this is bc consumers underestimate the true costs to themselves and society

the main reason is imperfect knowledge

social costs exceed private benefits

alcohol

recreational drugs

gambling

junk food

sugary drinks

vaping/ e-cigarettes

energy drinks

prescription drug misuse

antibiotics (overuse)

illegal substances

smoking alternatives

over the counter medication abuse

Energy drinks with extremely high caffeine levels are still supplied even though they can harm health, especially for teenagers, because they are heavily marketed, legally sold, and consumers often underestimate the long-term health risks.

- Cigarettes and vaping products – cause addiction and long

term health problems.

- Alcohol – linked to liver disease, accidents, and violence.

- Fast food / junk food – contributes to obesity and heart disease.

- Gambling – can cause addiction, debt, and family breakdown.