-shows STM and LTM seperate

Brain surgery left him unable to recall things that had just happened

Couldn't move memories into LTM

could more people remember more short words than long words in serial recall test

Procedure:

reading speed of ppt was measured

given 5 words of screen

one set one-syllable words, one set multi-syllable words

ppts were asked to write down 5 words in order immediately after presentation

Findings:

more short words were recalled than long words

able to recall as many words as they could say in 2 seconds

strong and correlation between reading speed + memory span

Conclusion:

immediate memory span can hold 2 seconds worth of words

how long STM lasts when rehearsal is prevented

Procedure:

ppts were briefly showed 3 letters (trigram)

ppts were asked to count backwards to stop them rehearsing the letters

after 3,6,9,12,15 and 18 seconds, they were asked to recall the original 3 letters in order

Findings:

80% of trigrams were recalled after 3 seconds

by 18 second, less than 10% of trigrams could be recalled

Conclusion:

when rehearsal is prevented, STM doesn't last as long

effects of acoustic and semantic encoding in STM

Procedure:

ppts divided into 4 groups

1. acoustically similar words

2. acoustically dissimilar words

3. semantically similar words

4. semantically dissimilar words

participants were immediately asked to recall the words

Findings:

55% A.S words were recalled

75% A.D words were recalled

Semantically similar and dissimilar words were similar

Conclusion:

STM relies more on acoustics than semantics

effects of acoustic and semantic encoding in LTM

Procedure:

ppts divided into 4 groups

1. acoustically similar words

2. acoustically dissimilar words

3. semantically similar words

4. semantically dissimilar words

after 20 minutes, they were given another task to do before having to recall the words

Findings:

55% S.S words were recalled

85% S.D words were recalled

recall was similar for A.S and A.DConclusion:

Conclusion:

LTM relies more on semantics than acoustics

establish the existence of very LTM, seeing if there's a difference between recognition and recall

Procedure:

investigators found old high school graduates, over a 50 year period in america

group 1- recalled names from memory

group 2 - matched names to faces

Finding:

group 1: after 42 years, less than 20% accuracy

group 2: after 47 years, 60% accuracy

Conclusion:

certain information can be remembered for very long periods of time

LTM is better as recognition than recall