Will Black Symphony and Wind Literature by William Black

The Baroque Period Begins (1600)

william_black12 — 2024-09-08 21:35:38 UTC

The term "Baroque" comes from the French word "Baroque" which translates to irregularly shaped which was often associated with misshapen pearls. This era also introduced dramatic forms (opera, oratorio, cantata) (Stedman Pg.3)

Claudio Monteverdi's L'Orfeo premieres (1607)

william_black12 — 2024-09-08 21:35:38 UTC

In 1607, Monteverdi's first Opera marks the beginning of large-scale orchestral works and ultimately lays the groundwork for that would eventually become the symphony

Jean-Baptiste Lully Formalizes Baroque Orchestral Structure (Mid 1600s)

william_black12 — 2024-09-08 21:35:38 UTC

Before Lully, orchestras were small consisting of strings and harpsichord/ organ (basso continuo). Lully helped expand this by adding woodwinds and brass

End of the Baroque (1750)

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The death of J.S. Bach marks the end of the Baroque Period

Giovanni Battista Sammartini Born (1700)

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Early pioneer of Symphonic form

Johann Stamitz Born (1717)

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A Key figure of Mannheim School and another pioneer of Symphonic Form

Joseph Haydn Born (1732)

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Austrian "Father of the Symphony"

Premiere of Sammartini’s Symphony in C Major, J-C 7. (1741)

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Example of Early Classical Form

Premiere of Stamitz’s Sinfonia a 8 (La Melodia Germanica No. 1) (1755)

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Notable use of the four-movement structure

Classical Period begins (1750)

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Beginning of The Enlightenment (1685)

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An intellectual and cultural movement that emphasized Science and reason

Beginning of Industrial Revolution (1760)

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French Revolution (1789-1799)

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Haydn becomes Kapellmeister of Esterházy family (1761)

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This marks Haydn's beginning of extensive symphonic compositions

Ludwig van Beethoven Born (1770)

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Born (1756)

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Haydn's Symphony No. 22 in E-flat Major, "The Philosopher (1764)

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Early Haydn Symphonic Style

Haydn's Symphony No. 103 in E-flat Major, "The Drumroll" (1795)

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One of Haydn's most famous Symphonic works and illustrates his later style

Sammartini Dies (1775)

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Stamitz Dies (1757)

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Mozart Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550 (1788)

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Notable usage of a Minor Key in a Symphonic Mozart work. Foreshadowing Expressive dark emotions of Romantic era to come

American Revolution (1775-1783)

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Mozart Symphony No. 41 "Jupiter" (1788)

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Mozart's Longest and Most Grand Symphony

Mozart's Serenade No. 12 in C Minor, K. 388 (1782)

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While not a Symphonic work, this composition reflects Mozart's Mastery of Wind Instruments

Haydn's Creation Oratorio (1798)

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Mozart Dies (1791)

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Mozart dies at the young age of 35

Premiere of Beethoven’s Symphony No. 3 (1805)

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Initially attributed to the heroic Napoleon, Beethoven Carved this out upon hearing Napoleon crowned himself Emperor.

Napoleon Crowned Emperor of France (1804)

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Premiere of Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5 (1808)

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Dark and deeply expressive, Beethoven's 5th is one of his most iconic Symphonic works

Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9 "Choral" (1824)

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Beethoven's Final and largest Symphony

Franz Schubert born (1797)

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Haydn Dies (1809)

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"Father of The Symphony"

Schubert's Unfinished Symphony (1822)

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We have only two completed movements

Schubert Dies (1828)

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Beethoven Dies (1827)

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End of Classical (1820)

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Beginning of Romantic (1820)

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Mozart Marriage of Figaro (1786)

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One of Mozart's most famous Operas

Battle of Waterloo (1815)

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Napoleon's Final Defeat

Felix Mendelssohn Born (1809)

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Robert Schumann Born (1810)

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Anton Bruckner Born (1824)

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Hector Berlioz Born (1803)

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Premiere of Berlioz: Symphonie Fantastique (1830)

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Premiered in Paris in 1830 to mixed critical reaction. Notable Programmatic symphony

Johannes Brahms Born (1833)

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Richard Wagner Born (1813)

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German composer and conductor famous for his Opera which he wrote both the libretto and music for

Brahms 1 Premiere (1876)

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Brahms felt immense pressure following Beethoven's Symphonic works, leading him to take over 20 years to compose it.

Gustav Mahler Born (1860)

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Birth of Antonín Dvořák (1841)

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music often incorporates Czech folk elements. He is known for Slavonic Dances and his New World Symphony.

Birth of Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840)

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Known for his ballets such as Swan Lake and The Nutcracker

20th Century (1900)

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1900 marks the official beginning of the 20th Century

Birth of Sergei Rachmaninoff (1873)

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Start of American Civil War (1861)

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End of American Civil War (1865)

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World War 1 Begins (1914)

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World War 1 Ends (1918)

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World War 2 Begins (1939)

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World War 2 Ends (1945)

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Saxophone is Invented (1840)

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Felix Mendelssohn Dies (1847)

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Birth of John Phillip Sousa (1854)

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Robert Schumann Dies (1859)

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Richard Strauss Born (1864)

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Jean Sibelius Born (1865)

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Death of Hector Berlioz (1869)

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Tchaikovsky Symphony No. 6 Premiere (1893)

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Dvořák Symphony No.9 "New World" Premiere (1893)

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Percy Grainger Born (1922)

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Aaron Copland Born (1900)

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Dvořák Dies (1904)

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Shostakovitch Born (1906)

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Strauss Premiere of Alpine Symphony (1915)

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Great Depression (1929)

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Igor Stravinsky Born (1882)

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Stravinsky Premiere of Symphony of Psalms (1930)

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Death of John Phillip Sousa (1932)

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Shostakovitch Symphony No. 5 Premiere (1937)

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Grainger Lincolnshire Posy Premiere (1937)

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Followed trend across Europe and the Americas to preserve cultural heritage and utilize folksong.

Gustav Mahler Symphony No. 2 Premiere (1895)

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Brahms Dies (1897)

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Rachmaninoff Premiere of Symphony No. 2 (1908)

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Gustav Holst Born (1874)

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Gustav Holst First Suite in Eb premiere (1920)

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Mahler Dies (1911)

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Aaron Copland Symphony No. 3 Premiere (1946)

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Richard Strauss Dies (1949)

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Sibelius Dies (1957)

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Ralph Vaughn Williams Born (1872)

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Ralph Vaughn Williams Dies (1958)

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Leonard Bernstein Born (1918)

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Percy Grainger Dies (1961)

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Igor Stravinsky Dies (1971)

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Aaron Copland Dies (1990)

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Bernstein Dies (1990)

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Invention of Valve Trumpet (1830)

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Introduction of Tuba into Orchestras (1840)

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Stravinsky Rite of Spring (1913)

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Causes a riot in Paris

Russian Revolution (1917)

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Andrea Gabrielli born (1557)

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Uncle to Giovanni Gabrielli

Giovanni Gabrielli born (1557)

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Both Giovanni and Andrea worked at St. Mark's Basilica in Venice, and are pioneers of antiphonal music.

Renaissance period (1400-1600)

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Not until the later years of the Renaissance did we start to see early forms of what would become Symphonic and Wind music.

Giovanni Gabrieli publishes Sacrae Symphoniae (1597)

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Notable use of anitphonal brass choirs

Sackbut invented (circa 1450)

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The Early version of the Trombone

Andrea Gabrielli Dies (1585)

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Giovanni Gabrielli Dies (1612)

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Francois Gossec born (1734)

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French composer known for his symphonies, operas, and string quartets.

François-Joseph Gossec composes Military Symphony in F (1793-1794)

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Groundbreaking piece for Winds in a Symphonic context

François-Joseph Gossec Dies (1829)

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He lived 95 years (and lived to see music of the Baroque, Classical, and Romantic periods)

Johannes Gutenberg invents Printing Press (circa 1440)

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Christohper Columbus Voyage (1492)

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Protestant Reformation (1517)

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Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses spark the Protestant Reformation

Richard Wagner composes Trauersinfonie (1844)

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To commemorate Carl Maria von Weber, utilizing winds for a ceremonial tone

Richard Strauss composes Serenade in E-flat Major, Op. 7 (1882)

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Notable "Masterpiece" for modern Wind Ensembles

Charles Gounod’s Petite Symphonie (1885)

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Composed for Woodwinds

Charles Gounoud born (1818)

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Charles Gounoud Dies (1893)

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Premire of Gounod's Petite Symphonie (1895)

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Premiered after his death

Gustav Holst - First Suite in E-flat (1909)

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Would not be premiered until 1920

Ralph Vaughan Williams's Toccata Marziale premiere (1924)

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Igor Stravinsky's Symphonies of Wind Instruments (1920)

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Composed in memory of Claude Debussy also a great example of Post WW1 Neoclassicism

Arnold Schoenberg born (1874)

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Austrian and American composer and music theorist. He was among the first modernists who transformed music in the 20th century.

Arnold Schoenberg Theme and Variations (1942)

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a Tonal work for American schools and military bands

Vincent Persichetti born (1915)

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Vincent Persichetti – Divertimento for Band (1950)

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Vincent Persichetti dies (1987)

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Aaron Copland An Outdoor Adventure (1938)

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Alfred Reed- Russian Christmas Music (1944)

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Composed for a WWII radio broadcast. Utilizes Russian liturgical music.

Gordon Jacob Music for a Festival (1951)

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Ingolf Dahl - Sinfonietta for Concert Band (1961)

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Joseph Schwantner – and the mountains rising nowhere (1977)

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An experimental work. The 1970's saw a rise in acceptance of avant-garde techniques

David Maslanska - A Child's Garden of Dreams (1981)

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An emotional piece inspired by Carl Jung. The 80's saw many pieces become more serious and full of expression.

Cold War Era (1947-1991)

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Civil Rights Movement (1950-1960s)

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End of Cold War (1991)

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The collapse of the Soviet Union greatly influenced the Arts

Eric Whitacre – Ghost Train Triptych (1994)

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Mark Camphouse – A Movement for Rosa (1992)

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Composed in honor of Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement

The Jazz Age (1920s)

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Vietnam War (1955-1975)

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Ron Nelson - Passacaglia (Homage to B-A-C-H) (1992)

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A Modern take on Baroque Form

Thea Musgrave - Journey Through a Japanese Landscape (1993-94)

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Francis McBeth - Of Sailors and Whales, Five Scenes from Melville, Op. 78 (1990)

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Sir Michael Tippett - Mosaic (1983)

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Norman Dello Joio - Variants on a Medieval Tune (1963)

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Set to the Tune "In dulci jubilo"

Frank Ticheli - Blue Shades (1997)

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The 21st Century (2000 - )

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Joan Tower - Fascinating Ribbons (2001)

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Eric Whitacre - October (2000)

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"I feel there just isn’t enough lush, beautiful music written for winds."

Michael Torke - Grand Central Station (2000)

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Peter Graham - Harrison’s Dream (2003)

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Musical depiction of John Harrison developing the Chronometer.

John Harrison invents the Marine Chronometer (1761)

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Septermber 11th Attacks (2001)

william_black12 — 2024-12-02 01:53:41 UTC

Also began the Global War on Terrorism

David Del Tredici - In Wartime (2003)

william_black12 — 2024-12-02 01:55:17 UTC

John Mackey - Redline Tango (2004)

william_black12 — 2024-12-02 02:02:19 UTC

Frank Ticheli - Symphony No. 2 (2004)

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Richard Danielpour - Voices of the City (2005)

william_black12 — 2024-12-02 02:03:32 UTC