11:29:51 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1524193444 Link to programming reference page: oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1524258189 https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/]]> 2021-05-14 12:06:55 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1524258189 How to read SD cards using Arduino - Roshan https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527511223 Using a formatted SD Card with an Ethernet shield, which has an onboard SD slot. Using the functions setup(), we can create a new file with SD.open() which enables to read and write access to the file, starting at the end. Once opened, use myFile.println() to write a string to the card, which could store the information obtained from the sensors. An examle of the code would look like this:]]> 2021-05-15 21:17:58 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527511223 1. Arduino microcontroller ATMega328 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527527513 A single-chip microcontroller wich will be used to process the data taken from the sensors ]]> 2021-05-15 21:39:30 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527527513 2. Analogue pressure sensor https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527531091 These are sensors that are used to measure the amount of pressure applied, and can be added to the circuit to detect atmospheric pressure changes as the rocket ascends ]]> 2021-05-15 21:44:32 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527531091 Aerodynamics https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527534701 2021-05-15 21:50:01 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527534701 MAX-Q https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527535095 This is when the rocket experiences maximum aerodynamic pressure.]]> 2021-05-15 21:50:34 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527535095 Rocket Equation https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527538138 Lower mass = Higher efficiency]]> 2021-05-15 21:55:00 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527538138 Mass Distribution https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527539668 Payload must be close to centre of mass so rocket remains upright and reaches the theoretical maxium height.]]> 2021-05-15 21:57:13 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527539668 Downward Force at Highest at Max-Q https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527541519 2021-05-15 21:59:56 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527541519 Analogue accelerometer https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527542508 An accelerometer uses a monocrystalline silicon capacitive sensor, to measure the acceleration forces acting on the rocket at various time intervals. This data should help calculate maximum acceleration, maximum height attained and the total time of flight. ]]> 2021-05-15 22:01:13 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527542508 Acceleration at Liftoff https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527543294 2021-05-15 22:02:16 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527543294 Acceleration https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527543992 2021-05-15 22:03:15 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527543992 Calculating Rocket Acceleration https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527544635 2021-05-15 22:03:58 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527544635 Overall Research https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527546641 2021-05-15 22:06:40 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527546641 Payload Circuit https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527548362 This payload circuit should fit inside the model rocket approx 60mm diameter x 120 mm length, with an engine containing a ESTES D12-5 motor.]]> 2021-05-15 22:09:09 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1527548362 link to triz principles: oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1528075828 http://www.triz40.com/aff_Principles_TRIZ.php]]> 2021-05-16 08:21:41 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1528075828 11. Beforehand cushoning oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1528076624 "Prepare emergency means beforehand to compensate for the relatively low reliability of an object."  This could be shown by how all the sensors and other components can be powered through the arduino board which means its acting as a microcontroller and a connection point to distribute power.]]> 2021-05-16 08:22:20 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1528076624 15. Dynamics oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1528079660 "Allow (or design) the characteristics of an object, external environment, or process to change to be optimal or to find an optimal operating condition."
This could be linked to the mass distribution in the rocket. The payload needs to be designed to be as light as possible and placed in an optimal position in the rocket for maximum height.]]> 2021-05-16 08:25:01 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1528079660 6. Universiality oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1528097380 "Make a part or object perform multiple functions; eliminate the need for other parts." This could be shown by how all the sensors and other components can be powered through the arduino board which means its acting as a microcontroller and a connection point to distribute power.]]> 2021-05-16 08:39:24 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1528097380 1. Segmnentation oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1528109392 "Divide an object into independent parts." The circuit is already split into multiple different components. We should take advantage of this during assembly to make sure the circuit is designed efficiently and compact to minimise size.]]> 2021-05-16 08:48:28 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1528109392 Circuit Diagrams: oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1528296095 https://arduinotogo.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/ch3-schematic-arduino-compare-01.png]]> 2021-05-16 11:31:50 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1528296095 connecting pins for Sd card board oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1528346455 https://www.adafruit.com/product/254
SD card board uses  the digital pins on the arduino. When refering which pin to write to for the SD card we use the pin number corresponding to the the pin the CS on the board. ]]> 2021-05-16 12:17:34 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1528346455 Testing - Serial.print() oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1531889665 Seriel.print() can be used to print and plot variables to a monitor in the programming window which can be used to check the equipment is functioning correctly.

serial monitor]]> 2021-05-17 15:53:24 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1531889665 serial plotter oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1531970529 2021-05-17 16:09:40 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1531970529 Buzzer oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1531978798 https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/SURYATEJA/use-a-buzzer-module-piezo-speaker-using-arduino-uno-89df45
Arduino has its own library for controlling buzzers.
"tone(buzzer, 1000) sends a 1KHz sound signal to pin 9, delay(1000) pause the program for one second and noTone(buzzer) stops it." furthermore tone(pin, frequency, duration) allows you to specifiy a duration in ms.]]> 2021-05-17 16:11:21 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1531978798 Pinmode() oliverwright2 https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1534769880 Pinmode() lets you change the behavoiour of a pin, for example setting an analogue pin as an OUTPUT allows is to act as and pin that can supply voltage to other components. This has drawbacks however such as electrical noise when in close proximity to other analog pins in use. https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Foundations/AnalogInputPins]]> 2021-05-18 08:39:45 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1534769880 the sensor might be used in circuit https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1534962330 2021-05-18 10:07:35 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1534962330 Calculation Research https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1535071049 2021-05-18 11:08:22 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1535071049 Physical Specs https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1537335174 2021-05-18 19:53:55 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1537335174 Payload Bay Volume https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1537338522 4.6305e-4 m^3 (5sf)]]> 2021-05-18 19:54:59 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1537338522 Data Obtained from Sensors https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1539194275 The data values from the various sensors in the payload circuit include
  1. Atmospheric Pressure whilst in flight,  measured by the analogue pressure sensor
  2.  Variable acceleration from the accelerometer
This data will be stored into the SD card as a textfile, which can be used for further calculations
]]> 2021-05-19 12:11:56 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1539194275 Calculations using data https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1539216368
  • From the Pressure sensor, we can calculate the maximum/minimum pressure recorded and when this occured.  Other calculations include comparing with the normal atmospheric pressure, and how pressure varies during the time of flight.
  • Potentially also using the Barometric Formula, we could calculate the maximum altitide of the rockect using the fromula P = P0 e(-Mgh/RT)  where h is the change in altitude
    • https://www.math24.net/barometric-formula
    ]]>     2021-05-19 12:19:40 UTC https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1539216368     Data Processing https://padlet.com/roshthomas01rt/en4o6vcygcos1m3t/wish/1539241490 Assuming a parabolic motion, from the data values of variable acceleration, and assuming horizontal thrust is constant we can:
    1. Calculate the maximum acceleration and at which point this occurs based on the data values
    2.  Process data to find the total time of flight, using the inital velocity and angle of projection, using formula        T = (U sinθ) / g https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/projectile-motion
    3. If assuming the angle is 90 degrees (vertical motion), we can calculate the max height when velocity is equal to 0, (by integrating acceleration to find velocity), and the total time of flight as the time taken for displacement to reach 0.


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