Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) by Isabel Lacey https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro en-us 2022-06-25 01:27:56 UTC 2022-06-25 02:31:10 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f48a.png Two Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System isabeljmlacey https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230127716 1. Sympathetic Nervous System
-Also called the Adrenergic System

2. Parasympathetic Nervous System
-Also called the Cholinergic Systm]]> 2022-06-25 01:35:06 UTC https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230127716 The Neurotransmitters for the Sympathetic Nervous System isabeljmlacey https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230130621
  • Acetylcholine (ACH): cholinergic 
    • NT released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings 

    • Norepinephrine (NE): adrenergic
      • NT released at postganglionic nerve endings by adrenal medulla & neurons

    • Epinephrine (EPI): adrenergic
      • released by the adrenal medulla and acts on adrenergic receptors

    • Dopamine (DA):
      • released by the adrenal medulla
      • acts on dopamine receptors
      • stimulated by many receptors like; alpha, beta, dopaminergic

    ]]>     2022-06-25 01:45:34 UTC https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230130621     Neurotransmitters for the Parasympathetic Nervous System isabeljmlacey https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230131161 Acetylcholine (ACH)
    • released at ganglia and postganglionic nerve endings
    ]]>     2022-06-25 01:47:19 UTC https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230131161     Receptors of the Sympathetic Nervous System isabeljmlacey https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230131801
  • Alpha-1: found on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, most arteries & veins

    • Alpha-2*: relaxation/inhibition of parasympathetic response

    • Beta-1: located on heart

    • Beta-2: located on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, coronary arteries

    ]]>     2022-06-25 01:49:38 UTC https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230131801     Receptors of The Parasympathetic Nervous System isabeljmlacey https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230132305
  • Muscarinic: on cardiac, smooth muscle, & glands

    • Nicotinic 1 (Nn): at ganglia of parasympathetic nerves & sympathetic nerves 

    • Nicotinic 2 (Nm): at somatic neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle


    ]]>     2022-06-25 01:51:21 UTC https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230132305     The End Organ Responses When Each Sympathetic Nervous System Transmitter is Stimulated isabeljmlacey https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230135806 Adrenal Medulla: releases epinephrine and some norepinephrine 

    Arteries: vasoconstriction except for the coronary and skeletal muscle arteries

    Heart: increases HR, AV conduction, and contractility 

    Postganglionic neurotransmitter: releases norepinephrine

    Pupil: becomes dilated; mydriasis 

    Respiratory Passages: become dilated; bronchodilation

    Urinary Bladder: relax

    Urinary Sphincter: contracts which decreases urination

    GI: decreases digestion, slows motility and secretions

    Alpha-1: 
    -causes smooth muscle contraction & vasoconstriction, which increases BP
    -also causes mydriasis of the eye

    Alpha-2:
    -decreases smooth muscle contraction, which decreases BP and vasodilation

    Beta-1:
    -increases force of contraction of heart, increases HR, and increases conduction

    Beta-2:
    -causes smooth muscles, uterine, coronary arteries, and skeletal muscle blood vessels to relax
    -causes bronchoconstriction and vasodilation]]>     2022-06-25 02:03:58 UTC https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230135806     The End Organ Responses of The Parasympathetic Nervous System isabeljmlacey https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230136724 Heart: causes a decrease in HR and AV conduction, and a slight decrease in contractibility

    GI: GI motility, digestion, and secretions are increased

    Postganglionic neurotransmitter: releases acetylcholine

    Pupil: constriction of pupil; miosis

    Respiratory passages: causes constriction; bronchoconstriction

    Urinary bladder: contracts

    Urinary sphincter: relaxes, causes increased urination

    Muscarinic:
    -decreased HR
    -causes bronchoconstriction and pupillary constriction
    -increases digestion, GI secretions, and urination

    Nicotinic 1 (Nn):
    -contraction of muscles

    Nicotinic 2 (Nm):
    -contraction of muscles


    ]]>     2022-06-25 02:07:22 UTC https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230136724     The Sympathetic Nervous System Drug Classifications isabeljmlacey https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230140469 Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists
    -alpha-1 receptor is stimulated
    -causes contractions of smooth muscle, constriction of blood vessels, vasoconstriction of nasal passages, and increased BP
    Drugs:
    -ephedrine
    -phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)

    Adrenergic Agonists
    -all alpha and beta receptors are stimulated
    -causes vasoconstriction, increased BP, and is a bronchodilator
    Drugs:
    -epinephrine (Adrenalin®)

    Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
    -alpha-1 receptor is blocked
    -causes relaxation of smooth muscle, vasodilation of blood vessels, decreases BP, relaxation of smooth muscle of ureters, and increases urine flow
    Drugs:
    -prazosin (Minipress®)
    -terazosin (Hytrin®)
    -doxazosin (Cardura®)

    Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists
    -low dose: dopaminergic (d-1) receptors are stimulated
           -causes vasodilation and increased renal blood flow of          kidneys
    -moderate dose: beta-1 receptors are stimulated
           -causes increased force of contraction and cardiac output
    -high dose: alpha-1 receptors are stimulated
           -causes vasoconstriction and increased BP
    Drugs:
    -albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)
    -terbutaline (Brethine®)
    -formoterol (Foradil®)
    -salmeterol (Serevent®)

    Selective Beta-1 Blockers
    -beta-1 receptor is blocked
    -causes decreased force of contraction, cardiac output, HR, BP, and conduction
    Drugs:
    -atenolol (Tenormin®)
    -metoprolol (Lopressor®)

    Non-selective Beta Blockers
    -beta-1 and beta-2 receptors are blocked
    -causes decreased force of contraction, cardiac output, HR, BP, conduction, and can cause bronchoconstriction
    Drugs:
    -nadolol (Corgard®)
    -propranolol (Inderal®)
    -timolol (Blocadren®)







    ]]>     2022-06-25 02:21:35 UTC https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230140469     The Parasympathetic Nervous System Drug Classification isabeljmlacey https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230142978 Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists
    -muscarinic receptor is stimulated
    -mimics ACH
    Drugs:
    -acetylcholine
             -causes pupil constriction
    -pilocarpine (Pilocar®)
             -causes pupil constriction, decreases amount of fluid in eye, and decreases intraocular pressure
    -bethanechol (Urecholine®)
             -causes stimulation of receptors of blader and GI tract to prevent constipation and urinary retention

    Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists
    -inhibit acetylcholine
    Drugs:
    -neostigmine (Prostigmin)
              -used for urinary retention & intestinal stasis, as a reversal of anticholinergic-rocuronium bromide, as a treatment for myasthenia gravis
    -physostigmine (Eserine®)
               -used as an antidote for an overdose of anticholinergics

    Anticholinergics/Parasympatholytics
    -binds to and blocks cholinergic receptors
    Drugs:
    atropine:
            -causes increased HR, decreased vagus nerve activity, slows digestion and urination, and mydriasis
    dicyclomine (Bentyl®)
            -causes a decrease in GI secretions and motility
    ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)
    -causes bronchodilation

    ]]>     2022-06-25 02:30:43 UTC https://padlet.com/isabeljmlacey/efwlqyxqyotho1ro/wish/2230142978