Commercial Surrogacy and Human Rights by https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa en-us 2023-04-18 17:39:55 UTC 2025-10-18 15:46:26 UTC hello@padlet.com UDHR Article 3 hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558979555  "Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person." ]]> 2023-04-18 17:41:19 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558979555 UDHR Article 4 hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558980033 "No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms."  The article can also be applied to situations where individuals are forced to become surrogate mothers against their will, as it is a form of servitude and exploitation."]]> 2023-04-18 17:41:40 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558980033 UDHR Article 13 hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558980725  "Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state."]]> 2023-04-18 17:42:09 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558980725 UDHR Article 16 hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558981095  "Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution."]]> 2023-04-18 17:42:25 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558981095 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) Article 6 hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558982979 "Every human being has the inherent right to life and that this right shall be protected by law." ]]> 2023-04-18 17:43:46 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558982979 United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT) hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558984258 By outlawing torture and other cruel, inhuman, or humiliating treatment or punishment, which are both considered to be forms of contemporary slavery or servitude, UNCAT strengthens this principle.

]]> 2023-04-18 17:44:41 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558984258 ICESCR Article 7 - worker's right hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558985527 "The right of everyone to the enjoyment of just and favorable conditions of work, which ensure, in particular, remuneration which provides all workers, as a minimum, with fair wages and equal remuneration for work of equal value without distinction of any kind."]]> 2023-04-18 17:45:35 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558985527 Related Federal Laws in Thailand hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558987536 The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2008: Human trafficking, which is a type of contemporary slavery and a breach of Article 4 of the UDHR, is prohibited by this legislation and is a crime. Additionally, the legislation offers protection and assistance to trafficking victims, which pertains to the right to personal security under Article 3.

The Labor Protection Act of 1998: minimal requirements for employment in Thailand, among them clauses addressing pay, working conditions, and workplace security. These requirements aid in safeguarding employees against exploitation and abuse, which is connected to the right to be free from slavery and servitude under Article 4 and the right to personal safety under Article 3.
]]> 2023-04-18 17:47:09 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558987536 Related Federal Laws in India hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558992797 Payment of Wages Act, 1936: The act regulates the payment of wages to employees in all industries and covers workers earning less than a specified amount (currently Rs. 24,000 (292 usd)per month) working in factories, railways, plantations, mines, and other establishments.

The Constitution of India Article 23: "traffic in human beings and begar [forced labor] and other similar forms of forced labor are prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall be an offense punishable in accordance with law."]]> 2023-04-18 17:50:43 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558992797 Case Study 1 hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558997540 https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/09/18/494451674/why-some-of-indias-surrogate-moms-are-full-of-regret]]> 2023-04-18 17:54:19 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2558997540 hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2559003173 In India, the lucrative surrogacy market is presently uncontrolled and ungoverned by legislation. Most surrogates come from low-income families, and they are rarely paid what they were promised and are misled about the procedures. They are also informed that they will give birth naturally, although this is not always the case. Some couples use many surrogates to increase their odds, eliminating the less healthy pregnancies through medication-induced miscarriage. The industry, according to critics, is dominated by the wealthy, who take advantage of the poor. ]]> 2023-04-18 17:58:43 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2559003173 Businessman in charge of the surrogacy commercial perspective hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2559009821 "Even if they don't [participate in] surrogacy, they will get pregnant themselves. They do not use contraception. So they get pregnant, pregnant, pregnant! That's it! They are thoughtless people. Now if they get an opportunity to help somebody who is childless, and they help themselves with the money they can never think of in their lifetime — nobody has been exploited. So what is wrong with that?" he asks.]]> 2023-04-18 18:03:36 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2559009821 Truth under the Deception hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2559018590 Because the payments are insufficient, Indian surrogates are rarely able to alter the root cause of their poverty. Therefore, the truth lies beneath the surrogacy commercial chain is the exploitation of the poor. 

Many were underpaid and given false information about the processes. Countless surrogate mothers were being promised with "natural childbirth," yet many births end up being C-sections. In order to increase the chances of pregnancy success, some couples hired more than one surrogate, with the less viable pregnancies being destroyed by medication-induced miscarriage. The mother was given a pill to take and came back bleeding without knowing it was an intentional abortion. More importantly, the surrogate mother will not get paid if they lose the baby. ]]> 2023-04-18 18:10:29 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2559018590 hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2559037596 “There are pedophiles hiring surrogates and egg donors. There are gamete providers and fertility industry workers lying on paperwork about donor profiles to sell more specimen.”]]> 2023-04-18 18:25:42 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2559037596 Lies Beneath Paperwork of Surrogacy that Deceives Surrogates hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2559038603 https://biotexcom.com/high-price-tags-and-ugly-secrets-how-surrogacy-preys-on-poor-women/]]> 2023-04-18 18:26:36 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2559038603 hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2559045945 The surrogate mothers envision their child will be sent to family with love and raised carefully and wealthily. However, it might not be the case. The customers of the surrogacy service varies, and the child might not end up with happiness. Some of the customers are even pedophile. The lack of transparency in the surrogacy business is deceiving for the surrogate mothers. ]]> 2023-04-18 18:32:43 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2559045945 Case Study 2 hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2559061373 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-14/baby-gammy-twin-must-remain-with-family-wa-court-rules/7326196]]> 2023-04-18 18:44:47 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2559061373 Down syndrome Child Gammy being Abandoned hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2560504001 In 2014, a surrogacy dilemma involving Gammy, a child with Down syndrome, made headlines. Australian couple David and Wendy Farnell utilized Thai surrogate Pattaramon Chanbua to carry their biological children. However, when Gammy was born with Down syndrome, Chanbua refused to bring him back to Australia. The Farnells transported Gammy's identical twin sister back to Australia. The lawsuit raised awareness to the issues surrounding surrogate mothers' rights and commercial surrogacy. ]]> 2023-04-19 17:21:31 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2560504001 Case Study 3 hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2560505367 2023-04-19 17:22:40 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2560505367 Violation of UDHR hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2560519454 Article 4: held in servitude while not getting the promised payment. 
Article 3: The security of person and right to life are violated by the lies about natural birth, yet the reality ends up with C-sections. The medication-induced miscarriage threaten the security of the surrogate mother.]]> 2023-04-19 17:32:51 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2560519454 Japanese Man's 13 Surrogate Children hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2560545845 Mitsutoki Shigeta, a Japanese man, fathered 13 children using Thai surrogate women. Shigeta was free to pursue custody of the kids, and once the Thai surrogates gave up their parental rights, he was given "sole parent" rights. When it was discovered that Shigeta had fathered at least 16 children in Thailand via surrogates, there was uproar in 2014. He was suspected for human trafficking. Thailand banned commercial surrogacy for foreigners as a result of his case and others. Interpol was looking into Shigeta for possible human trafficking, and when authorities searched his apartment, they discovered nine surrogate children, nannies, and a pregnant surrogate mother. Soon after, he fled Thailand. ]]> 2023-04-19 17:53:52 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2560545845 Sources hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2560546947 Bibliography
Sharmila Rudrappa. Discounted Life: The Price of Global Surrogacy in India.Accessed April 19, 2023. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=peQWCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=india+surrogacy&ots=fA2Mz15kzv&s
     ig=hFU2PQSEzhj408_wbLnb_BN77io#v=onepage&q=india%20surrogacy&f=false.
"Baby Gammy: Surrogacy Row Family Cleared of Abandoning Child with down Syndrome in Thailand." News. Last modified April 13, 2016. Accessed April 18, 2023. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-14/baby-gammy-twin-must-remain-with-family-wa-court-rules/7326196.

"High Price Tags and Ugly Secrets – How Surrogacy Preys on Poor Women." BioTexCom (blog). Entry posted July 27, 2015. Accessed April 17, 2023. https://biotexcom.com/high-price-tags-and-ugly-secrets-how-surrogacy-preys-on-poor-women/.

Julie McCarthy. "Why Some of India's Surrogate Moms Are Full of Regret." NPR. Last modified September 18, 2016. Accessed April 18, 2023. https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/09/18/494451674/why-some-of-indias-surrogate-moms-are-full-of-regret.

Madeline Roache. "Ukraine's 'baby factories': The human cost of surrogacy." Aljazeera. Last modified September 2018. Accessed April 18, 2023. https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/9/13/ukraines-baby-factories-the-human-cost-of-surrogacy.

"Mitsutoki Shigeta: 'Baby factory' dad wins paternity rights." BBC News. Last modified February 2018. Accessed April 18, 2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43123658.

Natalie Huet, and Naira Davlashyan. "Surrogate mothers, babies and frozen embryos trapped by Ukraine war as IVF parents watch in horror." Euronews. Last modified March 14, 2022. Accessed April 18, 2023. https://www.euronews.com/next/2022/03/11/surrogacy-in-crisis-as-ukraine-war-leaves-newborns-stranded-in-bomb-shelters-and-families-.

Nishat Hyder-Rahman. "Commercial Gestational Surrogacy." Anti Trafficking Review. Accessed April 16, 2023. https://www.antitraffickingreview.org/index.php/atrjournal/article/view/542/416.

"India's surrogate mothers exploited?" Video. Posted April 11, 2013. Accessed
     April 18, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhzUvl82WBw.

]]> 2023-04-19 17:54:40 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2560546947 hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2561077581 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhzUvl82WBw]]> 2023-04-20 03:40:28 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2561077581 hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2561085602 2023-04-20 03:49:29 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2561085602 hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2561086112 2023-04-20 03:50:06 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2561086112 hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2561086813 2023-04-20 03:50:52 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2561086813 Surrogate Mothers' Rights Violated hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2561087849 2023-04-20 03:52:06 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2561087849 Surrogate Children's Right hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2561090818 2023-04-20 03:55:15 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2561090818 Discussion Questions hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2563465271 1. Do you think surrogacy should be banned? Think about the perspective of both surrogate mothers and infertile couples, homosexual couples etc. 

2. What would be the possible protocols to guarantee the human rights of surrogate mothers?

3. Do you think as surrogate children, their human rights are violated? ]]> 2023-04-21 16:54:12 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2563465271 hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2565131367 Isha, a 30-year-old lady, is a surrogate mother whois six months pregnant. She lives in poor infrastructure, sharing a small bathroom with several families and a small, noisy passageway. She said she is helpless in the process of being a surrogate mother. ]]> 2023-04-24 04:26:19 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2565131367 hma59 https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2565146077 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TcK3wRxXt8]]> 2023-04-24 04:44:00 UTC https://padlet.com/hma59/eexgpqzmtkdymzqa/wish/2565146077