REVIEW MODAL VERBS:

Express degrees of certainty about things in the past using modal verbs like must, can't, may, might and could.

Very certain

Use must.

I must pay the tickets to travel to Peru in February.

ex: i must work this new year eve.

Have to ( necessity) 

I have to pay ….

ex: i have to visit my family before new year eve.

ex; ela precisa visitar a familia dela.

ex: she has to visit her family.

ex: he has to pay me back

she has a car

i have a car

Less certain

Use may, might or could.

May i seat by your side?

As I  went alone to Peru, I needed people to take pictures for me: can you take a picture? / may you take a picture of me please?

i might spend new year eve at home.

i will spend new year eve at home.

Rob may/might/could have eaten my cake. (It's possible but there isn't strong evidence.)

Impossible

Use can't.

Rob can't have eaten my cake. (He's not at work today.)

ABOUT THE STORY:

NEW WORDS:

Homework:

This week I have many things to do, such as: to make sweets for christmas dessert; to do hair and nails to look beautiful at the party!

This year I will help my family to make the best Christmas party of all! I hope that everyone will do their part!

A social media influencer has gone to jail after crashing a plane on purpose for a YouTube video.

Trevor Jacob, an experienced pilot and skydiver, jumped out of the plane while filming himself on a selfie stick.

He'd pretended there were engine problems and later he tried to cover up the crash.

Key words and phrases

staging

organising and doing

1.The workers staged a walkout after hearing about pay cuts.

2.It wasn't an accident. It was staged! He meant to do it.

3. The bolsonaristas staged a publicly stunt on the street.

gain

something useful or positive for you

1.The business increased their prices for financial gain.

2. Weight gain is a common side effect of this medication.

3. The supporters from Bolsonaro's party gained attention globaly after horrible stunt in the brazilian palace.

stunt

something done for attention

1.The magician walked on water as part of a publicity stunt.

2.Don't try that stunt with me. I know you like broccoli so eat it all up.

3. I made stunt to spend new year eve at home.

HOMEWORK:

The Bolsonarists made a horrible staged to gain the world’s attention and challenge the new government; but this stunt was considered a state crime.

1. I WAS IN THE LINE WAITING TO BE CALLED, BUT NOBODY CALLED ME, SO I REMAINED THERE FOR 2 HOURS.

2. THE TEACHER WAS VERY ANGRY AND HE ASKED THE STUDENTS TO REMAIN QUIET.

3. GINA DIDN'T CALL! AND I HAD REMAINED ON THE APP FOR HER ANSWER.

REMAIN MEANS; STAY IN THE SAME CONDITION, PLACE OR EXIST IN A LONG TIME.

EXTRA EXAMPLES:

I TRY TO REMAIN LEARNING ENGLISH.

HE REMAINED IN SAME JOB FOR YEARS.

HOMEWORK 03/01 (CREATED MORE 2 EXAMPLE TO REMAIN AND MODAL VERBS).

1. My teacher said that I must remain studying English.

2. I can’t remain without exercising or I’ll get fat.

3. Could you remain helping me? I can’t finish on time alone!

4. May I come in? I will remain silent!

5. I didn't stage WELL and DIDN'T WIN the prize! I'll remain training more!

6. THERE MIGHT BE some other stunt to improve my performance.

MAY/MIGHT

The story  

Emergency services are searching for trapped survivors following powerful earthquakes in Japan.

(I THINK THE GOVERNMENT MUST ACT FAST)

At least 64 people have died so far after the series of quakes on New Year’s Day.

EMERGENCY SERVICES SHOULD BE ALERT IN CASE OF AFTERSHOCKS.

Images taken by helicopters show many fires and widespread damage to buildings and infrastructure.

THESE IMAGES CAN MOVE PEOPLE TO DONATE AND HELP JAPAN AROUND THE WORLD.

Key words and phrases

battle against time 

rush to complete something/ LUTAR CONTRA O TEMPO

The surgeon raced to save the car crash survivor in a battle against time.

Residents were in a battle against time to evacuate their homes during the floods.

1. (SHOULD/SHOULDN'T)

   The world should be helping Japan to battle against time.

rocked by

moved from one side to another or shaken emotionally/BALANCADO/,MEXIDO/MOVIMENTADO/

Boats were rocked by the huge storm as it hit the harbour.

The international community was rocked by the terrorist attack.

1. MUST/MUSTN'T

The japaneses must be rocked by aftershocks

aftershock

a smaller, secondary earthquake

The aftershock following the main earthquake made rescue efforts more difficult.

Earthquake victims were advised to stay vigilant in case of aftershocks.

CAN/CANNOT.

The people can be scared with more aftershocks.

I think that i can´t live without plastics because is a cheap product and everybody has access for it

Homework: new words + modals verbs (can, could, may, might, must, should, shall, will e would)

single-use plastic
plastic products which are designed to be used just once before being thrown away

• We should minimize the use of single-use Plastic

microbeads
tiny plastic particles found in personal care products like toothpastes and body scrubs

• I believe you should use exfoliating soap with microbeads once a week

• You must stop using this toothpaste with microbeads ! It’s spoiling your teething!

synthetic
non-natural; made by combining artificial man-made chemicals

• It is almost impossible to do without using synthetic materials; but we should try to reduce the use!

biodegrade
decay naturally, in a way that is not harmful

• All people should train survival with biodegradable things!

few and far between
very rare; not happening very often

• Is so few and far between to think that the world could stop using plastics

unsightly
ugly; unattractive; unpleasant to look at

• It’s a little unsightly not to worry about the world.

Actually, i like to DO nothing and watch Netflix but i know that i should exercise and have a good alimentation and have a good night sleeping. Having a regular checkup is also good, i am normally tired and i am not doing any exercise because i am working too much that makes me very sad after all.

Is Monique healthy or sedentary?

she is more healthy but she should do more to improve her health.

Word bank:

kicking habits - stopping habits

longevity - greater durability
adopting - taking as your own

HOMEWORK - Sentences with the new words:

• To have a greater longevity, we must kick harmful habit and adopt good routine for better quality of life.

• He kicked the habit of smoking.

• i kicked the habit of saying words in Spanish during my english class.

• People today are having more longevity because they have adopted healthier habits.

SH = SUGAR

CH = CHAIR

HEALTH

I HAVE A NICE HEALTH.

HEALTHY

I ALWAYS CONSUME HEALTHY FOOD.

HEALTHIER

I HAVE A HEALTHIER DIET THAN MY SISTER. ( COMPARISON).

HEALTHIEST

I THINK TO BE VEGAN IS NOT THE HEALTHIEST. ( SUPERLATIVE - OPINION WITHOUT COMPARISON).

THE HEALTHIEST FRUIT IS FOR ME WATERMELON.

Grammar:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/intermediate/unit-1/tab/grammar

Video content: 

SHALL IS MORE PERMISSIONS IN SPEAKING, FOR EXAMPLE:

SHALL I TALK TO YOU? MAYBE YOU WANT TO TALK WITH A FRIEND ( YOU HAVE A CLOSE RELATIONSHIP/ INFORMAL).

SHALL I COME IN?

OUGHT TO = NEED TO

Grammar exploration: 

to ban = means to prohibit something

in the past =banned

ING = banning

words related to the class:

meat patties

food/ healthy

steak

plant based products.

aisles = corridors ( window or aisle)

shelves

Sentences and new words: 

My husband made one meaty surprise for me.

In my job I hear a lot of salvos.

On friday I will reignite my passion for english.

Feedback: 

I like it. because i love dogs and animals and generally more dogs than others.They are very domestic animals so, they always need our help.

SUMMARY:

THE MEAT OF DOGS ( DOG MEAT) WAS BANNED (BAND) IN A NEW LAW . AND MANY PEOPLE AND CAMPAIGNERS ARE OVERJOYED FOR THIS EVENT.

BAN

BANNED ( BAN IT)

BANNING

TALKED (TALKT)

WORD BANK AND EXTRA EXAMPLES:

history in the making
an event that will be remembered as really significant

• Sending astronauts to the Moon was history in the making.

• The election of the first female US president will be history in the making.

• THE BANNING ON DOG MEAT CONSUMPTION IN SOUTH KOREA IS A HISTORY IN THE MAKING.

off the menu
not an option

• We haven’t got any bread at home, so sandwiches are off the menu.

• A holiday is off the menu this month because I’ve got too many work deadlines.

• GOING BACK WITH MY EX HUSBAND IS OFF THE MENU.

overjoyed
very happy 

• She was overjoyed to receive the acceptance letter from her dream university.

• The parents were overjoyed to see their son taking his first steps.

• I WILL BE OVERJOYED WHEN I BECOME FLUENT IN ENGLISH.

EXTRA WORDS:

MALE/ FEMALE

SENTENCE EXPLORATION:

Well, i think that is bad because teenagers do not live real life, and they are living a virtual life that doesn't exit, damaging their relationship with others and having psychological problems.

Pronunciation = life -live- damaging - psychological- nowadays- currently.

Video content:

the podcast: they said that a lot of adolescents are using social media without control. and this is so bad because they have problems in all aspects of life such as relationship with their parents and friends , studies, psycological disorders and more.

Grammar exploration: 

There has been growing agreement among health experts about the negative, chronic health effects of social media use on teenagers. They have revealed in surveys that social media makes them feel worse about their body image, and 64% of teens have said they are regularly exposed to hate-based content. In this programme, we’ll be discussing how social media affects teenagers, and, as usual, we’ll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.

present perfect: actions in the past that are relevant in the present moment or at the time of speaking.

i have written a book

i have been writing a book all this time

i wrote a book

words from the podcast:

adolescent
a person aged 10 to 19: between childhood and adulthood

fed
given content by a social media platform

i am always fed with content that my cellphone hears from me talking.

algorithms
a complex set of rules and calculations that prioritise and personalise online content.

revenue
the money a company earns, which could come from sales or advertising.

many companies get good revenue from their products when they go on promotion.

onus
responsibility or duty

every parent has an onus to look for their children.

a losing battle
a fight you cannot win

sometimes losing weight for some people is a losing battle.

Word bank: 

TEENS

TEENAGERS

KIDS

TODDLER

HEALTH

HEALTHY

APPS

SITES

VIDEO GAMES

BOMBARDING INFORMATION

ALLOW (VERB)

1. do you invest?

No, i don't invest but financially i invest in my education.

1. do you think people should invest more and more?

   
   

   I don't think they should invest more and more but they should invest in a kind of investment that they can keep their money.

   
   

2. what is your opinion about the people who invest?

   
   

Well, i have envy because they have knowledge and i don't know how to do the same.

Word bank:

to invest

budget

investment

coins

wage/salary

to debt

withdraw money (ATM)

TO BUY/ TO PAY/ TO BORROW/ TO LEND/ TO PAY BACK/

TO REFUND/

_________________________

Account - Conta

Mattress - Colchão

Being - Ser

Fund - Fundo

Green - Verde

Ignorant - Ignorante

Naïve - Ingênuo

Reveal - Revelar

Concerns - Preocupação

Led - Conduzido

Sustainable - Sustentável

Decades - Década

Ballooned - Inchaço

Viewed - Visto

Had - Ter

Greenwashing - Lavagem verde

To tackle - enfrentar

Huge - enorme

Amongst - Entre

Investors - Investidores

Environmental - Ambiental

Ethical - Ético

Niche - Nicho

Interesting - Interessante

Appealing - Atraente

Increased - Aumentado

Idiom - Expressão idiomática

Meaning - Significado

Involved - Envolvido

Interested - Interessado

Attempting - Tentativa

To appear - Aparecer

Likely - Provável

Threaten - Ameaçar

To take - Tomar

Elsewhere - Em outro lugar

Amount of - Quantidade de

Even - Mesmo

Former - Antigo

Accounting - Contabilidade

Quite - Bastante

Whether - Quer

To share - Partilhar

Luckily - Felizmente

Customer - Cliente

Right - Direita

Into - Em

Recap - Recapitulação

Attempts - tentativas

To seem - Parecer

Grammar exploration: 

Far from - Longe de

Environmentally friendly - Amigo do ambiente

Dirty practices - Práticas sujas

Oil drilling - Perfuração de petróleo

We’ll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well - Vamos aprender um novo vocabulário útil também

Crisis worsens - Crise piora

Driving less or cycling more - Dirigindo menos ou pedalando mais

One of the most effective things - Uma das coisas mais eficazes

Make My Money Matter - Faça meu dinheiro ser importante

Following is the best way to fight - Seguir é a melhor maneira de lutar

To change your pension - Para mudar sua pensão

I’ll guess - Eu acho

Costing the Earth - Custando a terra

Broadened hugely - Ampliado enormemente

Jumping on the bandwagon - Saltando sobre a onda

Rely on customers’ money - Confie no dinheiro dos clientes

Raised millions of pounds - Levantou milhões de libras

Go for it! - Vá em frente com isso!

It will get better the more the spotlight is put on exactly what an ethical or sustainable pension is doing - Vai melhorar quanto mais os holofotes forem colocados no que exatamente uma pensão ética ou sustentável está fazendo.

Meaning open - Significado aberto

In turn puts the spotlight on how pension funds are being used - Por sua vez, coloca os holofotes sobre como os fundos de pensão estão sendo usados

Support large oil corporations - Apoiar grandes corporações petrolíferas

Renewable energy companies - Empresas de energia renovável

By managing our money ethically - Gerenciando nosso dinheiro eticamente

The most - O mais

In fact - De fato

Is thought - É pensamento

Avoiding meat and stopping flying put together - Evitar carne e parar de voar juntos

Several meanings - Vários significados

Interest appeals - Recursos de juros

Hidden secrets - Segredos escondidos

To draw - Desenhar

Once again - Mais uma vez

Are up - São para cima

Join us again soon - Junte-se a nós novamente em breve

Bye for now - Adeus por enquanto

The podcast speaks about investments and how many we are green and naive in this topic; unfortunately a few people do have the knowledge to search and to know the destiny of their investments, we do not know if our money in sit in the bank or it is used in actions that help the earth.

I think is so fancy the people that has knowledge about investments; I would like to be this way, but I am afraid too, because is a risk and besides that you can lose all your money.

Yeah, but I would recommend only in investments that you know and that you trust .

i guess the new generation would need to learn more about investment from the school and in this way they will avoid future problems like nowadays.

Are you happy doing what you do? Why? 

well, yes i feel so happy at work but i guess i would like to help more my patients.

because in everything we do we have limitations and i would like to learn more to help more.

Vocabulary

burnout
lack of energy or enthusiasm because of working too hard

example: get/burnout

after long years working under pressure in the same company, Maria got burnout because she always worked too hard.

deadline
the time or date by which a particular job must be finished 

example: meet/deadline

Maria didn't meet the deadline to hand in the report for her boss.

eu preciso alcançar o prazo de entrega do produto

i need to meet the deadline to deliver the product.

to be breathing down someone’s neck
(idiom) to watch someone very closely and check everything they do

eu nao posso mais ficar atrasado com o relatório porque meu chefe agora esta de olho comigo.

i can't delay with the report because my boss is breathing down my neck.

presenteeism
staying at work longer than usual, or going to work when you are ill, to show that you work hard and are important to your employer.

maria precisa parar de se mostrar para o trabalho dela, eles nao se importam pelo trabalho dela. entao ela deveria ficar menos cansada por trabalhar muito.

Maria needs to stop presenteeism at work, they really don't care about her, so she should get less tired for working too hard.

work-life balance
the amount of time you spend doing your job compared with the amount of time you spend relaxing with your family and doing things you enjoy

I got divorced because my ex husband didn't give me work-life balance; he worked so much and arrived at home very tired; i think he got burnout!

win-win
a situation or result that is good for everyone involved

I think that every environment at work should be win-win - good among people.

Podcast content: 

the podcast it talks about the conditions of work that make people feel exhausted or happy, and it depends on what they do at work and they explain how to be protected in a good work environment.

Word bank:

tomorrow - day off- holiday - change shift- morning shift - on duty - on schedule- schedule - on time - on date - meet deadlines - delay - on delay - delayed - vacation - on vacation- from last week until/ till now - don't get along - boss- co-workers ( work colleagues) - feel - sad - miserable - at work - even - till - employee -employer

Final thought: 

Describe your job:
I work with disabled people that have problems with audition, speaking and other disabilities.

Word bank:
Depends on /

pick up the slack

do work that someone else hasn't done

Tony left suddenly, we're all going to have to pick up the slack.

Sorry I had to leave early. Thanks for picking up the slack.

1. My old colleague didn't like to work and I had to pick up the slack

drive the trend

make a pattern happen

The hot weather has driven the trend for gourmet ice cream.

Environmental concerns have driven the trend for plant-based food.

1.Nowadays crossfit has driven a trend for healthy habits

put in

spend

If you put in the hours, you'll get promoted.

My aunt put a lot of money into my company.

1.I have put in my time for learning english.

What do you think about having women working more than men?

I think the women always worked more! They had to pick up the slack all the time! The women work in the job, at home with domestic routine, with their kids... It's so exhausting their life!

1.what do you think about way of work would be in the future?

I think that the job would be in the future more remotely, people would stay more at home and everything will be done online.

Word bank  :

[HOMEWORK]

diseases - doenças

predicted - previu

eventually - eventualmente, finalmente

in fact - de fato

there have been - houve, tem havido

take over - assumir, dominar, tomar conta

as usual - como de constume

employees - funcionários

gave - deu, dei, deram

trial - teste

shorter - mais curto

whatever - qualquer que seja

as we've seen - como vimos

accurate - preciso, exato

whatever - qualquer que seja

as we’ve seen - como vimos

accurate - precisa, exata

that have been made - que foram feitos

certainly - certamente

working lifetime - vida útil

predicted - previsto

a large pinch of salt - uma grande pitada de sal

haven't to came to pass - não vieram a passar

sceptical - céptico

track record - histórico

to doubt - duvidar de

likely - provável

achievements - conquistas

failures - falhas

old-fashioned - antiquado

leisure - lazer

tech dystopian - distópico tecnológico

rid of - livrar-se de

I do worry - eu me preocupo

disruption - perturbação

although - emobra

crop up - surgir

aligned - alinhado

coordination - coordenação

nightmarish - pesadelo

suffering - sofrimento

no longer want it - não o quer mais

replace - substituir

crop up - surgir

appear - aparecer

unexpectedly - inesperadamente

unexpected - inesperado

Anyway - de qualquer maneira

I reckon - acho que

all agree - todos concordam

trying out - teste

whopping - gritante

keeping - manutenção

with bosses as well as workers - com chefes, bem como trabalhadores

To come to pass / to take place or happen - acontecer

foresees - prevê

get rid of livrar-se de

no longer want - não quer mais

crops up - surge

are up - estão acima

once again - mais uma vez

trending topics - tópicos de tendência

Vídeo content:

[HOMEWORK] The text deals with future predictions of the work future, with probable extinctions (we might get rid) of some professions - exchanged/ replaced for technology-, more remote work, less office time. Many predictions that were made long ago, are still far from coming true. I don't believe that everything that is said, will happen. There is an exaggeration - pinch of salt. Changes will exist, but new demands and opportunities will also appear - crop up.

Grammar input:

I'm not a tech dystopian, I don't think that machines or AI are going to get rid of all jobs, but I do worry about a sequencing risk. So, there will be some disruption from AI. Some jobs, some professions are at risk. And, although economists like to say new jobs will crop up, they won't necessarily be aligned at the same time – there won't be coordination.

Expanding vocabulary:

Get rid of = to eliminate/ to discard.

I need to get rid of all my books from elementary school, they all are on my shelves and I need this space.

Ex: I will get rid of my old clothes and the ones that don’t fit me anymore.

Although/ but

Although, I don’t like romantic music music I like Whitney Houston.

I don’t like romantic music, although I like Whitney.

Conjunction: though/ although/ however/ nevertheless/ 

what i know about France is that they speak French, and the natives don't like to speak english but they prefer to speak Spanish.

I don't know much about the french government but i think they are narrow - minded.

2. do you agree with the right for women to have the option to abortion?

Depends on the situation, because if this turns to be normal, the hospitals can collapse with the number of patients with this problem and the other patients can suffer the consequences. And the best way is letting people to know about sex education. and the abortion in cases is very violent and complex because women have the worst part in this decision.

3 video content;

4. vocabulary:

enshrines
protects something in law

• The right to free speech has been enshrined in the country's constitution.

• The idea that education should be free has now been enshrined in law.

• Maradona was a soccer player, that was enshrined around the world.

lament
express sadness

• Health campaigners lamented the increase in junk food advertising.

• The manager lamented the team's missed chances.

• We brazilians lamented that our soccer players are famous for sexual harrassment.

follow its lead
go in the same direction

• We just found a successful company and followed its lead.

• Dancing is easy. Just follow my lead.

• My friend is very fluent in ingles and I will follow his lead.

Video content: what are they talking about in the video?

the video talks about the benefits of laughing and it can heal diseases like heart attacks or broken hearts, literally.

Key words and phrases

having a laugh
enjoying yourself or making a joke ( i am joking with you/ i am kidding)

• Come out tonight! We'll have a laugh!

• Are you serious or just having a laugh?

• my boss is a joker. literally we are always having a laugh!

literally
using the real meaning of a word

• We received literally thousands of applications.

• Excitement is building as we are literally seconds away from kick-off.

• i was literally speaking english with thousands of people.

first-of-its-kind
different to anything before

• This is the world's oldest car – it's the first of its kind.

• The film was the first of its kind. No-one had made one like that before.

• the walkman was very useful in the 90's at that time it was the first of its kind.

  
  

Grammar input: 

gerunds and infinitives

i want to go home

i need to study more

i learn english to have a better conversation.

is laughing good for your heart?

caminhar é bom pra voce

walking is good for you

(for/ about/ after/ while/when/)

cuando comecar o video voce pode tomar nota.

when beginning the video you can take notes

i use my computer for registering all the names in the system.

thank you for coming!

i am laughing at your face!

homework: can you write about any device or a thing that we don't use anymore because of the new tendencies of technology and can be described as first of its kind?

The VCR was used for a long time and was the first-of-its-kind, allowing us to watch movies and videos. Then, came the DVD, which nowadays also fell into disuse. Currently we watch movies and videos on streaming platforms.

Another thing absolete is the landline, the letters - currently, we get contact and having a laugh with someone, even far away, at the same instant; including seeing it by video-calls. We have the world in the palm of our hands, literally.

Useful vocabulary: for (durations) and since (from a point in time)

• When the time period has not yet finished.

Useful vocabulary: already (expresses that something happened sooner than expected), yet (up until now), still (up until now)

• Something that happened in the past but is relevant in the present. 

Useful vocabulary: already (expresses that something happened sooner than expected), yet (up until now), still (up until now)

• Life experiences without specifying when they happened. The time is not important or not known. 

Useful vocabulary: never (to say that you have not experienced something)

• Actions that happened in the very recent past. 

Useful vocabulary: 'just' to emphasise how recent.

STRUCTURE 

I have worked a lot!

She has taked several courses to become fluent in English.

Have you understood what happened?

He hasn't ever been to Peru.

neg: she isn't living in my neighborhood.

inter: are you working more than before?

can we use present continuous for future? future arrangements?

i am seeing my mother at the cafe tomorrow.

i am buying a new cellphone after tomorrow.

tomorrow.

Video content: what are they talking about in the video?

the video talks about the benefits of laughing and it can heal diseases like heart attacks or broken hearts, literally.

Key words and phrases

having a laugh
enjoying yourself or making a joke ( i am joking with you/ i am kidding)

• Come out tonight! We'll have a laugh!

• Are you serious or just having a laugh?

• my boss is a joker. literally we are always having a laugh!

literally
using the real meaning of a word

• We received literally thousands of applications.

• Excitement is building as we are literally seconds away from kick-off.

• i was literally speaking english with thousands of people.

first-of-its-kind
different to anything before

• This is the world's oldest car – it's the first of its kind.

• The film was the first of its kind. No-one had made one like that before.

• the walkman was very useful in the 90's at that time it was the first of its kind.

  
  

Grammar input: 

gerunds and infinitives

i want to go home

i need to study more

i learn english to have a better conversation.

is laughing good for your heart?

caminhar é bom pra voce

walking is good for you

(for/ about/ after/ while/when/)

cuando comecar o video voce pode tomar nota.

when beginning the video you can take notes

i use my computer for registering all the names in the system.

thank you for coming!

i am laughing at your face!

homework: can you write about any device or a thing that we don't use anymore because of the new tendencies of technology and can be described as first of its kind?

The VCR was used for a long time and was the first-of-its-kind, allowing us to watch movies and videos. Then, came the DVD, which nowadays also fell into disuse. Currently we watch movies and videos on streaming platforms.

Another absolete thing is the landline (telephone service), the letters at the post office - currently, we get contact and having a laugh with someone, even far away, at the same instant; including seeing it by video-calls. We have the world in the palm of our hands, literally.

well, i guess i feel tired and with no power during the days that i wake up earlier and that makes me very tired.

have you felt depressed at work?

sometimes i feel depressed because the life is so fast and you don't see your activities going or sometimes you don't have time to organize your things at home, at work, or in your personal life.

The story  

People who start work outside of the regular 9 to 5 hours are at a higher risk of poor mental health.

A new study of UK workers has found those who work shifts are more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety.

Smoking, lack of sleep and exercise are more common among shift workers.

In the study, shifts are defined as work which starts outside 9am to 5pm.

Key words and phrases

tied to/ tie
linked to

• The police tied Harry to the crime after they found his fingerprints at the scene.

• Getting a good night's sleep is tied to living a longer and healthier life.

• living more is tied to a good alimentation and doing exercise.

after all
a different result to what you expected

• I thought the festival would be cancelled, but it went ahead after all.

• I wasn't sure about the food. It didn’t look good, but it tasted great after all.

• my two friends had an argument in the party, i thought they would break up but during the party the dj played their favorite love song and they kissed, it was a good moment for them after all.

odd
unusual/ odd number

• That's odd. Katrina is never late. I hope she's OK.

• We went to a strange museum. It had a lot of odd artefacts.

• my ex boyfriend called me during the midnight, that was odd!

Word bank: 

lead = lidar (leader) / lifestyle key/ the document is attached in the email /related/linked to /outside of the regular 9 to 5/ smocking/ lack of exercise/ unfortunately/ is not a reality/ nowadays/

Critical thinking:  Do you think that companies should care more about their workers and consider more flexible time for them in order to have a healthier life after work? make your explanation here:

I think companies should care more about their employees; hiring more people and diluting the workday (shift work) would help reduce stress and fatigue. This would also help people have more time to take care of their health and spend time with their family. But unfortunately, the world nowadays is capitalist and companies always want to pay less and earn more; always increasing the working day and contributing to the increase of stress and anxiety of people.

I get extremely tired of working, taking care of the house and still having to exercise - imagine who has children, who has many other responsibilities and lives in extreme mental and physical fatigue.

Living today is very difficult, less and less satisfying (rewarding)!

what i know about France is that they speak French, and the natives don't like to speak english but they prefer to speak Spanish.

I don't know much about the french government but i think they are narrow - minded.

2. do you agree with the right for women to have the option to abortion?

Depends on the situation, because if this turns to be normal, the hospitals can collapse with the number of patients with this problem and the other patients can suffer the consequences. And the best way is letting people to know about sex education. and the abortion in cases is very violent and complex because women have the worst part in this decision.

3 video content;

4. vocabulary:

enshrines
protects something in law

• The right to free speech has been enshrined in the country's constitution.

• The idea that education should be free has now been enshrined in law.

• Maradona was a soccer player, that was enshrined around the world.

lament
express sadness

• Health campaigners lamented the increase in junk food advertising.

• The manager lamented the team's missed chances.

• We brazilians lamented that our soccer players are famous for sexual harrassment.

follow its lead
go in the same direction

• We just found a successful company and followed its lead.

• Dancing is easy. Just follow my lead.

• My friend is very fluent in ingles and I will follow his lead.

about the news:

practicing the language:

grammar exploration:

• Mark said he’d go sky diving but chickened out at the last minute.
  

• Ellie’s freaking out because she’s doing a presentation for 100 people tomorrow. 
  

• Everyone’s here at the meeting now so let’s get into it.
  

• I don’t want to wake up early tomorrow. I want to feel fully rested.  
  

• Fernanda needs to put on the silver dress before she walks on the runway. 
  

• Please, pick up your clothes from the floor. It’s a mess in here!
  

• The bath is ready now, so you can turn off the tap.
  

• Here, take my seat. I’ll stand up.
  

• I’ll look after you when you come home from hospital. I’ll make you meals and help you shower.
  

• Daniel’s been travelling for a year, but he’s coming back next week.
  

i think this is expected because the world and the weather is changing due to climate change and global warming.

Word bank:

hot/ global warming/ climate change/due to/hot/hotter/ the hottest/ever/

News description:

The world is passing by a global warming and the people may suffer the consequences of it. The scientists confirm that March was the hottest month ever.

Extra examples: 

usher in
show where to go
• We ushered in the New Year with a huge party.
• The working from home policy ushered in a new era for the company.

EX: The scientists have been ushering in how to minimize/decrease the effect of the climate change.

on borrowed time
lasting longer than expected
• We're all on borrowed time. Climate change will make the planet unliveable eventually.
• My dog wasn't expected to live longer than 13 years. He's living on borrowed time.

EX: People that are born with a degenerative disease/sickness are linving on borrowed time.

caps
completes
• The London concert capped the band's year-long world tour.
• The last week of June capped the end of the exam period for the students.

EX: My post- graduation course is capping soon.

Grammar input:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/lower-intermediate/unit-13/tab/grammar

Homework:

I prefer sweeter things than savory. (salty)

Working is as good as resting.

Juliana developed more than Raquel.

Nowadays people prefer to have money than free time.

I’m the youngest cousin of my management.

This is the fastest car of this brand.

He doesn’t seem happier than she does.

She is shorter than him; in fact, he is the tallest of his family.

2020 was the worst year of the decade; it was when the world went through one of the worst pandemics.

opinion: I guess it's because everybody knows smocking is very prejudicial for health, but who is smokes is probably addicted to it. And the majority of these addictions are diseases that people have.

About the news:

banning = prohibited/banir

for life

smoking/ smokers

to make the sentences

Examples: 

Key words and phrases

backlash
strong rejection of an idea
• There was a backlash from parents when the school started charging for books.
• Expect a backlash when you announce longer waiting hours.

People will have a backlash about banning smoking in the UK.

derail
prevent a plan happening
• The striking workers derailed the government's plans for pay cuts.
• The pandemic derailed everyone's holiday plans for two years.

The companny will derail our sistem.

nuts
crazy
• Trying to teach dogs to speak English is nuts.
• She suggested climbing Mount Everest after just one week of training, which was nuts.

People who smoke are nuts.

Written assignment:

How banning smoking can be nuts for the market in the UK?

I think the law is a good idea to prevent new smokers, but I do think that something will have to be done for the people who already smoke. In my opinion many people will suffer the consequences for their addiction.

chicken out
decide not to do something because you are scared 

• Mark said he’d go sky diving but chickened out at the last minute.
  - Well, there was some concern you might chicken out.

freak out
lose emotional control (from shock, excitement, fear etc.)

• Ellie’s freaking out because she’s doing a presentation for 100 people tomorrow. 

  - He freaked out after seeing his bride with another guy.
  

get into (something)
start

• Everyone’s here at the meeting now so let’s get into it.

  - I will get into studying English daily.
  

wake up
open your eyes and stop sleeping

• I don’t want to wake up early tomorrow. I want to feel fully rested.  

  - I wake up at 4:40 every day
  

put (something) on
get dressed into an item of clothing

• Fernanda needs to put on the silver dress before she walks on the runway. 
  - Yesterday I woke up late; I put on any clothes and ran away.

pick (something) up
grab and lift something

• Please, pick up your clothes from the floor. It’s a mess in here!
  - Saturday I will help pick up the dirt from the beach.

turn (something) on/off
start or give power to something electrical or mechanical

• The bath is ready now, so you can turn off the tap.

  - It’s too hot today! Can you please turn on the air conditioner?
  

stand up
rise to your feet

• Here, take my seat. I’ll stand up.

  - During long flights it is interesting stand up and walk a little to avoid thrombosis.
  

look after (someone or something)
to take care of someone or something

• I’ll look after you when you come home from hospital. I’ll make you meals and help you shower.

  - I’ll look after my friend’s dog while he travels.
  

come back
return

• Daniel’s been travelling for a year, but he’s coming back next week.
  - When I go out, I want to come back home quickly.

Key words and phrases

poised

ready for action

• The cat was poised to jump on the mouse.

• The company is poised to announce massive job cuts.

- He was poised to travel.

declares war on

tries to defeat

• The school governors declared war on vaping among students.

• The government has said it’s declaring war on unemployment.

- Employees declared war on managers.

sort of

in a way; kind of

• It’s sort of spring, but it’s still really cold.

• I sort of want to go to this party, but there are also people I want to avoid.

- Mothers are a sort of super heroines.

A city council has declared war on pizza and ice cream because local residents have complained about the noise on the street late at night. this is probably because of the increase of visitors in the country.

what do you think the goverment and the visitors must do to keep pizza and ice cream available?

- In my opinion, the city council should make a meeting with local residents, with the owners of ice cream and pizzerias, seeking an agreement between them, such as setting the opening hours, with earlier closure. I think they could also implement the noise reduction schedule with employees and customers, perhaps, charging a sort of fine to those who, for example, after a certain time, keep talking loudly or making excessive noise.

A city council has declared war on pizza and ice cream because local residents have complained about the noise on the street late at night. this is probably because of the increase of visitors in the country.

what do you think the goverment and the visitors must do to keep pizza and ice cream available?

- I believe that the measures mentioned above can be a good option to avoid war between them. Entering into an agreement must be interesting!

healthy living is about waking up early, stretching my body, doing some exercise, eating healthy, having enough sleep and having good laughs.

how about you?

so, for me i think it's the same except waking up early, i agree with everything you said.

The story  

Your DNA can influence how long you live, but it’s still worth leading a healthy life, according to new research. 

In the first study of its kind, scientists explored whether the negative impact of genetics on life expectancy could be reduced by a healthy lifestyle.

Habits to extend life include regular exercise, a healthy diet, no smoking and getting enough sleep.

Key words and phrases

prolong
extend the duration

• We’ve got lots to do today, so let’s not prolong this meeting unnecessarily.

• He’s hopeful that the surgery will prolong his life, not shorten it.

• It doesn't make sense to prolong the meeting.

offset
do something good to reduce the effect of something bad

• Planting trees helps offset carbon emissions by absorbing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.

• Eating a balanced diet can offset the negative effects of stress on the body.

• Your boyfriend can offset you with flowers.

tweaks
a small adjustment

• After a few tweaks to the recipe, it was perfect.

• We often make small tweaks to our video scripts before recording.

• I need more time to tweak my presentation.

Footnotes: 

The book was on the table, but I put it under the shelf.

Rio grande do sul is in calamity.

Argentina is next to Brazil.

She’s behind the boy in the red blouse in line.

The church is in front of the pharmacy.

I live above a shop, which is between an ice cream shop and a butcher’s shop.

• follow 'unless' with a positive verb

• UNLESS YOU INVITED ME TO THE PARTY, I WON'T GO!

• avoid using a negative in the 'unless clause'

• UNLESS HE WANTS TO TRAVEL, HE WILL HAVE TO PAY THE TICKET.

• don't make questions with 'unless'

EXTRA EXAMPLES:

1 Unless I study more, I wont speak ingles

2 Unless Its rainining, we will go to the beach

3 Unless there is good food in the restaurant, I'm not in the mood.

HOMEWORK 20/05/24

4) Unless for to wake up much earlier, I will go to the running.

5) She will be sick unless she stops eating fast food.

6) You can not be successful unless you study.

7) Unless he explain himself, I won't understand.

or

Unless he explain, I won't understande him.

8) I don't pick up the phone unless it's necessary.

9) A baby never cries unless its hungry.

10) Unless you are to tired let's go for a walk at the park.

Floods/ flooding / draught area /float/ floating/ destruction/ to be drown/ drowning/it became a viral news/pouring/chucking it down/death toll/misplaced/earthquakes/chaos/cause/unleash /heavy rain/

what is happening in Brazil?

In Brazil is happening a big torrential rain and the cities are flooding and many people are displaced from their homes. All the country is concerned about the state of the southern in Brazil and the floods are wreaking havoc and people are working and helping the victims.

torrential

heavy rain

I'm scared of the torrential rain that will come here.

The storm brought torrential rain, causing widespread damage.

You’ll need to bring your umbrella – the rain is torrential out there!

displaced

moved from original position

The people must be displaced from the risky place.

The earthquake displaced thousands of people from their homes.

The displaced families had to find temporary shelter when the floods destroyed their homes.

wreak havoc

cause chaos

The polution causes climate change and wreak havoc in the wolrd.

The hurricane wreaked havoc along the coastline, destroying homes and flooding streets.

The train delays and cancellations wreaked havoc on many people’s morning commutes.

The goverment should have created ways to protect the southern; the people should ask benefitsn and ask for their rights.

your boss wants to stay at the hospital for more extra hours but you can't , what would you tell him?

i am very sorry but i can't stay for extra hours, if you had said to me before, i would have canceled my plans or prepared myself.

your mother is celebrating her birthday and she was expecting a present from you, but what you brought is not what she wanted! what would you say to your mom at the moment she sees your present?

oh mom i am very sorry, i would have bought you something better if you'd told me what you needed!

you couldn't buy the tickets for bruno mars concert, you missed the chance to buy it because you were very busy.

if i'd had time, i would have bought the tickets for Bruno Mars' concert.

if i had worked less today, i would have been active in my english class.

homework:

create 3 sentences with the third conditional

1) If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.

2) If my alarm had gone off, I wouldn't have been late to work.

3) If there hadn't been so much traffic we wouldn't have missed our flight.

extras

i did extra examples....

4) If I had searched before, I would have traveled for cheaper.

So

When we agree with something someone has said and their statement is positive, we can use the word so.

You can say so do I or so am I.

• I love dancing.

• So do I.

• I am really happy today.

• So am I.

I like cooking

So do I

You can also say me too!

• I love dancing.

• Me too!

• I am really happy today.

• Me too!
  

I'm very responsible

So am I!

Neither

When we agree with something someone has said and their statement is negative, we can use the word neither.

You can say neither do I or neither am I.

• I don't listen to much music.

• Neither do I.

• I'm not going to the meeting.

• Neither am I.

You can also say me neither!

I don't like politicians

Neither do I!

I'm not sick

Neither am I / Me neither

• I don't listen to much music.

• Me neither!

• I'm not going to the meeting.

• Me neither!

If

The simple rule is that with conditional sentences we use if.

• If you like dancing, you should go to the club.

• If you are scared of spiders, you won't like this.

• If I improve more in english, I will travel more.

Whether

 When we have two options, we use whether.

• I don't know whether to eat some cake or a bisuit.

• I can't decide whether to buy it in blue or red.

• I don't know whether I like more the gym or cross.

If or Whether

 When asking an indirect yes/ no question, we can use either if or whether.

• Do you know if the station is this way?

• Do you know whether the station is this way?

• Do you know if/whether I can go on foot or by bus?

i had a fight with my brother yesterday, he's been wearing my clothes all the time and i've got very mad on him because last week i bought new clothes and after i placed my new clothes a while in the wardrobe, i realized that i had some of the new clothes worn, i believe my brother wore my clothes before i did wear! this is unfair!

wear / wore/ worn

example 2:

I had one computer that I didn't use; It was slow. I bought a new computer and I gave the old computer to my spanish teacher, but, before, he would have this computer repaired.

example 3:

I work every day and I don't stay at home during the day; I usually need to cook but i can't; so, I have my lunch prepared by someone.

extra expressions:

1) I had my nails done

2) I had my hair washed

3) I had my makeup and hair done

4) I had my car revised / repaired / checked up by my dad

5) I had my house cleaned

• Scientists are excited about combining electronics with living cells to make biocomputers.

• Because they use real tissue, biocomputers may be more energy efficient than normal computers.

example:

• Researchers call the biocomputer a Brainoware system.

• The biocomputer can be integrated with artificial intelligence and change the world.

  
  

lab-grown
made in a science laboratory 

• Some skincare products now use lab-grown ingredients.

• Lab-grown meat could be a more sustainable alternative to traditional farming.

example:

• According to scientists, lab-grown meat is the same thing (is like) as traditional meat, but with the animal taken out of the equation.

• The future of nature will depend on our sustainability with lab-grown products.

brain-like
similar to, but not a real, brain 

• The artist’s sculpture looked very brain-like.

• The robot is controlled by a brain-like network of electronic signals.

example:

• This tree is look brain-like.

• Artificial intelligence will be able to do analysis brain-like.

• An overview of brain-like computing can aid in the development of AI.

Do you love coffee?

Yes, I love coffe through the day!

How many cups of coffee do you drink a day?

I think normaly drink about three cups of coffee through the day.

Do you think that coffee can be dangerous for our health?

In my opinion nothing without moderation is dangerous; but my nutricionist suggest to me not to drink any caffeine.

VIDEO SUMMARY:

WORD BANK:

shines a light
draws attention to something

• The documentary aims to shine a light on challenges facing endangered species.

• The artist hopes to shine a light on the beauty of everyday moments.

• ex1: Every morning shines a light for my grandfather to live.

buzz
an atmosphere of excitement

• The new smartphone generated a lot of buzz in the tech community.

• There's a lot of buzz around the restaurant's new and innovative menu.

• ex1: I have a buzz at home because my family is arriving for christimans.

brew
a cup of coffee or tea (or beer)

• The smell of the morning brew filled the kitchen.

• Will you make me a brew? I take my tea with milk and no sugar.

• ex1: I will make a brew, would you like some?

Buy / obtain
Get can mean buy or obtain. 

• I got myself a new phone last weekend.

• I need to get some new clothes.

• I got day off with my granfather's funeral.
  
  

Receive
Get can mean receive.

• I just got a message.

• I got a bike for my birthday!

• I am getting so many messages with RIP (rest in peace).
  
  

Become
Get with an adjective can mean become.

• I'm getting annoyed.

• It's got quite hot in here suddenly.

• My granny got kind of a hero.
  
  

Understand
Get can mean understand.

• I don't get this joke.

• I don't often meet people who get this type of movie.

• I got her explanation about the new medicine.
  
  

Arrive
Get can mean arrive.

• I need to get home early so I'm off!

• What time will you get here?

• I hope that I can get on time for the meeting.
  
  

But of course, during college, to get some money to snack, buy some things, I did nozzles, like leaflets on a traffic light; I sold panties and underwear. I did these informal jobs for the four years.

The subject at hand is about maternal age. Women are becoming pregnant later (around in their forties) and, while this is synonymous with freedom and growth, for science it is worrying because pregnancy, at older ages, becomes at risk for both the child and the parent. In addition to this issue, it is also addressed the fact that there is no prejudice for men who are parents later.

Why not get pregnant?

There are many reasons behind the choice not to gestate. Currently the woman chooses to focus on her professional career, dedication to academic life, financial issues and the concern that pregnancy can affect the physical appearance or upbringing of the child can lead to extreme exhaustion, the famous "have to handle everything".

This phenomenon - generation of NoMo - can take linger and this is a pat on the back of misogynistic society. God forbid we can be as we were before! May women be free and choose their future!

to father???

Word bank:

be in your forties (fifties, sixties etc)
the decade, or period of ten years, in your life when you are aged between 40 and 49

phenomena
facts or events, especially which are unusual or significant, that exist and can be observed and talked about

lingers
continues to exist longer than usual or expected

to father
to make a woman pregnant who then gives birth to a child

pat (someone) on the back
(idiom) used to describe giving someone praise, congratulations or encouragement

God forbid!
a way of saying that you hope something will not happen

BBC LEARNING ENGLISH

Learning English from the News

Putin in North Korea

1. Look at the cover image and headline, and answer these questions.

• What do you know about this news story already?

• Have you heard about this news story?

• What do you imagine this news story is about?

News headlines/ WORD EXPLORATION:

Putin's visit to North Korea is very much a diplomatic two-fingers to the West
Sky News

Vladimir Putin’s dangerous bromance with Kim Jong Un
The Economist

China has mixed feelings about Putin's new coziness with Kim
Le Monde

Key words and phrases

two-fingers
a rude gesture meaning go away

• I’ve decided to give two-fingers to my neighbours and organise a very loud party.

# Now I am on vacation and I gave two-fingers for the work.

bromance
a very friendly relationship between two men

• Neil has a bit of a bromance with his colleague Phil. They get on so well!

# This group is always together, they have a very nice bromance.

mixed feelings
having positive and negative emotions about something at the same time 

• I have mixed feelings about this book. I like the characters, but it’s too long.

# Women always pass by mixed feelings during the period every month.

• I had walked > I'd walked

• He had walked > He'd walked

• She had walked > She'd walked

• They had walked > They'd walked 

Negative

• You had not walked > You hadn’t walked

• He had not walked > He hadn’t walked

• We had not walked > We hadn’t walked

• They had not walked > They hadn’t walked

Questions

• Had I walked?

  • Yes, you had

  • No, you hadn't 

Home work:

Had you cleaned the house in time?

Yes, I had already cleaned the house when my mother arrived.

Had they saw?

She had just left by the time he arrived.

Why hadn't they come?

They did not come with us because they had visited this museum before.

What had he said?

He asked me if I had ever been to Germany.

She hadn’t organized her clothes well before the trip.

I heard her say: "I wish I had better organized my clothes for this trip; I’m feeling very cold!"

Podcast summary:

what are they talking?

they are talking about negotiation at work and how to haggle a good price and be friendly in the deal.(negotiation)

context exploration:

I guess the important thing is to be sure of what you actually want. So you don't want to come away feeling that you've negotiated badly.

I find negotiating very awkward because my main instinct is to be polite and kind. So I find it quite difficult to be direct in what I want.

Phrases for negotiation:

• Let's talk about the price

• Let's get down to business

• I'm looking for ... ten pounds for this.

• I think my work is worth is worth... four hundred pounds.

• We're talking about this product and we need to talk about the price.

• What sort of price would you be willing to pay for this?

• Say what your first offer.

• That's too expensive

• But we can pay this

• We've got to cover our costs

• I'd love to offer that. But we have to be realistic about our budget.

• Well, other people in my position earn...

• I've taken on lots of responsibility without more pay.

• We can go with five pounds.

• I'm happy to accept five pounds.

• I look forward to working with you.

• It was great doing business with you.

• there's no place like ......

• i'd recommend everyone to go to....

• For me, the best holiday is in any city in ...

• I think the best place to visit for vacation is Mexico, if you like the beach and the sun - more options are Dominican Republic. Besides that if you prefer the nature, I'd recommend you Peru; however, if you like the cold and the snow, you can think about Argentina and Chile.

• SUMMARY OF THE PODCAST:

It talks about the dream destinations for your trips that are possible to do. They use for recommendation the modal verb SHOULD and for possibility they use COULD. BESIDES THAT they talk about cities and countries that you can visit and new word to describe trips in your area or near home STAYCATION.

Vocabulary

destination

a place we are going to or would like to go to

should

used to give advice or talk about things that are a good idea to do

could

used to talk about things that are possible

staycation

a holiday at or near home

Activity: many people in Spain are complaining about over tourism is a massive tourism and they are losing their homes and they cannot afford to pay rentals and also the groceries in the supermarket due to many tourists and digital nomads are visiting or staying in the cities.

what do you think the government should do and what residents could do to avoid this problem?

The local authorities must regain control of tourism activity, by slowing the arrival of visitors, through regulations for the community of owners of the property, freezing the number of tourist accommodation places, prohibiting tourist rentals in multifamily buildings, limit arrival of cruises/boats by day and also the capacity maxima of passengers that arrive by any way (air, terrestrial, fluviais and others).

fork out 
spend a lot reluctantly (gastar muito com retulância, sem querer - "enforcada")

• I forked out a large part of my savings for my cat's medical bills this month.

• I forked out with a lot of money for my trip to Santiago.

splash out (on) 
spend a lot enthusiastically (gastar muito com entusiasmo)

• After our wedding, we splashed out on a safari in South Africa for our honeymoon. 

• I splashed out on holiday trips.

pay (someone) back
return money that you borrowed from someone (devolver o dinheiro que você pegou emprestado de alguém)

• My dream is to pay my parents back for all the money they spent on my education. 

• My friend paid me back all the money I lent her.

run out of
spend all your money, leaving nothing left (Gastar todo o seu dinheiro, deixando nada para trás)

• Unfortunately, we ran out of money before we finished building the shed, and we couldn't pay for more materials. 

• Unfortunately, I run out of my money in Chile

• I run out of tomatos.

live on
have a particular amount of money that you use to buy the essentials (ter uma determinada quantidade de dinheiro que você usa para comprar o essencial)

• Since retiring, my grandparents are able to live on their state pensions. 

• After the trip, I will live on a little bit of money.

get by
live with difficulty with the money you have (Viver com dificuldade com o dinheiro que tem)

• I get by with my salary, but I don't have enough to save up or treat myself to luxuries. 

• She gets by well with her nurse’s salary but would like more to be able to travel more too.

save up
accumulate your money by not spending it, usually for a purpose (poupar dinheiro para um propósito)

• My sister is saving up to buy a house.

• I am saving up for my next trip.

The text talks about tantrums and other aspects of the development of children who are in the terrible twos stage. The podcast adds that adults can learn to be less critical of themselves by just watching the toddlers and their self-talk.

Vocabulary

toddler
young child, aged between two and four years old, who is learning to walk

• criança pequena, com idade entre dois e quatro anos, que está aprendendo a andar

tantrum
noisy, uncontrolled outburst of anger

• Birra - barulhento, descontrolado surto de raiva

out loud
in a way that other people can hear

• Em voz alta - de uma maneira que outras pessoas podem ouvir

self-talk
the messages that you tell yourself, and the way in which you tell them; your inner voice

• Mensagens que você diz a si mesmo, e a maneira como você as diz; sua voz interior

(be) down on yourself
feel disappointed and self-critical about yourself

• Feel disappointed and self-critical about yourself

negative cycle
a pattern of repeating the same negative thoughts over and over again

• A pattern of repeating the same negative thoughts over and over again

other words:

terrible twos - dois terríveis

sudden and noisy - repentino e barulhento

outburst of anger - explosão de raiva

tears - lágrimas

screams - gritos

grow up - crescer

growth - crescimento

grown ups - adultos

self talk - autoexpressão

feed - alimentar

pattern - padrão

pretend - fingir

I look forward to the next trip.

2. set off, e.g. What time do you usually set off for work/school?

I set off my day with a cup of coffee.

3. check in, e.g. When was the last time you checked in somewhere?

The last time I checked in was in Atacama.

I checked in a very nice hotel.

*Look forward to (something)

He’s really looking forward to his summer holiday by the beach.

*Get away

I’m feeling burnt out. I’d love to get away for a few days and spend time in the countryside.

*Pick (someone) up

The bus picks us up every morning and takes us to school.

*Hurry up

We really need to hurry up if we want to catch the train.

*Get in/out

enter/exit a vehicle with a small space (car, taxi, truck, lorry, van, helicopter), and immediately sit down

I got in the car and then started driving.

*Get on/off

enter/exit a vehical standing on your feet (bus, plane, train, tram, boat)

We're at our stop - let's get off the bus.

After she got on the bus, she realised it was the wrong one.

*Set off

Grandpa set off at 6am to make sure he arrived at the airport early for his flight.

Once we had prepared the picnic food, we set off towards the park.

*Check in

After checking in at the hotel reception, she gave them the room key.

Before going through airport security, you have to check in at the airline's desk.

*Take off (plane)

The plane took off smoothly and then we were in the air.

You have to put your phone in airplane mode while the plane takes off.

I don't have a specific movie but i like series and i like two and half man and friends that make me laugh a lot . when i turn the tv on is for stimulating me to sleep but i actually love to watch.

SUMMARY:

the podcast talks about the films and favorite tv series. About plots of the films and the tv series, the characters in the movies and in the series. Also they talk about how to use simple present for introducing the plots of the movies or stories in a book.

Vocabulary

plot
what happens in a film, book or TV programme

character
a person in a story

stream
watch a film or TV programme on the internet

Grammar Tip:
Use present simple to describe what happens in a film, TV programme or story

• Harry Potter is about a boy who discovers he is a wizard and goes to a special school called Hogwarts.

HOMEWORK:

WRITE THE PLOT OF ANY SERIES OR FILM THAT YOU LIKE USING THE SIMPLE PRESENT BUT AFTER THAT MAKE A RECORDING VIDEO TO POST ON THE PADLET.

-> I have a habit of watching silly series, which I’ve watched before and keep repeating. The one I like most is two and a half men, who tells the story of a forty-year-old bachelor and womanizer, who has a brother who separates and will live with him and, toast, takes his son. The story is comedy and creative, with acid jokes.

NIGHTMARES
QUITE A LOT
EALIER
DREAMS
SNORES

1. do you have pets? i have a dog and his name is Mojo, he's 4 and he likes to walk on the street and play around with other dogs, he's little, he's dark with white and brown fur, he has hazel eyes and he's very lovely and very smart.

2. what's he like and what does he like? what is the difference?

   • what's he like? means descriptions and characteristics ex: he's little, he's dark with white and brown fur, he has hazel eyes and he's very lovely and very smart.

   • what does he like? means the preferences of your pet. ex: he likes to walk on the street and plays around with other dogs.

   • other questions: what is salvador like?

   • what do you like to do in salvador?

3. summary: Neil and Georgie are talking about pets, if they had pets when they were younger. Neil had golfidh called Gilbert and later his parents got him a cat a and dog but he didn't like the dogs because he's afraid. but Georgie loves dogs and she has a dog called Raffi she thinks Raffi is a man's best friend.

Grammar: ex: We used to have cats actually, we started with cats and then we got a dog and then we also had hamsters.

past habits we use used to + infinitives ( things you don't anymore)

• when younger i used to play on the street long hours with my friends, but now violence is increasing and children don't play on the streets.

• i used to take trips with somebody but nowadays i prefer to travel alone.

• negative sentence of past habit: i didn't use to play on the street when i was younger .

• interrogative form: did you use to play on the street?

Vocabulary

ever
at any time

did you ever go to argentina?

never
not at any time

i never played on the street.

man's best friend
a common expression to describe dogs

for me dogs are man's best friend

purring

my cat purrs when he is on my laps
the noise a cat makes when it's happy

i liked very much physical education, arts, science, and a little of math ( mathematics)

other subjects: literature/ biology/ geography/ history/ english/ physics/ chemistry/ civics/philosophy/ sociology.

task: Do you think the method of education was different to actual teaching?

# I believe that currently the methods have really evolved but, on the other hand, I think that children are getting so anxious in face of too much information and stimuli. I observe children quite mentally tired.

summary:

the podcast is about school and its subjects, Neil liked history and english but he hated math. Beth is a nerd she liked everything at school like english, history, and textile ( she made a hat)

Grammar input:

intensifiers: quite/ really / very/ so/ too/ pretty/ damn / fucking.

i am quite tired

i am fucking good

i am really/ pretty happy

it is pretty expensive

i did like school ( i liked school)

i did do my homework

i love you / i do love you!

offenses: fucking and damn are used in spoken discourse and very informal.

you are a fucking idiot!

you are a damn loser!

what are you good at?

i am good at talking to people

i am good at sending emails

I really liked English, which sounds quite predictable because now English is part of my job. But I also quite liked textiles, which was a subject all about how to make clothes, and I made a hat. So it was quite a practical subject, and I enjoyed that.

Word bank :

less-least/ more -most

good at something

i was good at mathematics

what are you good at?

i am good at talking to people

i am good at sending emails

words related: TRUST =

personality
the type of person you are

sense of humour
the kinds of things that make you laugh

Grammar tip:
Use -ed adjectives to talk about your feelings

• I'm excited to watch live music.

• I'm excited to buy a new house.

• I'm interested to buy a car.

Use -ing adjectives to talk about the thing that gives you that feeling

• I find live music exciting.

• Reading the book of Harry Potter was so interesting!

• Wathching her in the theatre was too fascinating!

• Recieving the best award was rewarding!

Yeah, but avoid it because I get bored to clean after I cook.

What’s your favorite food?

I eat everything! I love to eat! But I love pizza, caruru, cozido, risoto, barbeque.

What’s your favorite restaurant and what’s the specialty?

My favorite restaurant is Coco Bamboo because they have a variety for menu.

Podcast summary:

The podcast talk about cooking, what the favorite dish and how to make it.

Word bank:

Recipes - receita

Stir fries - batatas fritas/salteadas

Flavours - sabores

Roast - assado

Garlic - alho

Rosemary - alecrim

Boil - ferver

Oven - forno

Microwave oven - Forno microondas

Cod - Bacalhau

Smell - cheirar/cheiro

Mash - amassar / purê

Gravy / Sauce - molho

Tastes - gosto / sabores

Tarragon - estragão

Heavy cream / fraiche - creme de leite

Stock pan - panela de estoque

Meal - refeição

Dish / plate - prato

Bangers / sausage - salcicha

Grammar input:

My recipe:

When I have time, I usually make it for lunch lasagna with zucchini.

First, cut the zucchini into thin and long slices; then put them in a refractory and after each layer of slices, put cheese, some sauce with some protein (chicken or ground meat). Then put a new layer of zucchini and so on until you finish. Over all more cheese tomato slices and oregano. Then put in the oven for about 45 minutes or until golden brown.

Yes, I like it very much! It’s good for my physique but also for the mind!

2. stick to (something), e.g. Do you find it hard to stick to something? Why/why not?

It’s hard but you need discipline in life!

3. cut down on/out, e.g. What should you cut down on/cut out?

Must cut bad habits out, such as eating badly, thoughts that sabotage the gym and etc.

warm up
do light exercise or stretches to prepare the body for the main workout

• Let's warm up before the race by doing a light jog around the field. 

• Always start my activities with warm up

work out
train your body through exercise

• I try to work out at least twice a week. It helps to relieve stress. 

• The work out is always the worst part of cross class

cool down
do light exercise or stretches after the main workout to help your muscles recover

• After running, I cool down by walking for five minutes, then stretching. 

• The ideal is to finish the workout with cool down, but we almost never do it

stick to (something) 
continue doing something consistently, even if it's difficult

• I'm really proud of my daughter for sticking to her football training programme.

• Hope to keep for stick to waking up at 4:30am during the week to go to work out

give up
stop doing something and accept defeat

• After six attempts at jumping two metres and failing, she gave up. 

• 
  

give (something) up
stop doing or consuming something that's bad for you 

• I've given up ordering takeaway pizzas because I want to eat more healthily. 

• Need give laziness up

cut down (on)
reduce how much you do or consume something

• I really need to cut down on sugary snacks after meals if I want to feel healthier. 

• Cut down on salt and sugar consumption is always good for health.

cut (something) out
eliminate something from your life completely 

• Lifting weights was giving me neck pain, so I've cut that out of my workout routine.

• We can never cut physical exercises out.

Throughout history, humans have always walked and moved their bodies. Now, modern technologies like motorised vehicles and office jobs, mean we spend more and more time sitting. Modern life has engineered out the need for us to move.

When we sit, we stop using important muscles. This reduces blood circulation and causes a range of other effects like increased levels of glucose and fat, and decreased energy levels. The body uses 20% more energy when simply standing than when sitting down, and walking uses 92% more energy. And that’s not to mention the damage sitting too much causes to muscle movement and blood pressure.

Word bank:

engineer (something) out
design or plan in such a way that something is not required

this/so much
in such large amounts

blood circulation
the flow of blood through the heart and blood vessels which carries oxygen around the body

geared around
organised and prepared towards a certain activity or purpose

swim against the tide
not follow what most people are doing; do the opposite of most people

drive (someone) towards
push someone towards accepting a new condition or situation

• He tends to bottle up his anger, which often leads to stress.

• Don’t bottle up your emotions; it’s important to talk about how you feel.

open up - share your feelings freely and openly 

• After years of keeping everything inside, she finally opened up to her therapist.

• He finds it hard to open up about his past, even to close friends.

hold back/hold (something) back - hesitate or restrain oneself from saying or doing something

• He wanted to tell her the truth, but he decided to hold back.

• She had to hold back her tears during the emotional movie.

• I tried to hold back my laughter during the meeting, but it was impossible.

break down - lose control of your emotions and start crying

• After weeks of stress, he finally broke down and cried.

• She broke down in tears when she heard the sad news.

blow up - lose emotional control in an angry way

• He blew up at his work colleague for making the same mistake again.

• The teacher blew up when the students wouldn’t stop talking.

freak out - lose emotional control (from shock, excitement, fear etc.) Se assustar

• Don’t freak out, but there’s a spider on your shoulder!

• She freaked out when she saw her favourite popstar on the street. 

calm down - return to a state of calmness or relaxation after feeling intense emotions

• After taking a few deep breaths, I started to calm down. 

• He needed a few minutes to calm down after the argument.

chill out - relax

• They spent the weekend chilling out by the beach, forgetting about their worries.

• You need to chill out and stop worrying so much about the exam.

so, well i Learned to make homemade cake with my mom, she always prepared cakes at Home for my Family's birthdays and i asked her to teach me. so, i love to make them speacially crispy chocolate cake with camaramelized strawberries.

highlight:

i would love to have the recipe!

when is your birthday?

my birthday is in March.

my birthday is on the March 16th.

mine is on February 15th. - dates

1 ( first) 2 ( Second) 3 ( third) 4 ( forth) - 30th

21 twenty first - 22 twenty Second - 23 twenty third - 24 twenty forth.

Podcast Summary:

the podcast talks about cakes, a birthday cake. And nowadays we have a sort of diversity and creativity for personalized cakes for your birthday. and before long time ago you only had the homemade cakes that your mother or your crandmother used to prepare for special ocassions.

Word bank:

homemade - caseiro

higgledy-piggledy -

leeway - liberdade

last long in the memory - por muito tempo na memória

all sorts - todos os tipos

goes/go above and beyond - ir além do esperado/expectativa

Write about the new tendency of throwing a party 🎈 for a birthday.

Nowadays it is difficult to make birthday parties, because everything is very expensive. People are choosing to celebrate their birthdays in pubs and restaurants where each guest pays for their consumption and at most the birthday person takes a themed or personalized cake.

It is no longer common to see homemade cakes in these meetings; the sweets and cakes are all sorts, the most higgledy-piggledy, to be unique and stay last long in the memory.

Word bank:

attention span
the length of time that someone can keep their thoughts concentrated and fixed on one thing 

(do something) for the joy of it
do an activity simply for the pleasure of doing it, rather than as a means to gain something else

on the surface level
quickly and superficially looking at what can be easily understood, rather than understanding the full depth of something

analogy
comparison between things that have similar features

inference
guess, opinion or conclusion that you make based on the information you already have

skimming
reading rapidly in order to get a general overview of the text being read

Discuss what can be better after all reading on a screen or reading on paper?

For me, reading on paper is still the best way to learn. With the paper/book, we have an isolated attention on it, being able to read more deeply and with more attention. When we read online, we receive a bombardment of information from applications, advertisements, taking us away from focus and learning. In addition, I like that on paper I can make notes and marks manually, stimulating my brain not only with reading but also with writing.

• Many teenagers nowadays are into gaming and spend hours playing with friends.

take (something) up
start participating in an activity

• During retirement, Mr Johnson took up gardening to stay active and spend time outdoors.

read up on (something)
learn about something through reading

• Before starting his business, Jack spent weeks reading up on entrepreneurship.

brush up on (something)
improve your existing skills that may be a bit weak

• Mark did a refresher course to brush up on his accounting skills before starting his new job.

work on (something)
put effort and concentration into doing something

• She needs to work on her time management so she can meet deadlines more easily.

fall behind
progress more slowly than others doing the same activity

• Because of her illness, Sarah fell behind in her coursework.

catch up (on something)
spend extra time doing something because you did not do it earlier

The podcast talks about different types of foods and seasonings in countries. When someone needs to move from their home country, they may suffer a shock and have difficulties in feeding, needing to adapt to the changes.

What is it for you a new culture of food?

For me the culture of food is a new reality, that we have nowadays. Actually; people are looking for new ways to eat better with healthy recipes that we will find easily on the internet. We now order a lot of food through apps and places that serves you healthier food.

Words you may relate to this topic?

Meal - refeição

Dietitian - nutricionista

Cream tea - chá creme

Scones - biscoitos/bolinho

Jam - geléia/compota

Flavouring - sabor

Seasoning - tempero

Multiple layers - múltiplas camadas

Unpleasant - desagradável

Herbs - ervas

Spices - especiarias/temperos

Word bank:

comfort zone
situation in which a person feels secure, comfortable, or in control

adapt
change to successfully deal with a new situation

staple
basic and important type of food that is regularly eaten by a large portion of the population

be in for a shock
be guaranteed to experience a surprising or unpleasant situation

tweak
small adjustment to something in order to improve it

trial and error
way of solving a problem by trying a number of different methods and learning from the mistakes you make

Critical thinking: is important to talk about the good food in terms of healthy and affordable options for people who want to eat healthy?

For sure! Although people are more aware of the need to have a good diet and they are even seeking for it, unfortunately the healthiest foods are usually more expensive and not everyone can buy them.

if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it
(idiom) used to say that if something is working satisfactorily, there is no reason to try to change it

clockwork
machinery using metal springs and wheels which move when wound up with a key

QWERTY
the traditional typewriter arrangement of keys in which the top line begins with the letters q,w,e,r, t and y

verbatim
using exactly the same words as were originally used

stick with
continue using or doing something

use your Words and give 2 extra examples to use the Words given above!

• Technology develops so fast that things soon become absolutist.

• CD is an absolute way to listen to music.

• "If it ain't broken, don't fix it" means that if something is working properly well, leave it alone.

• I took my clockwork box to restore, but the boy told me: "if it ain't broken, do not fix it!"

• I still have absolutist things, like a clockwork watch.

• I guess the QWERT keyboards practical.

• Stick with typing in QWERT verbatim.

used to and get used to grammar

take (something) on
accept responsibility for a task or project, often in addition to one's usual duties.

• She decided to take on a new project at work, even though she was already busy.

• He’s always willing to take on extra tasks to help the team.

come up with (something)
think of or create an idea, solution, or plan.

• She came up with a brilliant marketing strategy that boosted sales.

• We need to come up with a new approach to meet the deadline.

put (something) in
contribute something to achieve a goal

• He’s been putting in a lot of effort to improve his performance at work.

• They put in long days and weekends to complete the project before the deadline.

knuckle down
start working very hard, especially after a period of not doing much.

• Let’s get rid of all the distractions and knuckle down so I can get this project done.

• The team needs to knuckle down and focus if they want to finish the project on time.

get ahead
make progress and move past others, or complete your tasks earlier than expected

• She worked hard to get ahead in her career and eventually became a manager.

• In order to get ahead in this company, you need to be proactive and take initiative.

look into (something)
investigate, or get information before you take action

• The HR department is looking into the complaints made by the employees.

• We need to look into new software options to improve our workflow.

get back to (someone)
speak to someone again later to give them a reply after you've looked into something

• I’ll get back to you with more information after I discuss it with the team.

• Can you get back to the client about their inquiry as soon as possible?

New Words:

• Human guinea pigs meaning the first people to have something new tested on them. (cobaias humanas)

• Vice versa is used to indicate that the opposite of what you have just said is also true. (Vice-versa)

• Thread the needle describes a task which requires extreme skill and precision to do successfully. (Enfiar a agulha - expressão idiomática que significa executar uma ação precisa e hábil, muitas vezes em situações desafiadoras ou apertadas)

• The whole picture means a complete description of something, which includes all the relevant information and opinions about it. (Imagem completa)

• Wade through something, you spend a lot of time and effort doing something boring or difficult, especially reading a lot of information. (Gastar muito tempo e esforço fazendo algo chato ou difícil)

• On top of something means 'in addition to something', and that extra thing is often negative. (Além de algo)

Your opinion: As I am passionate about animals, I would like the tests to be done differently, without harming them. Hopefully, one day, artificial intelligence will be able to suspend experiments on animals.

Unfortunately, children today do not know how to play anymore, they just want to be at home using their electronic devices. And as much as parents try to impose rules for use, it is increasingly difficult to limit and educate.

Write vocabulary:

electronics (phones, tablets, computers)

psychologist (a doctor who helps people with their mind and how they feel)

rule (a rule tells you what you can or must not do)

argue (say you feel differently and be emotional).

electronic devices (video games, phones, tablets, laptops, etc.)

ideal (perfect for everybody)

advice (saying that somebody should or should not do something).

Ofcom (the Office of Communications; the UK government’s agency for laws on TV, radio, phones, Internet, etc.)

Did you like this article? Why?

Yes! Because it is a current issue and a real difficulty for parents and schools. Children are our future and deserve all our concern.

grew up in - cresceu em

grow up - crescer

quiet - calmo

boring - chato

busy - ocupado

home towns - cidade de origem

middle - meio

nowhere - nada

I've moved around quite a lot - eu me mudei muito

younger - mais jovem

from the age of four until 10 - desde os 4 anos aos 10.

suppose - suponho

outside - fora

quite quiet - bastante calmo

countryside - campo, interior

loads of fields around - lotes de campos ao redor

Whereas - considerando que

consider - considerar

moving back - voltar

woods - bosques

good fun - boa diversão

loads of snow - carga de neve

Do you miss growing up in Canada? (????)

• How has technology improved human relationships?

-> The relationships are faster.

• What are some negative impacts of technology on communication?

-> The people are forgeting how to have relationships face to face and are isolating.

• Can online friendships be as meaningful as face-to-face ones? Why or why not?

-> That can help in day to day, but that doesn't replace the face-to-face.

• Should there be limits on technology use in personal relationships?

-> Of course! They should pay more attencion in the screens and forgeting who is by your side.

🧠 Critical Thinking Activity:

• what’s your thought about family that uses technology during dinner, friends who only interact online, or coworkers relying on messaging apps).

-> In some cases, it is disrespectful to be with someone by your side and checking often the phone, without paying attention the person. I believe that attention is the most genuine form of consideration and respect; we should not touch cell during family and friends meetings.

Write footnotes about your thoughts:

Smoothie maker - liquidificador

Chuck - triturar

Bread maker - máquina de fazer pão

Lovely - lindamente, amável

Until - até

Sort of thing - tipo de coisa

Way - itensificador

Is beating - está batendo

Whatever - tanto faz/qualquer coisa

🎥 Video summary:

-> The podcast talks about how technology has facilitated our studies, our day-to-day; how we use and adapt new technologies; from people who tech-savvy (understand a lot and manage well the new technological devices).

📝 Word bank:

Technology - new scientific things that make our life easier, such as smartphones and computers.

Tech-savvy - good at using technology.

Present simple - to talk about our technology habits, things we always do. For example, I use my phone way too much.

Present continuous - to talk about things we are doing at this moment in time.

✍️Writing Prompt:

“Write an essay about how technology has changed the way people connect with one another. Discuss both the advantages and disadvantages, and provide examples from your personal experiences or observations.”

->Technology has facilitated communication, making it faster, however, abusive and rampant use has pushed away face-to-face relationships and increased anxiety among all. I believe that limiting the time of daily use is essential, especially in children.

My name's Monique, I am phonoaudiologist and actually I work in two hospitals, but It's hard and I get so tired every day. In next year, If I leave from the one hospital, I'll have more time for private patients, and I'll get more money. With this, I'll have more time to study english and spanish. That's the goals!

Hahahahahahaahhahaahahahahhaha

Word bank:

Hopefully- walks-goals -fresh air -skydiving-foreign - foreigner -impressive -

Grammar: Language tip:
Use the first conditional with when to talk about your future plans

• When my children leave home, I will play more music.

Use the first conditional with if to talk about future possibilities

• If I have the time, I will learn a new language.

• In 2025 if people start using more technology, the social media will take control of everything.

• If i work less, I will have more time for studying English.

Because I Will be less tired

Summary: The podcast talks about the plans and dreams for the future. Neil and Beth talk about their goals; Neil hopes to learn a foreing language and Beth will travel the world and she will move to a bigger house.

My favorite tv series is two and half men, it is so silly but i like very much.

paid cable tv, this is streaming like netflix and i have also prime video.

nowadays we have streaming services for channels that connect us with a vast of options for watvhing tv, what do you think about it?

well, i like it very much because i don´t like regular tv so, i preper the streaming service.

video segment:

watch the video and get the phrases that were relevant to summarize the main idea.

short summary: ( use your words and write down here your summary of the podcast.

The podcast talking about the shows TV and their preference. Beth likes watching baking programs and Neil prefers live sports, documentaries and dramas. They speak about the binge-watch your favorits programs, about the possibility to get obsessed with sort of kinds like reality TV.

• I've been watching Race Across the World.

• It depends. If I really like a show, then yes.

• I watch some programmes if I really like them, but a lot of the time, if there's a show I really like, I binge-watch it

• But I do like to watch things like live sport on TV.

• And I like that show, but I'm not really a big fan of other reality shows like dating shows and Big Brother and that sort of thing.

word bank:

binge-watch
watch lots of episodes of a TV show in a row

reality TV
programmes about real people rather than with actors

obsessed
unable to stop thinking about something

homework:

write about your argumentation about actual tv in your country and give your opinion of big brother every year on national tv.

-> I don’t like open-air TV shows! I think sensationalists, there are many misfortunes... I know it’s important to be up to date about things in the world, but still, I can’t watch! As for the big brother I think I only watched in the pandemic, because of lack of option! I do not think a productive program; it only serves to show how people are increasingly sick, intolerant... I don’t like It!

1. Have you ever felt embarrassed for something you did?

   well i think i can get/ feel embarrased when i dont speak the right word or intonation when i speak portuguese in public. so, i easily i get blushed or a little nervous.

Yourself: I can get embarrased when i can´t speak in public as well. for example in lectures or other events.

1. What can make you feel embarrassed to go to the doctor?

i had a situation where i got embarrassed with a doctor that examines your intimitate parts and i got really embarrassed.

About the podcast: what happened in the conversation?

The podcast talk about embarresed situacion, like go to the doctors. And this get to delay in the process to diagnose, and the people often suffer in silence for more time. I think that should have more explanation about the medical appoiment, that It is confidential and every doctors should be trained for put the people at ease and with their non-verbal cues.

and the podcast also talks about people delaying their doctor visit because of embarrassment.

Words and phrases to remember:

delay
put off to a later time; postpone

diagnose
identify a disease or medical problem by recognising the symptoms and examining the patient

suffer in silence
endure or struggle with painful feelings or trauma without asking anyone for help

put (someone) at ease
make someone feel calm and relaxed

confidential
kept private and secret; information which is not shared with anyone

non-verbal cues
communication using means such as the expression on your face, hand gestures, or tone of voice to show how you feel about something, rather than using words

Highlight the grammar:

Here are some useful phrases for argumentation, categorized by their function:

Introducing an Argument

• To begin with, …

• First and foremost, …

• The main point is …

• Let me start by saying …

• It is often argued that …

Presenting Evidence or Examples

• For example, …

• For instance, …

• According to …

• As evidence shows, …

• Research suggests that …

Agreeing with a Point

• I agree with you because …

• You’re absolutely right that …

• I share your view on …

• That’s a valid point …

• I couldn’t agree more …

Disagreeing Politely

• I see your point, but …

• While I respect your opinion, …

• I understand your perspective, however …

• I beg to differ because …

• That’s an interesting point, but …

Clarifying a Point

• Let me clarify, …

• In other words, …

• What I’m trying to say is …

• To put it another way, …

• Let me explain further …

Summarizing

• In summary, …

• To sum up, …

• All in all, …

• In conclusion, …

• To wrap things up, …

Conceding a Point

• That’s true, however …

• I agree up to a point, but …

• You have a point, yet …

• I can see why you think that, but …

• Although I agree with some aspects, …

Offering Alternatives

• Instead, we could …

• Alternatively, …

• Another option might be …

• Have you considered …

• Perhaps we should look at …

Asking for Clarification

• Could you elaborate on …

• What do you mean by …

• Can you explain that further?

• I’m not sure I understand. Could you clarify?

Have you ever phoned up ( to call) a company and had your call held in a queue? ( hold on a waiting room) Could AI make this less painful? Pippa and Phil discuss this and teach you some new vocabulary.

This week's question

Approximately how many people work in call centres globally? 

a) 7 million?
b) 17 million? or,
c) 27 million?

i think that 27 million people work in call centres globally.

summary: write about what is happening with the effect of AI with the call centres.

the podcast talks about how difficult is to work in a call center because the workers are dealing with clients that are yelling, shouting and aggravatted on the phone. This is happening more in countries like India and The philipines besides that exist the fear for the workers to be replaced by AI that is all the time monitoring their conversation on the phone.

Home Work

What makes interesting to know about this podcast?

• How much AI has already replaced call center workers;

• The amount of call centers in the world and how they are importants for the economy, especially in India and the Philippines;

• The stress that call center workers go through, having to deal with stressed people and also being constantly monitored by AI; besides having to pacify customers and solve their problems!

Vocabulary

yelling/ screaming
shouting

pacify (someone)
calm down someone who is angry

in the near future
very soon, within a short time

as a matter of fact
used to add emphasis to a statement, to give more detail about what has just been said, or to introduce something that contrasts with it

empathetic
able to put yourself into someone else’s position and share their feelings or experiences

you know
(filler word) used to give the speaker time to think, or to express uncertainty

THERAPEUTA:

Because of the difficulty in speaking, I relize the anamnesis/screening with a family member of the patient.

Patient had any difficulty before to stroke/CVA?

Did he talk normally? Did he eat solid food and liquids without choking?

ok, now I’m going to start the evaluation. Eduardo, can you tell me your full name? Can you open your mouth and put out your tongue?

Now I will adjust your posture on the bed and I will give you some water and a piece of biscuit to evaluate your swallowing and chewing.

FAMILY/PATIENT COMPLAINT

-> He is choking on every time he goes to eat, especially with hard and dry food and also with water. He’s crooked face and talking distorted and very low! I can’t always understand what he wants!

_______________________________________________

Questions to be responded by the patient:

1. Do you have trouble talking before or everything started after the stroke?

   -> He spoke normally, but now he is talking in a low voice and emboldened/dragged.

2. Is he getting to do the chewing?

   -> You are not able to chew solid items properly and I observe a lot of food residue in your mouth at the end of the meal.

3. Did he have a choke with the saliva or any food?

   -> He ate normally, but after the stroke started to choke at all meals and sometimes with saliva; I observe that chokes more with water and dry and hard food.

4. Can you get to move the your tongue outside? Now, from one side to the other side.

   -> I can get my tongue out but not turn It to the left.

   
   

   
   

1. Warm-up (5-10 min)

Ask: How do you think babies learn to talk?

Babies learn to talk around one year old.

Show a picture of a baby and ask: What words do you think babies say first?

Babies talk first words like "papa" and "mama".

Introduce key vocabulary (e.g., babbling, sounds, listening, repeating, parents, communication).

-> The communication of babies begins by babbling, which are sounds heard and repeated by them, through the observation of parents and other relatives.

2. Listening Activity (10-15 min)

True/False statements about the podcast

-> It's false that babies already begin their communication with complete words.

-> It's true that to learn to speak, babies need to live with adults and have their hearing and cognition preserved.

-> It's true that the babbling are sounds that the baby uses to play and imitate adults, but still without linguistic content.

Vocabulary from the podcast:

babble
meaningless noises and sounds which babies make as they start learning to speak

stressed syllable
sound within a word which is emphasised by being spoken longer, louder or higher than the other sounds

error
mistake

classic example
perfect or most typical example of something which has all the features which you expect such a thing to have

take (something) for granted
accept or assume something without question

ambiguous
having more than one possible meaning; being open to interpretation

Summary: write a summary

-> The podcast discusses the beginning of baby speech; that it's easy sounds and that there are common mistakes - there is no full word pronunciation.

3. Discussion (10 min) homework

Do babies learn to talk in the same way in all languages?

-> I believe that the acquisition of language in babies is very similar all over the world, because speaking is a matter of maturation of muscular structures and cognitive aspects and we humans are equal in this.

What do you remember about how you learned to speak?

-> I don’t remember details, but my father said that the first time I said my name was: "Muique"

4. Speaking Practice (10 min) homework

Role-play: One student is a scientist, the other a parent. The parent asks how to help their baby talk.

-> To stimulate your baby to speak is necessary to talk a lot with him, say the name and whenever possible, show the object/ person, so that they start the word/ meaning association.

You should avoid anticipating the desires/wishes of your child, it is important that there is a need to talk, such as: when you know that your child wants something, do not deliver it, wait for him to try to speak and if he can’t, show/ talk how to do. Through daily repetition, he will learn!

5. Wrap-up (5 min)

Review key vocabulary.

-> Babble is the beginning of the attempt to speak and is characterized by being the repetition of sounds, which are usually stressed syllable words. In each language there is a classic example of errors during repetition the words. We can't take for granted the productions spoken by a baby, because they are very variable, leaving the understanding ambiguous.

Feedback: homework

What was the most interesting thing you learned today?

-> The vocabulary; and many things are of my profession.

Level: Intermediate

Duration: 60 minutes

Skills: Listening, Speaking, Vocabulary

Objectives:

• Develop listening comprehension through a discussion about DNA ancestry tests.

• Expand vocabulary related to ancestry and genetics.

• Practice expressing opinions and discussing reliability.

Materials:

• BBC 6 Minute English episode: “Are DNA ancestry tests reliable?”

• Vocabulary list and discussion questions

Lesson Procedure:

1. Warm-up (10 min)

• Discussion Questions:

1. Have you ever taken a DNA ancestry test? Would you like to? Why or why not?

No, i haven´t taken a dna test in my life but i´d like to.

2. How do you think these tests work?

These tests help you with an analysis , genetics and birth of your ancestors.

3. What are some reasons people want to learn about their ancestry?

maybe they want to prevent illnesses in the family. or they want to know about their lineage.

• Pre-teach Vocabulary:

• Ancestry – family origin or background

• Genetic markers – specific genes used to trace lineage

• Lineage – direct descent from an ancestor

• Ethnicity – cultural and social identity

• Reliability – how trustworthy or accurate something is

2. summary of the podcast:

Level: Intermediate

Duration: 60 minutes

Skills: Listening, Speaking, Vocabulary

Objectives:

• Develop listening comprehension through a discussion about DNA ancestry tests.

• Expand vocabulary related to ancestry and genetics.

• Practice expressing opinions and discussing reliability.

Materials:

• BBC 6 Minute English episode: “Are DNA ancestry tests reliable?”

• Vocabulary list and discussion questions

Lesson Procedure:

1. Warm-up (10 min)

• Discussion Questions:

1. Have you ever taken a DNA ancestry test? Would you like to? Why or why not?

No, i haven´t taken a dna test in my life but i´d like to.

2. How do you think these tests work?

These tests help you with an analysis , genetics and birth of your ancestors.

3. What are some reasons people want to learn about their ancestry?

maybe they want to prevent illnesses in the family. or they want to know about their lineage.

• Pre-teach Vocabulary:

• Ancestry – family origin or background

• Genetic markers – specific genes used to trace lineage

• Lineage – direct descent from an ancestor

• Ethnicity – cultural and social identity

• Reliability – how trustworthy or accurate something is

2. summary of the podcast:

Lesson Objectives:

• Improve listening comprehension through a BBC Radio 4 Woman’s Hour special about sisterhood/brotherhood/childhood/

other words related: sibblings = irmaos/irmas/parents= pais e maes/ relatives = parentes.

• Expand vocabulary related to family relationships and emotions.

• Practice speaking and expressing personal opinions on sibling relationships.

1. Warm-up (10 minutes)

Discussion Questions:

1. Do you have any siblings? How is your relationship with them? if you don´t have a sibling talk about a person that is like a sister or brother for you? how is the relationship between both of you?

   No I dont have siblings, but I have some friends that is like a sister for me! It's someone who you talk about everything; that is at your side all the time. When you need some help, you can count on her.

2. What do you think makes a strong relationship between sisters or siblings in general?

   I think is important to talk about everything, always with honesty, affection; there is sisterhood and much bonding!

3. Can you think of any famous sisters (from history, fiction, or pop culture)?

   There is Caetano velozo and maria betania that look like brotherhood; they have the same career.

2. Listening Activity (20 minutes)

Step 1: Pre-listening (5 minutes)

• Introduce key vocabulary from the recording (e.g., bond, rivalry, support, upbringing, sibling, conflict, loyalty).

Bond - conexão

Rivalry - rivalidade

Support - suporte

Upbringing - criação

Sibling - irmãos

Conflict - conflito

Loyalty - lealdade

Step 2: First Listening (5 minutes)

• What is the main idea of the recording?

• Do the speakers describe sisterhood as mostly positive or negative?

Step 3: Second Listening (10 minutes)

• What challenges do the speakers mention about having a sister?

She talk about the different temper between then, commonly the first is bossy, the second peacemaker and the younger spoiled. The sisterhood became more difficult nowadays.

• What are some of the benefits of having a sister?

• How does childhood upbringing affect the relationship between sisters?

3. Vocabulary Expansion (10 minutes)

• Review the key vocabulary from the listening segment.

• Use gap-fill exercises or sentence completion to reinforce understanding.

• Ask the student to use some of the words in their own sentences.

4. Speaking Practice (15 minutes)

Discussion Questions:

• How does the relationship between siblings change over time?

• Do you think gender plays a role in sibling relationships? How are brother-brother or brother-sister relationships different from sister-sister relationships?

• If you could choose, would you prefer to have a brother or a sister? Why?

• How can people maintain a strong bond with their siblings even when they live far apart?

5. Wrap-up & Homework (5 minutes)

• Summarize the key takeaways from the lesson.

• Assign a short writing task:

• “Describe a strong sibling relationship you know of (real or fictional). What makes it special?”

1. Bond “ A strong connection or relationship between people.

Example: The bond between sisters can last a lifetime.

2. Rivalry “ Competition or conflict between people, especially siblings.

Example: Sibling rivalry is common when children compete for their parents attention.

3. Support “ Help or encouragement given to someone.

Example: Good sisters always support each other in difficult times.

4. Upbringing “ The way a child is raised and educated by their parents.

Example: A shared upbringing can create a strong bond between siblings.

5. Sibling “ A brother or sister.

Example: I have two siblings, an older sister and a younger brother.

6. Conflict “ A disagreement or fight between people.

Example: Conflicts between siblings are normal but can be resolved through communication.

7. Loyalty “ A strong feeling of support or allegiance to someone.

• Example: Despite their arguments, the sisters always showed loyalty to each other.

• Ask the student:

Have you ever seen an online post or video that made

everyday i see people making bad comments on everyone posts. no matter if is a good post or bad post, people always come with rage bait.

everyday i see something like this, people make comments on posts if you are thin, if you are fat, if you look beautiful or ugly, they always make comments about you.

• Briefly introduce the concept of rage bait (content designed to provoke anger for engagement).

summary:

what is the podcast about, Monique?

This is about the rage bait( VIDEOS OR POSTS THAT INCITE ANGER AND RAGE) that people cause on social media, and this make the creator earn more and more money. You need to learn how to like posts before so_{, YOU DON´T CONTRIBUTE TO TOXIC COMMENTS AND ANGER.}

2. Vocabulary Introduction (15 min)

Target Words/Phrases:

• Rage bait – Content designed to provoke anger for engagement.

• Engagement – Interaction with online content (likes, comments, shares).

• Monetization – Turning content into money.

• Algorithm – A system that decides which content gets promoted.

• Controversial – Likely to cause disagreement or strong opinions.

• Clickbait – Sensational headlines designed to attract attention.

• Ad revenue – Money earned from online advertisements.

Activity:

• Provide definitions and examples.

• Ask the student to match the words with their meanings.

• Have them create sentences using the new vocabulary.

3. Speaking Activity (20 min) – Debate & Discussion

Task: Is rage bait an ethical way to make money online?

• Student argues for or against rage bait as a business strategy.

• Encourage them to use new vocabulary.

• Guide them with follow-up questions:

• Why do people engage with rage bait?

• Should social media platforms limit this kind of content?

4. Writing Activity (20 min) – Opinion Piece

Prompt:

“Do you think people should make money from rage bait? Why or why not?”

I don’t believe it is the best option! There must be more honest and peaceful ways to earn money.

yeah, I think no matter what they do, they want to be seen, because the more people see the post, the more they get paid and they get more ad revenue.

Level: Upper Intermediate (B2)
Objective: The student will discuss the relationship between happiness and success, expand their vocabulary, and practice listening skills with the BBC podcast.

1. Warm-up (10 min)

Discussion Questions:

• What does success mean to you?

• For me, It means to earn money and to work with something that makes you happy.

• Can someone be successful without being happy? Why or why not? (happy = unhappy.)

• Yes, there are some people that earn a lot of money but they are not happy. ( unhappy)

• What things make people happy at work?

• I think that is to work with something you love; when you have time left for other activities for hobby for example, to rest, social life and everything that gives you life quality.

Prediction Activity:

• Show the title: Is happiness the key to success?

• Ask: What do you think the podcast will talk about?

the pocast (may/ might/could ) talk about the the life and the routines of people at work.

2. Vocabulary Introduction (15 min)

Introduce the vocabulary with definitions and examples:

1. Modernise – Make more modern, for example, through introducing new technology.

   • Many companies are modernising their offices with AI tools.

2. Social fabric – Community relationships that connect members of a society.

   • Strong families and friendships help maintain the social fabric of a country.

3. Intact – Complete and untouched.

   • Despite the storm, the old bridge remained intact.

4. Take centre stage – Become more important than anything else.

   • Climate change has taken centre stage in global discussions.

5. Brain drain – When large numbers of educated and skilled people leave their country to work abroad.

   • Many doctors move to the US because of the brain drain in their home countries.

6. Upskilling – Improving workers’ skills by giving them additional training.

   • The company is upskilling employees to prepare them for new technology.

3. Listening Activity (20 min)

Step 1: First listen – General understanding

• What is the main idea of the podcast?

  -> Talks about the idea of happiness associated with the preservation of culture and appreciation of the homeland.

• Does the speaker think happiness is the key to success?

  -> He believes that happiness is an important key and that it is more associated with quality of life than economic growth at any cost. Modernize without losing the cultural essence, living in harmony with other citizens.

  
  

Step 2: Second listen – Focus on details

• What examples are given about happiness and success?

  -> Gross National Happiness means preserving Bhutan’s natural environment and culture through sustainable and eco-friendly development.

  
  

• How do the vocabulary words appear in the podcast?

  -> It is important to modernise, but keeping the culture intact and as the centre stage , making possible the coexistence of the social fabric, in addition to the upskilling of the population, allowing a better quality of life and avoiding brain drain.

  
  

• What is the answer to the question: When is International Happiness Day?

  -> March 20

  
  

4. Discussion & Speaking Practice (15 min)

Debate: What is more important: happiness or success?

• One student argues that happiness leads to success.

• One student argues that success leads to happiness.

Follow-up Questions:

• Can money buy happiness?

• How does social fabric influence happiness?

• What are the risks of brain drain for a country?

  
  

5. Writing Activity (10 min)

Task: Write a short essay (150-200 words) answering:
"Do you think happiness is necessary for success? Why or why not?"

• Use at least 3 new vocabulary words.

  -> I think so, that for a person to succeed in life she must have happiness take centre stage! But this does not exclude the need to modernize and upskilling for further development.

6. Wrap-up (5 min)

• Review the key vocabulary.

• Share answers to the International Happiness Day question.

• Ask: What did you learn today?

Discussion Questions:

• Do you think eating healthily is expensive? Why or why not?

  Yes, the healthy food generally is more expensive because of inflation.

  
  

• Have you ever eaten at an expensive restaurant? Was it worth the price?

I reraly go to expensive resturant; but I went to one restaurant and I didn't like the portion was little and I spent much money.

word bank:

budget = orçamento

health = saude

healthy = saudavel

healthily = saudavelmente

meal = refeiçao

Prediction:

• Show the question: How much does a meal cost at the most expensive restaurant in the world? (€650, €1650, or €2650)Ask students to guess before listening.

2. Listening Activity (15 min)

First Listening (General Understanding):

• Play the audio.

• Ask: What is the main idea of the conversation?

• Check if their price guesses were correct.

• 
  

Second Listening (Detailed Understanding):

• Play the audio again.

• Students take notes on arguments for and against healthy eating being expensive.

Comprehension Questions:

1. What do Pippa and Georgie think about the cost of healthy food?

2. What are some reasons why people believe eating healthily is expensive?

3. What solutions or alternatives do they suggest?

3. Vocabulary Practice (15 min)

Matching Activity: Match words with definitions.

Word/Phrase Definition

bags of (something) a lot of (something)

ultimately

finally, after a series of events

tackle

try to deal with (a problem)

a classic

well-known and of good quality

a pain (to do something)

annoying or difficult (to do something)

heavy-handed (with an ingredient)

use too much (of an ingredient)

Sentence Completion:
Students complete sentences using the vocabulary:

4. Speaking Activity (15 min)

Debate:

• Divide students into two groups:

  • Healthy eating is expensive.

  • Healthy eating can be affordable.

• Each group prepares arguments using the vocabulary.

• Debate using phrases like:

  • I believe that...

  • Ultimately, the real issue is...

  • A classic example is...

5. Writing Task (10 min)

Students write a short paragraph answering: Is eating healthily always expensive?

They must use at least three new vocabulary words.

6. Wrap-up (5 min)

• What did you learn today?

• Has your opinion about healthy eating changed?

• Which new words can you use in daily conversation?

Dear students,

From now on, we will have new policies for Spanish and English classes.
If a class is not cancelled at least 24 hours in advance, it will be charged as part of your current package.
Thank you very much for your understanding and commitment.

Best regards,

🎯 Objective

Students will be able to:

1. Discuss benefits of multilingualism.

2. Understand and use five target vocabulary items in context.

3. Practice listening for gist and detail.

4. Share opinions and personal experiences.

🕑 Total Time: 60 minutes

1. 👋 Warm‑up (5 min)

• Question on board: “Do you know anyone who speaks more than two languages?”

• I think the pope spoke many languages and i think all popes should speak many languages, this is a requirement to be a pope, so Francisco the pope is from Argentina and he spoke spanish and italian, latin, english, portuguese and french.

  
  

2. 🧩 Vocabulary in Context (12 min)

a) Context Sentences

On the board, write six short sentences with blanks (one extra) using the target words.

Target Vocabulary: polyglot, pick up, brain workout, juggling, tune into, soldier on

1. Maria speaks five languages—she’s a true _polyglot_____.

2. When I need new English words, I just talk to people and __tune into____ them naturally.

3. Learning vocabulary every day is like a _brain workout_____ for your mind.

4. He’s always busy—juggling______ work, family, and classes.

5. Before starting class, please __pick up____ the podcast and settle in.

6. It was hard at first, but I decided to _soldier on_____ and finish my language course.

7. Tune into - for you learn something you need to tune into the context.

8. soldier on - when you juggle things at the same time like for example cooking and cleaning and also studying you need to be soldier on for you to finish your day.

3. 🎧 Pre‑Listening & Prediction (5 min)

• Write the week’s question:

  “Which country has the most official languages? a) Zimbabwe b) Switzerland c) Bolivia”

  
  

• Students vote and briefly say why.

4. 📻 Listening for Gist (10 min)

• Play the start of the episode (Neil’s introduction + question).

• Task: What’s the main topic? (Polyglots and multilingual benefits.)

  
  

  So, the podcast talks about how important is to speak lot of languages, because is a brain workout and decrease dementia and power you in other benefits for your health.

  
  

5. 📋 Listening for Detail (10 min)

• Play again. Students note:

  1. The correct answer to the quiz question.

  2. One benefit of knowing many languages mentioned.

  
  

6. 💬 Vocabulary Retrieval (5 min)

• Ask students: “Where did you hear ‘juggling’ in the conversation? What was being juggled?”

• Elicit one or two more contexts for each word to reinforce meaning.

7. 🗣️ Speaking & Discussion (10 min)

In groups of three, students discuss:

1. “Would you like to be a polyglot? Why or why not?”

   yes, i´d like to be a polyglot because i like to take vacation and travel the world, and i love talking to other foreigners, people like me.

   
   

2. “What skills could you pick up easily? What would be harder—how would you soldier on?”

i think everything that you have with discipline and focus you can pick up easily, and i think i´d soldier on with a new language like chinese for example or italian.

1. “Is learning English a brain workout for you? How do you juggle your study time?”

Of course for me english is a brain workout and i do everything juggling because i study, i work and i care my personal life and i need to soldier on.

8. ✍️ Reflection & Homework (3 min)

polyglot, pick up, brain workout, juggling, tune into, soldier on

• Homework:

  • Write five sentences, each using a different target word correctly.

    -> To be a polyglot, you need to speak more than one language.

    -> To learn something, it's necessary to tune into on the subject.

    -> For better memory, we need to do exercises for brain workout.

    -> Today’s life is a real juggling, we have to do multiple things at the same time! That's so crazy!!

    -> Some people learn easily and are pick up; they are soldier on that they can keep discipline and focus!

    
    

  • learning several languages makes you multilingual and allows

    
    

  • Short paragraph (50 words): “How does learning languages benefit you?” Use at least three of today’s words.

    -> Learning multiple languages makes you a polyglot and allows you to interact with other people from different parts of the world; also opens doors for more job opportunities and it’s still a brain work, stimulating linguistic-cognitive aspects, such as memory, communication and others; allowing greater juggling of the mind!

Level: Upper-Intermediate (B2)

Time: 60–90 minutes

🎯 Objectives:

• Learn and use vocabulary related to climate change and animal migration

• Practice listening comprehension and paraphrasing

• Improve structured speaking and writing using academic and conversational discourse features

🗣️ Warm-Up (10 minutes)

Discussion Questions:

1. Do you know any animals that migrate? Why do they migrate?

2. How do you think animals and climate change are connected?

3. Have you ever heard of the Great Migration?

Mini Vocabulary Preview (Quick Match):
Match the terms to definitions:

Term Definition

migrate : move to another place due to weather or temperature

sequester : store or trap something, like CO2

secret weapon : something that gives an unexpected advantage

🎧 Listening & Vocabulary (20–25 minutes)

Audio: 6 Minute English - Can animals help fight climate change?
Link: BBC Learning English Episode

Task 1: Comprehension Check

Answer the question from the episode:

How many animals are thought to take part in The Great Migration?
a) 1 million b) 1.5 million c) 2.5 million

Task 2: Vocabulary in Context
Complete the sentences using the vocabulary from the episode:

1. Some animals __________ long distances for food or mating.

2. Climate activists believe forests and seagrass help __________ carbon.

3. The phrase "__________" means a powerful tool that isn't obvious.

4. The migration of sharks covers large __________ of ocean.

5. To understand better, we can say "__________" and then give an example or comparison.

✍️ Writing Task (20–25 minutes)

Prompt:

Write a short opinion paragraph (120–150 words) answering:
"Should governments invest more in protecting migratory animals to fight climate change?"

Include:

• A clear topic sentence

• Supporting arguments with vocabulary from today’s lesson

• Linking words: however, in addition, as a result, for example, in contrast

• Concluding sentence

Optional peer review or homework submission

💬 Speaking Task: Structured Discussion (20 minutes)

Debate Pairs / Small Groups:

"Sharks are more useful to the planet alive than dead."

Assign roles:

• One student supports the idea using information from the podcast

• One plays devil's advocate or a skeptical policymaker

• Third student (if in group) summarizes the main points

Discourse Features to Practice:

• Expressing agreement/disagreement

• Adding evidence: “For example, studies show...”

• Clarifying: “What I mean is…”

• Perspective: “To put this in perspective…”

✅ Wrap-Up (5–10 minutes)

Reflection questions:

• What new vocabulary did you use in speaking or writing today?

• Did anything surprise you about animal migration and climate change?

• How can you apply today’s vocabulary in other contexts?

heat up
increase in temperature

• The planet is heating up due to a high level of CO2 in the atmosphere.

• If you put food in the microwave, it heats up. 

• ex ; since my air conditioner is not working i feel that the apartment is heating up because of the hight temperature in salvador.

• My computer is heating up because its fan is not working.

rely on (something)
depend on something; need something for another thing to function 

• Humans rely on fossil fuels to heat our homes and fuel our cars. 

• When I broke my ankle, I relied on my family to help me around the house. 

• I rely on my doctor's permission to come back on my activities.

• EX: When I am hungry I rely on Larissa cookies

  
  

dry up
lose liquid and become dry

• This valley used to be a lake but it dried up centuries ago. 

• The juice you spilled on the floor has finally dried up.

• I forgot my perfume open and it dried up!

In the morning the beach was full, So in the afternoon the beach dry up.

die out
gradually become extinct e.g. species 

• If we don't protect their habitats, many species will die out before the end of the century. 

• Some traditional skills are dying out in modern society. 

• I think telephone calls are dying out.

I dont find more types of animals beacause they die out

wipe (something) out 
eliminate something, e.g. a species, in a sudden and destructive way

• Pollution and deforestation have wiped out entire ecosystems.

• The hurricane wiped out the entire neighbourhood, leaving only destruction and debris. 

• Its imposible to wipe out every carbon footprint.

The rain is wiping out the flowers in my street

cut down on (something)
use or do less of something 

• One way to combat climate change is to cut down on our use of fossil fuels.

• I'm going to start cutting down on sugar to improve my health. 

• I need cut down on sugar on my diet.

If you want to be better in your job you need to cup down on your facilities.

fight for (something)
push for (something)
try really hard to achieve something or make it happen 

• The community is fighting for cleaner air and water in their neighbourhood.

• The workers are pushing for higher wages and better conditions. 

• I would like to have a person to fight for me.

In my city we are flighting for problems about trash

take part in (something)
participate in an activity or event

• I took part in a beach clean-up event and together we removed 200 bags of rubbish. 

• Every year, we take part in a fundraising challenge to raise money for sustainability projects. 

• I would like to take part in the global warming event.

• I take part in the association hotel in my city

Homework:

1.Writing Now, write your own complete sentences using the following phrasal verbs. The prompts in italics are optional.

1. die out, e.g. Can you think of a species which died out? Why did it die out?

Dinosaurs died out many years ago.

2. take part in, e.g. What is an activity or event you have taken part in?

I would like to take part in travel clubs and live traveling.

3. fight for, e.g. Have you ever fought for something? What do you think is worth fighting for?

We have to fight for our happiness. Add dayli?

Level: Lower Intermediate (A2–B1)
Duration: 45–60 minutes
Skills: Listening, Vocabulary, Speaking
Materials: BBC audio clip (Beth & Neil), transcript (if needed), visuals for vocabulary

🔹 Objective:

By the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

• Understand key vocabulary related to friendship and parenting

• Talk about social experiences like making new friends

• Practice listening comprehension with real-life English

🔸 1. Warm-Up: Social Circles (7–10 min)

Discussion Questions:

• 
  

• Do parents feel pressure to socialize with other parents?

• 
  

• Have you ever had to "fit into" a new group?

• 
  

👉 Pre-teach the concept of “mum friends” and “play date.”
Example: “A mum friend is a friend you make because your kids are friends.”

Summary:

🔸 2. Vocabulary Focus (10–12 min)

Teach these expressions using examples and questions:

1. play date – “Have you ever arranged a play date for children?”

2. clique – “Have you ever felt excluded by a clique?”

3. glam – “Who is someone you find glam?”

4. fit into – “Is it easy for you to fit into new groups?”

5. down to luck – “Do you think making friends is down to luck?”

6. click with – “Can you describe someone you clicked with instantly?”

🔸 3. Listening Task (15–20 min)

Task 1: Prediction (before listening):
Ask: Where do you think the word “play date” comes from? Australia, New Zealand, or the USA?

Task 2: Listen for general meaning (1st listen):
Ask: Do Beth and Neil think making “mum friends” is easy or hard? Why?

Task 3: Listen for detail (2nd listen):
Write down which vocabulary items you hear.
(Optionally, use a transcript to support comprehension.)

Check the quiz question answer: ✅ The USA

🔸 4. Speaking Practice (10–15 min)

Discussion Prompts (using target vocabulary):

• Have you ever joined a group where it was hard to fit in?

• Do you believe making close friends is down to luck?

• 
  

• Can you describe someone you clicked with instantly?

  
  

• What do you think about cliques among parents?

  
  

Encourage the student to use 3–4 of the new words in context.

🔸 5. Wrap-Up / Optional Homework

Recap the vocabulary.
Ask: Which words were new or interesting for you?

Homework (optional):
Write a short paragraph (6–8 sentences) about a time you tried to make a new friend, using at least three of the new expressions.

Level: Lower Intermediate (A2–B1)
Topic: Emotions & Self-care
Focus: Phrasal verbs in context
Time: 40–50 minutes
Target Phrasal Verbs:

• bottle up/ esconder/ hide emotions

• open up/ share emotions

• hold back/ hold emotions

• break down/ lose control and start to cry

• freak out/ lose control through a chock, excitement or fear.

• blow up/ get angry about something

• calm down/ reduce stress

• chill out/ relax

🔹 Warm-Up – Talking About Emotions (5–7 mins)

Ask your student:

• What do you do when you feel stressed or sad?

• i go to the gym and right after i just chill out.

• Do you talk to someone? Do you take time for yourself?

• yes i normally talk to my close friend and i open up with my therapist.

• What does "self-care" mean to you?

  self care means is to take care about my feelings and health , besides that i avoid to break down with something.

  
  

🔹 Step 1 – Learn the Phrasal Verbs (10–12 mins)

Introduce the verbs one by one with short, simple definitions and an example sentence.

1. bottle up – to hide your feelings
   “He bottles up his anger and never talks about it.”

   I don't know how to bottle up my feelings.

   
   

2. open up – to share your emotions with someone
   “She opened up to her friend about her problems.”

   In the star, I did have difficulty to open up with my therapist.

   
   

3. hold back – to stop yourself from showing emotion
   “He tried to hold back his tears.”

   She hold back her emotion during the cerimony.

   
   

4. break down – to start crying or lose emotional control
   “She broke down after the bad news.”

   I saw the scene and I broke down.

   
   

5. freak out – to suddenly feel very afraid, surprised, or angry
   “I freaked out when I lost my phone!”

   He's freaking out because his wife is breaking down.

   
   

6. blow up – to suddenly get very angry
   “He blew up when he heard the lie.”

   Every day in my work, I blow up with someone.

7. calm down – to become more relaxed

I blew up with them but I stop and deep breath for sometime and I chilled out.

1. chill out – to relax and do nothing stressful

Some people isolate for chilling out.

Check comprehension after each one:

• Ask the student to say it back in their own words or translate into Spanish.

• Ask: “Can you think of a situation when you would say this?”

🔹 Step 2 – Choose the Best Option (10 mins)

Say these sentences aloud and have your student choose the correct phrasal verb from two options:

1. When I heard the bad news, I started to cry. I really broke down!
   (a) broke down / (b) chilled out

2. He never tells anyone about his feelings. He always bottles up.
   (a) bottles up / (b) opens up

3. I lost my keys and completely freaked out!
   (a) calmed down / (b) freaked out

4. After the argument, she needed time to chill out!
   (a) blow up / (b) chill out

🔹 Step 3 – Finish the Sentence (10 mins)

Ask the student to complete each sentence with a personal example:

• I freak out when I dont have money for the trip.

• To chill out, I usually stay at home and I do nothin!

• I think it’s hard to open up because our feeling are complicated!!

• Once, I broke down when I had an argument with my mother!

  
  

You can help them expand with follow-up questions.

🔹 Step 4 – Creative Speaking (Optional Extension – 10 mins)

Role play or storytelling:

• "Imagine a friend is feeling stressed. What would you tell them?"

• Or: "Tell me about a time when you had to calm down or chill out."

Encourage use of at least 3–4 phrasal verbs.

🟢 Homework (Optional)

Ask your student to write a short paragraph (5–6 sentences) about a time they felt very emotional, using at least 3 phrasal verbs from the lesson.

🧑‍🏫

Lesson Plan: Spending Time with Friends

Level: Lower-Intermediate

Time: 60 minutes

Main skills: Listening, Vocabulary, Writing, Speaking

Vocabulary Focus: socialise, small talk, awkward, embarrassed, have (something) in common

Based on: BBC Learning English - Real Easy English: “Spending Time with Friends”

🔹 1. Warm-up (10 minutes)

Goal: Introduce the topic and activate background knowledge.

Ask the student these questions to start a conversation:

• Do you like spending time with friends?

• yes i like of course... i like it so much but lately i´ve been very tired and i don´t have guts to do anything.

• What do you usually do when you meet your friends?

• we speak about anything, about the news, we gossip sometimes and we laugh a lot.

• Do you prefer big parties or small get-togethers?

• i prefer small get togethers because i am 30 plus woman. and i am very interested in other things.

• How do you feel when you meet new people?

• ow well i feel very bored to talk the basic things with people, like being outgoing, friendly is sometimes very difficult after you have a conversation.

• 
  

Encourage complete answers using structures like “I like ___” or “I prefer ___ because…”

🔹 2. Vocabulary Introduction (15 minutes)

Goal: Teach key vocabulary from the podcast.

Introduce the five words:

• Socialise – to spend time with people for fun.

• Small talk – casual conversation about unimportant things, often with strangers.

• Awkward – feeling uncomfortable or unsure in a situation.

• Embarrassed – feeling shy, ashamed, or nervous.

• Have (something) in common – to share interests or experiences with someone.

For each word:

1. Say the word aloud and ask the student to repeat.

2. Give a simple example sentence.

3. Ask the student to give their own example, or help them create one.

Example:

Teacher: “Awkward means feeling uncomfortable. For example: ‘I felt awkward when no one spoke at the dinner.’ Can you give me your own sentence?”

🔹 3. Listening Focus (10 minutes)

Goal: Understand the vocabulary in context.

Play or read short parts of the transcript from the podcast. After each part, ask the student questions to check understanding.

Example questions:

• What does Georgie say about socialising?

• she likes parties, she likes to dance and to meet new people but she prefers small events where she can have deeper conversation in a small group and she has a shy side.

• Does Neil like small talk?

• he doesn´t like small talk in a big group with strangers, he thinks is kind of empty and he finds small talks awkward.

• Who prefers small gatherings /small events?

• both prefers small gathering/event.

• What does “social burnout” mean?

• social burnout is staying so tired and then socilize with others, you don´t want to spend time with people, it´s when you are lacking energy. you are exhausted.

vocabulary:

embarrased/ ashamed/ shy

awkward / unconfortable

burnout

socialize

gathering/event - gathering with friends

You can also pause and ask, “What does the word ‘awkward’ mean here?” or “Why does Neil feel embarrassed sometimes?”

🔹 4. Writing Task (15 minutes)

Goal: Practice using new vocabulary in written form.

Ask the student to write a short paragraph (5–6 sentences) answering these questions:

• Do you enjoy socialising?

  Yes I like enjoy socialising, but I like stay alone too because I often have a social burnout.

• What kind of social events do you prefer: big parties or small groups?

  Depends, sometimes I like to go for big events because I drink and eat a lot; but I prefer gathering with fewer friends.

• Do you ever feel awkward or embarrassed when meeting new people?

  Generally I stay confortable with meet new people because I am outgoing person, but I have shy side too and I stay alright alone.

• What do you and your friends have in common?

  We like gossip and laugh a lot.

🎯 Level: Lower Intermediate

⏰ Time: 60 minutes

🎧 Topic: Family – Siblings and Relationships

🎯 Focus: Speaking, Vocabulary Practice, Listening for Detail

👂 Listening Source: BBC Learning English – Real Easy English (Siblings)

1. 🟢 Warm-Up – Family Talk (10 min)

Objective: Get the student relaxed and speaking.

Ask:

Family members: father ( dad- daddy) mother ( mom) sister ( sis) brother ( bro) uncle - aunt ( auntie) cousin - nephew- niece - grandfather (grandpa) grandmother ( granny) god mother - god father - father in law - mother in law - brother in law- sister in law - step father - step mother - step brother - step sister - step family -foster family. twins

• Do you have brothers or sisters?

• no i don´t . i am an only child.

• do you have cousins?

• yes. i have many from my father´s side. and from my mother´s side only two.

• Do you look similar to your cousins?

• yeah.. we have some similarities.

• Do you get on well with them?

• yeah i get on well with them. i don´t see them often but i see them only in family gatherings like christmas or birthdays.

Help with vocabulary if needed (e.g. “older,” “younger,” the oldest - the youngest “same,” “not the same”).last week we remembered a year that he passed away - died

Encourage short answers with follow-ups:

• “Why?” / “How often do you see them?” / “Do you miss them?”

2. 🎧 First Listen – General Understanding (10 min)

Objective: Understand the general topic and speakers.

Play the podcast from the start up to minute 3:00.

Ask simple questions:

• Who is going to a birthday party?

• Do they both have sisters?

• Are their sisters older or younger?

Let the student answer in short phrases or full sentences. No pressure for perfection.

3. 🧠 Vocabulary Practice – Use and Respond (10 min)

Words to review (from the podcast):

• siblings (brothers and sisters)

• similar

• get on well with

• close

Mini tasks:

• Ask: “Do you have any siblings?” (If yes, continue with “Do you get on well with them?”)

• Ask about similarity: “Are you similar to your brother/sister?” “How?”

• Ask: “Are you close with your family?”

• Say a sentence and let them say if it’s true or false for them:

Examples:

• “I get on well with my sister.”

• “My brother is not similar to me.”

• “I wish I had more siblings.”

4. 🎧 Second Listen – Details and Opinion (10 min)

Play from minute 3:00 to 6:30.

Ask:

• Did Georgie become close to her sister during a trip?

• How often does Neil talk to his sister?

• Does Georgie want a brother?

• What does Neil say about being the older sibling?

Encourage full sentences if possible:

• “Yes, because they travelled together.”

• “No, he doesn’t talk to her often.”

5. 💬 Discussion – Let’s Talk About You (15 min)

Ask open-ended questions to let the student share and speak:

• Do you think you and your sibling(s) are similar?

• Do you think older siblings have more responsibilities?

• Are you closer now or when you were a child?

• If you don’t have siblings: Would you like to have one? A brother or a sister? Why?

Support with vocabulary when needed. Let the student speak freely, correct gently.

6. ✍️ Optional Homework (5 min)

Ask the student to write 5–6 short sentences about their siblings or family:

Example:

• I have one sister.

• She is older than me.

• We are not very similar.

• We get on well.

• I see her every month.

• I want to travel with her one day.

grammar input: wish + simple past

i wish i had more money to travel, what other wishes do you have? use the same grammar in this question.

1. i wish i had my grandparent back.

2. i wish there were ( weren´t) no health problems ( there is)

3. i wish i didn´t feel bored to work out.

   
   

4. I wish there were no wars and everyone live in harmony.

5. I wish I had not an abortion - lost my baby.

6. I wish I had traveled much more!

7. I wish I had my grandparents forever.

8. I wish I had money and not need to work! kkkk

🎯 Objective:

Introduce and practice the phrase “feel seen”, meaning to feel understood or represented, especially in a personal or unique way.

⏱️ Duration: 10–15 minutes

🎓 Level: Lower Intermediate to Intermediate

🟢 Step 1: Elicit and Explain (2–3 min)

Start with an example:

Teacher: “One day I saw a meme that said: ‘I reheat my coffee 3 times before I finish it.’ And I said… wow, that’s me! I felt so seen!
Do you understand what that means?”

👂 Guide them:

• It means “That’s just like me!”

• You feel understood, even if the person is not talking about you.

Let the student repeat the phrase:
👉 “I felt so seen!”

🟠 Step 2: Student Personalization (4–5 min)

Ask your student:

Can you think of a moment when someone said something… or you saw something in a book, a movie, or a meme… and you thought:
‘That’s exactly me!’
Something maybe a little different, strange, or personal?

Help with ideas:

• A strange food habit?

• Feeling tired after doing something simple?

• A family situation?

• A moment from school or work?

Once the student shares:
👉 Encourage them to say: “I felt so seen.”

🔵 Step 3: Speaking Practice – Complete the Sentence (3–5 min)

Read or say the start of a sentence, and ask the student to complete it:

1. The last time I felt so seen was when…

2. When someone said _____, I felt so seen.

3. I felt so seen in a movie/book when…

4. A meme that made me feel seen was about…

If needed, model one yourself!

Level: Lower Intermediate (A2–B1)
Focus: Vocabulary + Sentence Structure + Everyday Conversation
Duration: 45–60 minutes
Grammar Target: Present Simple and Modals ("should", "can", "need to")

Important verbs for recycling and clean the atmodphere and deal with climate change.

recycle - spend - waste- cut down (cut back) - rely on - throw away - put away.

Skills: Speaking, Listening, Writing

1️⃣ WARM-UP (5–7 min) – Small Talk: Trash Talk

Start with a few general questions:

• What do you usually throw away at home?

• well i usually throw away the things that i don´t need or garbage in the bin.

• I throw away things that i don´t need like plastic wraps , plastic films, or the kind.

• Do you recycle? What?

• no i don´t recycle because i don´t find a place where i can throw these things away.

• Do you use plastic bags or plastic bottles?

• yes, i use plastic bags and plastic bottles.

Encourage full sentences:

"Yes, I recycle paper and plastic bottles."
"I throw away food sometimes."

You can show pictures or name items (bottle, can, bag, food) to help.

2️⃣ VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT (10–12 min) – Words in Action

Introduce 5 key vocabulary items through simple examples and short definitions in your own words.

1. Waste
   Explain: “To use something badly or throw away too much.”
   Example: 1. “We waste food when we don’t eat it.”

2. we waste when buying a thing that we don´t need.

3. Recycle
   Explain: “To use something again after using it.”
   Example: 1.“I recycle bottles and cans.”

   2. recyling is very important for the world.

   3. Single-use plastic
      Explain: “Plastic we use one time and throw away.”
      Example: “A plastic straw is single-use plastic.”

      plastic for wrapping food is single use plastic.

      
      

4. Rely on
   Explain: “To need something to work or live.”
   Example: “I rely on my phone every day.”

   recycling relies on the consiousness of the peole.

5. Cut back on / Cut down on
   Explain: “To use less of something.”
   Example: “We should cut down on plastic.”

   we should cut down on our purchase online.

After each one, ask the student:

“Do you waste food?”
“What do you recycle?”
“Do you use single-use plastic?”
“What do you rely on every day?”
“What should people cut down on?”

3️⃣ STRUCTURE PRACTICE (10–15 min) – Make the Sentence Right! HOMEWORK

Tell your student they will fix word order in short sentences. These are mixed up.