Study Board: Oral Changes by

Study Board: Oral Changes by https://padlet.com/200450451/ef9jd3nd0grwjkxa en-us 2023-02-15 18:50:16 UTC 2023-02-19 23:20:56 UTC hello@padlet.com Caries Risk johannaroth2 https://padlet.com/200450451/ef9jd3nd0grwjkxa/wish/2487755180 Elderly individuals are at an increased risk for Caries due to many factors

- Many older individuals have difficulty brushing and flossing their teeth. As individuals age, many are diagnosed with arthritis, and a lot of the time this arthritis is in their wrists. Due to this, many elderly clients cannot efficiently brush and floss their teeth, and many have totally given up on trying to floss.

- Due to improper brushing and flossing these clients are more susceptible to developing caries.

- As people age, so do there mouths, older clients generally have bone loss, recession, attrition, abrasion and the list continues. All these increase the risk for caries, especially root caries. Root caries are the most common cavity seen in elderly clients due to exposed root surfaces (Bowen, D. M., Pieren, J. A., & Darby, M. L., 2020).

- It is important that elderly individuals understand the important of proper oral self care.

- Elderly clients should visit their dental office every 4-6 months for cleanings and fluoride treatment.

Reference
Bowen, D. M., Pieren, J. A., & Darby, M. L. (2020). Darby and Walsh Dental Hygiene: Theory and Practice. Elsevier.

- Annie Roth
(200481952)

]]> 2023-02-19 20:51:47 UTC https://padlet.com/200450451/ef9jd3nd0grwjkxa/wish/2487755180 Medication Usage mirandab15 https://padlet.com/200450451/ef9jd3nd0grwjkxa/wish/2487755288 - Salivary functionality naturally decreases with age, which will inevitably affect the integrity of a persons oral health. Furthermore, an infamous common oral side effect in medications is xerostomia. According to Statistics Canada (2021), 81% of Canadians within the ages of 60-79 take at least one prescribed medication regularly.

- Xerostomia, or "dry mouth", in itself seems like a small inconvenience. Some might notice bad breath (Halitosis) accompanied by dry mouth, but it has larger effects on a person's oral health. Xerostomia can limit the ability of saliva to naturally cleanse and flush food debris and bacteria from the mouth, which can increase the risk of developing periodontal disease and caries.

- The type of medication a client takes, as well as the reason, is also imperative to note. According to Kissell (2021), “Immunosuppressive medications can cause an increased risk of infection, tissue changes and elevated cancer risk, high risk of caries, and periodontal changes.” The use of immunosuppressive medication can also be a contraindication to invasive dental hygiene procedures like scaling and debridement for the reasons specified above. Contacting the client's physician is important to discuss and determine the safety and appropriateness of certain treatments included in the dental hygiene process of care.

References
Kissell, D. (2021, November 24). Effects of immunosuppressive medications on oral health - dimensions of Dental Hygiene: Magazine. Dimensions of Dental Hygiene | Magazine. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/article/effects-immunosuppressive-meidcations-oral-health/

Statistics Canada. (2021, June 28). Prescription medication use among Canadian adults, 2016 to 2019. The Daily. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/210628/dq210628e-eng.htm

- Miranda Bellefeuille (200454360)

]]> 2023-02-19 20:52:05 UTC https://padlet.com/200450451/ef9jd3nd0grwjkxa/wish/2487755288 Physical Limitations 200450451 https://padlet.com/200450451/ef9jd3nd0grwjkxa/wish/2487755359 Elderly clients are more likely to face physical limitations which ultimately affect the quality of oral self care they can conduct.

- As we age, hearing loss is inevitable, and poor oral care can even aggravate further hearing loss. 'When bacteria in the mouth spreads throughout the body, it can cause inflammation that prevents the healthy flow of blood and may result in clots. Because the hair cells in the cochlea require healthy blood circulation, they may become damaged or even permanently destroyed if blood circulation is low, causing hearing loss' (Sound Relief Hearing Centre, 2023). In addition, hearing loss in itself may become a barrier to effective oral care. Communication between the clinician and client will be more complex. If the client can not properly hear OSCI from the hygienist, then there won't be adequate at home self care by the client. To prevent this, demonstrations/visual aids will become much more useful for the client to learn and understand OSCI.

-Along with hearing loss, clients face visual impairments. 'Barriers to treating patients who are visually impaired include negative attitudes because of their guide dogs, physical issues in the buildings, lack of transportation, dental phobia, and lack of dental professionals willing to provide dental treatment' (Cloet, W., 2022). Alternatively to clients with hearing loss, clients with vision loss require more speech and touch rather than visuals. This may create complications to client understanding of OSCI. Especially since OSCI is super visualization based with most clients.

- Older clients commonly are challenged with dexterity issues. This could be due to muscle weakness, arthritis, carpal tunnel, broken bones/fractures (more common from falls), etc. 'Decreased hand functioning can affect your senior’s independence, self-confidence, and ability to care for him- or herself safely. All of these can affect your senior’s ability or motivation to maintain proper oral hygiene' (Black, W., 2019). That being said, dexterity impairment can make it more complex for senior clients to participate in their oral self care. More specifically, brushing teeth and flossing will become a hardship for the client.

References
Black, W. (2019, August 27). Five tips for proper oral hygiene for seniors with manual dexterity issues. Personal Care Services MidSouth. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://www.personalcarellc.com/elderly-care-covington-tn-five-tips-for-proper-oral-hygiene-for-seniors-with-manual-dexterity-issues

Cloet, W. (2022, August 31). Oral Health Status and dental care for individuals with visual impairment. PracticeUpdate. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://www.practiceupdate.com/content/oral-health-status-and-dental-care-for-individuals-with-visual-impairment/140535#:~:text=Patients%20who%20are%20visually%20impaired%20are%20more%20prone%20to%20caries,of%20homecare%20and%20fluoride%20use.

Sound Relief Hearing Centre. (2023, January 25). The link between Oral Health and Hearing Loss. Sound Relief Hearing Center. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://www.soundrelief.com/the-link-between-oral-health-and-hearing-loss/

- Kylie Bester
(200450451)

]]> 2023-02-19 20:52:18 UTC https://padlet.com/200450451/ef9jd3nd0grwjkxa/wish/2487755359 Periodontal Disease Risk bvbbex https://padlet.com/200450451/ef9jd3nd0grwjkxa/wish/2487756954 Immunosuppression increases with age, increasing the infection risk and therefore the likelihood of disease.

Diabetes is linked to overall inflammation from high blood glucose levels and therefore can increase susceptibility and severity of periodontal disease. CDHO (2017) further explains, "In turn, gum disease tends to be more severe among persons with diabetes, because suboptimal control of DM [Diabetes Mellitus] decreases the ability to fight infection and slows healing.".

Medications taken to treat diabetes and other systemic diseases may cause xerostomia which decreases saliva flow therefore increasing risk for bacterial infection that can cause inflammation associated with gingivitis and periodontitis.

As well, osteoporosis which is most common in elderly women frequently affects the alveolar bone. This decrease in bone mass and healing capacity increases the risk for periodontal disease and decreases the prognosis (Bowen, D. M., Pieren, J. A., & Darby, M. L., 2020).

References
Bowen, D. M., Pieren, J. A., & Darby, M. L. (2020). Darby and Walsh Dental Hygiene: Theory and Practice. Elsevier.

Factsheet Diabetes Mellitus. CDHO. (2017). Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://www.cdho.org/Advisories/CDHO_Factsheet_Diabetes_Mellitus.pdf

- Brittany Beck
(200422511)

]]> 2023-02-19 20:57:05 UTC https://padlet.com/200450451/ef9jd3nd0grwjkxa/wish/2487756954 Denture Stomatitis bvbbex https://padlet.com/200450451/ef9jd3nd0grwjkxa/wish/2487775353 Additionally, edentulousness (tooth loss) is common in older age so the elderly population is more likely to wear partial or complete dentures. Xerostomia, poor oral hygiene, and/or poorly-fit dentures can cause irritation to the mucosa resulting in denture stomatitis. (Bowen, D. M., Pieren, J. A., & Darby, M. L., 2020).

Reference
Bowen, D. M., Pieren, J. A., & Darby, M. L. (2020). Darby and Walsh Dental Hygiene: Theory and Practice. Elsevier.

- Brittany Beck

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