Understanding Culture, Society and Politics by Christian Roi Del Valle

CULTURAL VARIATION Religion Ethnicity Nationality

christianroidelvalle1204 — 2024-10-23 14:55:02 UTC

RELIGION • ‘religare’ a Latin word – ‘to bind together’ is a system of beliefs and practices as well as

systems of actions directed toward entities which are above men is an organized system of ideas about

the spiritual sphere or the supernatural.

SOCIAL DIFFERENCES Gender Socio-economic Status Exceptionality

christianroidelvalle1204 — 2024-10-23 14:55:47 UTC

GENDER- It is the socially-constructed characteristics of being male of female

• Serve as guide on how males and females think and act about themselves.

• Gender vs Sex • LGBTQi (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning, Intersex)

GENDER vs SEX - One's sense of self as masculine or feminine regardless of external genitalia.

• Socially constructed characteristics

• Personality characteristics

SEX

• It is biological

• It refers to a person based on their anatomy

• Bodies

SOCIAL DIFFERENCES Gender Socio-economic Status Exceptionality

christianroidelvalle1204 — 2024-10-23 14:56:22 UTC

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS- It refers to the category of persons who have more or less the same socio-

economic priveleges. •Upper class •Middle class •Lower clas

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS

christianroidelvalle1204 — 2024-10-23 14:57:44 UTC

EXCEPTIONALITY

•It refers to the state of being intellectually gifted and/or having physically or mentally challenged

conditions.

• Personality/ behavior

• Communication (learning disability, speech impairment, and hearing problems)

• Intellect (mild intellectual & mental development disabilities)

• Physical appearance (blind-low vision)

• Or combination of more than one specific exceptionality/disability.

Cultural Variation Between Cultures

christianroidelvalle1204 — 2024-10-23 14:58:16 UTC

• If human cultures modify the natural environment, it is also true that the natural environment initially

shaped, and still shapes to some extent, the culture of society.

The Japanese diet consists largely of fish, seafood and vegetables because Japan is an archipelago and

the sea provided consistent sources of food and, with one twentieth of the surface of the United States,

there is no room for grazing land for raising beef cattle. Similarly, climate, soil, and geography affect

cultural aspects.

VARIATION WITHIN CULTURES

christianroidelvalle1204 — 2024-10-23 14:59:07 UTC

SUBCULTURES - A segment of society which shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values

which differ from the pattern of larger society. It is a culture within a culture. - These are groups that

have specific cultural traits that set them apart from the dominant culture.

Example of Subculture (Activities done during December in the United States of America) HANUKKAH - a

lesser Jewish festival, lasting eight days from the 25th day of Kislev (in December) and commemorating

the rededication of the Temple in 165 BC by the Maccabees after its desecration by the Syrians. It is

marked by the successive kindling of eight lights

christianroidelvalle1204 — 2024-10-23 15:13:59 UTC

Human Cultural Variation: it refers to the differences in social behaviors that different cultures

exhibit around the world. What may be considered good etiquette in one culture may be considered

bad etiquette in another.

Social Differences- The differences among the individuals on the basis of social characteristics

and qualities.