Included Babylonia, Sumer, Assyria, Akkadian Empire, Indus River Valley Civilization and more.

This period of time + historic region was the birthplace of:

writing

politics

civilizations

simple machines like the wheel, pulley, lever and screw.

irrigation systems to farm + grow produce

pottery/weaving

The first Olympic Games took place in Olympia, Ancient Greece during a religious festival honoring the All-Powerful God Zeus.

They continued to be hosted every 4 years for nearly 12 centuries.

A modernized version is still held every four years.

Julius Caesar, a Roman general, was appointed dictator for life in 49 BCE. This alarmed the Roman Senate, a group that viewed his dictatorship as massive threat to roman ideals. In 44 BCE, a group of 23 senators led by Cassius and Brutus stabbed Caesar in an attempt to protect the values of the republic.

The senator's attempt was wildly unsuccessful, and plunged Rome into a series of civil wars where Caesar's assassins were defeated. Augustus, who fought and won in avenging Caesar, marked the beginning of the Roman Empire.

After Augustus is victorious against the senators who assassinated Julius Caesar, he becomes the first Roman Emperor.

His leadership marked the Pax Romana, or peaceful roman prosperity/ advances in the fields of:

engineering

political stability

economy

expansion

culture.

The demise of the Roman Empire unfolded across centuries and culminated in the dethroning of Romulus Augustlus.

Internal conflicts, including political corruption, barbarian invasions, economic decline, low military recruitment, division, and more contributed to the downfall of Rome.

The Fall of the Western Roman Empire marked the beginning of the Middle Ages.

The Mongol Empire was the largest connecting empire in history, including both Asia and Europe.

Founded by Genghis Khan (meaning universal ruler), the empire greatly expanded thanks to iron-clad ideals promoting strength, unity, and resilience such as...

religious diversity

legal code (yassa)

strong government.

The Mongol Empire pioneered trade, knowledge, and riches between the East and the West with the Silk Road.

The U.S Constitution was adopted/ratified because of problems associated with the Articles of the Confederation, the prior bureaucratic document.

The Constitutional Convention, consisting of delegates from each of the 13 states, drafted the structure of our federal governments and citizens rights/responsibilities.

The constitution is still the official charter of the U.S and guides government and citizens alike.

The phrase "Complete Solution to the Jewish Question" is a horrific euphemism used by Nazis to describe the final phase of their plan to exterminate Jews and create an aryan race.

This "final solution" involved the systematic murder of millions of Jews through mass shootings, forced labor, starvation, and ultimately, genocidal camps equipped with gas chambers.

The Nazi leaders envisioned killing 11 million Jews as part of the “Final Solution.” They succeeded in murdering 6 million.

Super-Computer and Artificial Intelligence Deep Blue, which began development at Carnegie Mellon University in 1985, beat World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov in a rematch after losing initially with a slower system.

This historic moment marked the newest age in technologic advancement, artificial intelligence and it's role in society.

In 387 BCE, esteemed philosopher Plato founded his Academy in Athens, Greece.

The name itself took after the nearby grove of Akademos, which later flourished into the commonplace terminology it is today.

Plato shaped Philosophy and Political Science as we know it today.