Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world. (WHII.1b) 

Why were the regional trading patterns important? 

Mediterranean basin
• Maritime routes across the Indian 

Identify geographic features important to the study of world history. (WHII.1c) 

5 

Ocean
• Trans-Saharan routes across North 

Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. (WHII.1e) 

Africa
• Northern European links with the 

Black Sea
• Western European sea and river 

trade
• South China Sea and lands of 

Southeast Asia 

• Exchange of products and ideas 

Europeans migrated to new colonies in the Americas, creating new cultural and social patterns. 

What were the effects of European migration and settlement on the Americas, Africa, and Asia? 

• Expansion of overseas territorial claims and European emigration to North and South America 

Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and to interpret the past. (WHII.1b) 

Europeans established trading posts and colonies in Africa and Asia. 

• Demise of Aztec and Inca Empires • Legacy of a rigid class system and 

Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. (WHII.1e) 

12 

dictatorial rule in Latin America
• Forced migration of Africans who 

had been enslaved
• Colonies’ imitation of the culture 

and social patterns of their parent countries 

• European trading posts along the coast 

• Trade in slaves, gold, and other resources 

• Colonization by small groups of merchants (India, the Indies, China) 

• Influence of trading companies (Portuguese, Dutch, British) 

The discovery of the Americas by Europeans resulted in an exchange of products and resources between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. 

What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange between European and indigenous cultures? 

• Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed European lifestyles. 

Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and to interpret the past. (WHII.1b) 

13 

• European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians. 

• European diseases, such as smallpox, killed many American Indians. 

• Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of African slaves. 

Caribbean and the Americas destroyed indigenous economics and damaged the environment. 

The discovery of the Americas by Europeans resulted in an exchange of products and resources between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. 

What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange between European and indigenous cultures? 

• Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed European lifestyles. 

Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and to interpret the past. (WHII.1b) 

13 

• European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians. 

• European diseases, such as smallpox, killed many American Indians. 

• Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of African slaves. 

Caribbean and the Americas destroyed indigenous economics and damaged the environment. 

Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and to interpret the past. (WHII.1b) 

What was the impact of precious metal exports from the Americas? 

14 

• Gold and silver exported to Europe and Asia 

• Impact on indigenous empires of the Americas 

• Impact on Spain and international trade 

China and Japan sought to limit the influence and activities of European merchants. 

How did the Chinese and Japanese attempt to limit the influence of European merchants? 

• Creation of foreign enclaves to control trade 

Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and to interpret the past. (WHII.1b) 

17 

• Imperial policy of controlling foreign influences and trade 

Identify and compare contemporary political boundaries with the locations of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. (WHII.1d) 

• Increase in European demand for Chinese goods (tea, porcelain) 

• Characterized by a powerless emperor controlled by a military leader (shogun) 

• Adopted policy of isolation to limit foreign influences