https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi en-us 2020-06-24 16:46:49 UTC 2024-07-21 08:53:21 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f928.png samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/638995840 2020-06-24 16:51:20 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/638995840 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/638998137 - acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter at the ganglia presynaptic, and norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter at the postganglionic nerve endings. ]]> 2020-06-24 16:53:26 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/638998137 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/638999916 - acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter at the ganglia presynaptic and postganglionic nerve endings. ]]> 2020-06-24 16:55:04 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/638999916 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639147431 - At Ganglia: Nicotinic 1 or Nn
- At Target cell: Adrenergic receptors]]> 2020-06-24 19:22:34 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639147431 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639148859 - At ganglia: Nicotinic 1 or Nn
- At Target cell: Cholinergic (muscarinic ) receptors ]]> 2020-06-24 19:23:59 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639148859 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639156321 2020-06-24 19:29:58 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639156321 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639157026 2020-06-24 19:30:40 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639157026 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639157672 1. Alpha 1: found on glands, smooth muscle, eyes, most arteries and veins. Stimulated by NE & EPI
2. *Alpha-2: relaxation/inhibition; PARASYMPATHETIC RESPONSE
3. Beta 1: located on heart. Stimulated by NE & EPI. 
4. Beta 2: located on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, & coronary arteries. Stimulated by EPI ONLY. ]]> 2020-06-24 19:31:23 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639157672 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639160366 1. Muscarinic: located on cardiac, smooth muscle and glands. 
2. Nicotinic-1 (Nn): at ganglia of parasympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerves (synapse area)
3. *Nicotinic-2 (Nm): somatic, neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle. If stimulated muscle contracts. ]]> 2020-06-24 19:33:36 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639160366 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639169573 - Sympathomimetics: drugs that mimic the sympathetic system (adrenergic, agonists)
- Sympatholytics: drugs that work against the sympathetic system (adrenergic blocking, blockers, inhibitors, antagonists)]]> 2020-06-24 19:41:34 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639169573 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639178711 1. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists: Alpha-1 receptor is stimulated. Action: contraction of smooth muscle, blood vessels constrict, increase BP, vasoconstriction of nasal passages. 
2. Adrenergic Agonists: Stimulates all alpha and beta receptors. Action: vasopressor-vasoconstriction, increases BP, cardiac stimulant, and bronchodilator (beta-2).
2. Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists: 
    - Low dose: stimulates dopaminergic (d-1) receptors in kidneys causing vasodilation and increased renal blood flow 
    - Moderate dose: stimulates beta-1 receptors on heart causing increased force of contraction and cardiac output. 
    - High dose: stimulates alpha-1 receptors causing vasoconstriction which increases BP. 
3. Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists: stimulates beta-2 receptors. Action: relaxation of smooth muscle on lungs (bronchodilator), relaxation of smooth muscle of the uterus. ]]> 2020-06-24 19:51:22 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639178711 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639183348 1. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Drugs: Binds and blocks alpha-1 receptors. Action: vasodilation of blood vessels, decreases BP, relaxes smooth muscle of ureters, and increases urine flow. 
2. Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs: Selective Beta-1 receptors are blocked (antagonizes beta-1 effects of NE & EPI). Action: decreases force of contraction (negative inotropic), decreases cardiac output, decreases HR (negative chronotropic), decreases conduction (negative dromotropic) and decreases BP. 
3. Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs: Non-selective Beta blockers: Block beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. Action: decreases force of contraction (negative inotropic), decreases cardiac output, decreases HR (negative chronotropic), decreases conduction (negative dromotropic) and decreases BP, and can cause bronchoconstriction. ]]> 2020-06-24 19:56:19 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639183348 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639222062 - Parasympathomimetics: drugs that mimic parasympathetic system (agonists, cholinergic)
- Parasympatholytics: drugs that work against parasympathetic system (antagonists, anticholingerics) ]]> 2020-06-24 20:34:34 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639222062 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639225872 1. Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: directly stimulate/bind to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division. Mimics ACH .
2. Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that destroys ACH in the synapse thereby increasing ACH at the Nm receptors on skeletal mm. ]]> 2020-06-24 20:38:40 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639225872 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639240292 1. Parasympatholytics/Anticholinergics: Bind to cholinergic receptor; Acts as a blocking drug or as a competitive antagonism. Actions: increase HR, decreases vagus nerve activity, decreases GI secretions and motility, and bronchodilation. ]]> 2020-06-24 20:54:09 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/639240292 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/640093193 1. Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: 
    a. acetylcholine - used for miosis, cataract and other eye surgeries MOA: pupil constriction
    b. pilocarpine (Pilocar ®) - used for glaucoma. MOA: pupil constriction, decreases amount of fluid in eye, decreases intraocular pressure. 
    c. bethanechol (Urecholine ®) - used for urinary retention and ileum/intestinal stasis. MOA: stimulates muscarinic receptors of bladder and GI tract to prevent constipation and urinary retention post-op and in the elderly. 
2. Indirect- Acting Cholinergic Agonists: 
a. neostigmine (Prostigmin ®) - Used for urinary retention and intestinal stasis/ileus, reversal of anticholinergicrocuronium bromide (Zemuron ®) with respiratory paralysis from anesthesia by increasing ACH at the nicotinic 2 (Nm) receptors on skeletal muscle, treatment for myasthenia gravis.]]> 2020-06-25 15:03:10 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/640093193 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/640145327 1. Parasympatholytics/Anticholinergics: 
a. atropine - antidote for cholinergic poisoning, increase HR, decrease vagus nerve activity (parasympathetic), pre-op med, slows digestion and urination, mydriasis. 
b. dicyclomine (Bentyl ®) - used for GI disorders (ulcers, colitis, IBS), decrease GI secretions and motility. 
c. ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®) - bronchodilation. ]]> 2020-06-25 15:47:46 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/640145327 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/640156788 1. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists: 
    a. ephedrine - increases BP
    b. phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®) - increases BP, nasal decongestion
2. Adrenergic Agonists: 
    a. epinephrine (Adrenalin®) - stimulates all alpha and beta receptors, vasopressor-vasoconstriction, increases BP, cardiac stimulant, bronchodilator
3. Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists: 
a. dobutamine (Dobutamine®) - for treatment of shock, increases blood pressure, and increases heart function 
4. Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists: 
a. albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)- bronchodilator
b. terbutaline (Brethine®) - bronchodilator, uterine relaxant
c. formoterol (Foradil®) - bronchodilator
d. salmeterol (Serevent®) - bronchodilator]]> 2020-06-25 15:59:14 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/640156788 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/640166201 1. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Drugs: 
    a. prazosin (Minipress®) - HTN
    b. terazosin (Hytrin®) - HTN, BPH
    c. doxazosin (Cardura®) - HTN, BPH
2. Selective Beta-1 Adrenergic Blocking Drugs: used for HTN, angina, arrhythmias, tachycardia, migraines, glaucoma (lowers IOP), Heart failure (decreases sympathetic activity)
a. atenolol (Tenormin®)
b. metoprolol (Lopressor®)
3. Non-Selective Beta Adrenergic Blocking Drugs: used for arrhythmias, angina, tachycardia, migraines, glaucoma (lowers IOP), heart failure (decreases sympathetic activity)
a. nadolol (Corgard®)
b. propanolol (Inderal®)
c. Timolol (Blocadren®)]]> 2020-06-25 16:08:07 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/640166201 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/640224386 2020-06-25 17:09:32 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/640224386 samantharamos11 https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/640235426 Class Notes ]]> 2020-06-25 17:21:12 UTC https://padlet.com/samantharamos11/em5ylniyfqx9vgoi/wish/640235426