12B Types of long term memory by Miss Hadley

Jenny was in a horse riding accident and suffered a trauma to the head which caused brain damage to certain regions. Since her accident, Jenny has struggled to follow conversation and form new memories, though she still has the ability to perform the skills she had before the accident - such as playing the flute and speak French.

jo_hadley — 2017-01-18 08:37:54 UTC

With reference to research, explain which types of LTM Jenny has lost and whether this supports the idea of different types of LTM or strengthens the MSM of memory.

Describe the symptoms expressed after patient HM's surgery to remove his hippocampus. Explain how declarative/non-declarative memories were affected and apply this to evaluate the theory of types of long term memory.

2017-01-18 12:55:11 UTC

Extension: use this to evaluate the MSM of memory.

Describe the symptoms experienced by Clive Wearing after his illness. Explain how declarative/non-declarative memories were affected and apply this to evaluate the theory of types of long term memory.

2017-01-18 13:00:10 UTC

Extension: use this example to evaluate the MSM of memory

LD - Jenny Q

2017-01-18 13:03:44 UTC

jenny has lost her episodic memory.
this means that her hippocampus and frontal lope has been damaged after her accident. this supports the idea of there being different types of Long-term Memory because she's lost her ability to make episodic memory as can't follow a conversation but kept her procedural memory as she still has the skills of playing the flute and speaking french

TM

2017-01-18 13:04:30 UTC

Jenny has lost her episodic memory, this means that she cannot remember events or the series of events, and she also cannot form new memories, which in turn would explain why she finds it difficult to sustain a conversation. Similarly a musician named Clive Wearing, he suffered from anterograde and retrograde amnesia, researches discovered that his episodic memory has been damaged (including his frontal lobe and his hippo campus) However his semantic memory was still rather effective. It had been observed his procedural memory was still in tact as he was still able to play the piano, this is again similar to Jenny as she can still remember how to perform her skills she had learnt before the accident such as playing the flute and speaking french but could re collate new memories. This therefore challenges the Multi-Store Model as this explain the long term memory as a 'unitary' store.

OK

2017-01-18 13:04:30 UTC

After his illness (Viral encephalitis) HM's ability to form new LTMs was affected by the destruction of his hippocampus. He could create new procedural memories but not episodic or semantic. Wearing therefore was unable to retain information of what had just happened (for example when he woke up he believed that he had just been in a coma) but he was able to remember how to do things such as play the piano.
His non declarative memory was his semantic memory and his declarative was his procedural memories.
Extensions:
The MSM is challenged by this as it shows that there are different types of LTM rather than just one. Wearing showed that there are different areas of the brain responsible for LTM and as a result there cannot be only a unitary store.

LT- Clive Wearing

2017-01-18 13:04:31 UTC

After Clive Wearings accident, he was unable to form new episodic memories (declarative), due to the damage of his hippocampus, but his LTM of semantic and procedural memories, are unaffected. Although Wearing cannot work out what has just happened, he is still able to remember how to play music and knows he loves his wife.

AT

2017-01-18 13:04:48 UTC

Clive Wearing suffered from a condition which led to his hippocampus becoming damaged. The loss of the hippocampus has lead to himself struggling to recall memories from the past. The hippocampus being damaged has meant that Clive's short term memories cannot be transferred to his long term memories making. The hippocampus controls the episodic which means that he knows that Clive cannot know that something has happened as the hippocampus is damaged, however it is evident that Clive's semantic and procedural memories are still in tact.

KP

2017-01-18 13:04:50 UTC

Clive forgets things after a minute of being told them (due to the loss of his hippo campus) however, he knows his close family and is still fully capable of playing the piano. This shows that you do not need episodic memory in order to create new procedural memories.

TMK - Clive Wearing Q

u11kearnst — 2017-01-18 13:04:52 UTC

Clive got an illness called viral encephalitis, which destroyed various areas of the brain, including the hippocampus. The hippocampus controls episodic memories, which are explicit/declarative, so "knowing that" something has happened. He could not remember things that happened a couple of minutes ago, however his procedural and semantic memory was still intact. This meant he could still remember things such as facts he learned before the accident and skills that are learned through practise. This case study challenges the multi-store model because it says that long term memory is a unitary store, whereas Clive Wearing's experience would suggest that there are different types of LTM.

LC

u11chapmanl — 2017-01-18 13:04:54 UTC

Jenny has lost has lost her episodic memory which means she cannot remember events or series of events. This means she can also not form new memories and would explain why she cannot keep up a conversation. A similar case to Jennys was Musician Clive Wearing, who suffered from retrograde and anterograde amnesia, his wife and researchers found that his episodic memory was impaired (hippocampus and frontal lobe), but his semantic memory was still somewhat effective. By extension, his procedural memory was still intact as he could still play the piano. This is similar to Jenny as she can still remember how to perform the skills that she could before the accident. this challenges the MSM as it explains LTM as being a unitary store. Evidence from brain damaged patients support the multiple types of LTM.

OS

2017-01-18 13:05:01 UTC

Clive Wearing

After Clive's illness he would forget new memories, and was unable to recall episodic memories. Every time he saw his wife, he would act as if they had not seen each other for years. But he still knows his close friends and family, and can still play the piano. After watching videos several times, he is able to anticipate what is about to happen. Concrete facts still remain, and implicit memories and some declarative memories.

HH

u11hughesh — 2017-01-18 13:05:06 UTC

After HMs surgery he experienced that his personality and intellect were intact. However he could not form long term memory, although he could remember things from before his surgery. His declarative memory was affected as he could not form semantic and episodic memory. His non declarative, so implicit procedural memory was not affected, he could still learn how to do things but not know that he had learned them. This challenges the working memory model because procedural memories can still take place without the form of semantic memories being formed.

AB - Clive Wearing Question

2017-01-18 13:06:02 UTC

Clive Wearing contracted a condition to his hippocampus after reporting to his wife he had a headache. Since the hippocampus is responsible for converting STMs to LTMs, he couldn't form any new LTMs. After a few days he began to forget the names of members of his family, including his wife and his daughter. He failed to form any new LTMs and anytime he would see his wife, he would believe it was the first time he had seen her. He can remember procedural past memories, as he is still capable of playing the piano and can also remember semantic memories. However, he can't remember past episodic memories he once formed. This supports the idea of different types of LTM and challenges the MSM of memory as it shows how he can remember some declarative and non-declarative memories but not all.

ZR

2017-01-18 13:06:08 UTC

Clive Wearing suffers from viral encephalitis, his illness has destroyed multiple parts of his brain. This meant that Clive could not form new LTMs because his hippocampus was destroyed. This means that everything that happens to him in the present only stays in his short term memory, lasting <15 seconds, therefore he constantly forgets everything that has happened. For example, everytime he sees his wife he thinks it is the first time he has seen her for as long as he can remember. He does still have some LTMs from before his disease, however, he is still able to play the piano for example. This challenges the MSM as this shows that there are multiple parts of the LTM, not one single unit.

PW

2017-01-18 13:06:10 UTC

Jenny has lost her episodic memory as she cannot remember events and series. This means that her hippocampus and frontal lobe were damaged during her accident. However, her procedural memory is still intact as she remembers skills she had before the accident such as playing the flute and speaking french.

IK

2017-01-18 13:06:16 UTC

After HM's surgery to remove his hippocampus, he would've lost his episodic memory and therefore he wouldn't be able to remember old events or create any new ones. However his semantic (non-declarative) and procedural (declarative) memories would remain the same so he should still be able to make and remember long term memories involving facts and actions.
Extension: This challenges the multi-store model of memory as it shows how there are multiple types of LTM, which act in different areas in the brain, and therefore there cannot be one unitary LTM store.

ES

u15searlee — 2017-01-18 13:06:34 UTC

Clive Wearing: Viral encephalitis which destroyed his hippocampus. Hippocampus is responsible for converting STM to LTM. However he lacks the ability to form new memories, and also cannot recall aspects of his past memories, frequently believing that he has only recently awoken from a coma. He remembers procedural and semantic past memories but not episodic. Therefore he remembers implicit memories and certain declarative memories; specifically shared memories for facts or knowledge. These memories may be concrete, such as knowing that ice is made of water, or abstract, such as mathematical knowledge.
Extension:
The multi-store model of memory is therefore too simple as it suggests that there is only one single unitary store for long term memory. The research conducted upon Clive Wearing suggests that there are a number of different qualitatively kinds of long term memory with each behaving differently. As Wearing lost his hippocampus due to viral encephalitis he could not convert STM to LTM or recall episodic memory's; however he could recall procedural and semantic memories. This therefore suggests that LTM is more than one single unitary store.

AC

u11croughana — 2017-01-18 13:07:08 UTC

Jenny has lost her episodic memory which allows her to recall certain events and now struggles to form semantic memories. She also has kept her procedural memory because she remembers how to play the flute and speak french which is her procedure.

This supports the idea of different types of LTM and contests the idea of the WMM because she still has some form of LTM and not others suggesting multiple stores instead of one store.

AC

2017-01-18 13:07:20 UTC

Clive Wearing suffers from viral encephalitis meaning he is unable to form any long term memories due to his destroyed hippocampus. He struggles to rememeber any recent events but can still recall and remember skills he learnt is the past such as playing the piano, this is because his procedural memory is still intact. However, his episodic and semantic memory is very poor which stops him from remembering any recent events or information he experiences. This challenges the Multi store model as it shows how different parts f the brain are involved in the different types of long term memory and it is not just one store.

PB- jen

2017-01-18 13:07:42 UTC

Jenny's episodic memory and semantic memory is impaired, however her procedural memory is still intact as she can still play the flute and speak French.