Integumentary Terms by Genesis Avila Oliva

1. Albino

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A person with an absence of color pigments.

2. Alopecia

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A permanent loss of hair on the scalp.

4. Crusts

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Areas of dried pus and blood, commonly called scabs.

3. Constrict

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When the blood vessels get smaller.

5. Cyanosis

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A bluish discoloration of the skin caused by insufficient oxygen. It can be associated with heart, lung, and circulatory diseases or disorders. Chronic poisoning may cause a gray or brown skin discoloration.

6. Cyst

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A closed sac with a distinct membrane that develops abnormally in a body structure; usually filled with a semisolid material.

7. Dermis

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Also called corium, or "true skin". This layer has a framework of elastic connective tissue and contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, involuntary muscle, sweat, and oil glands, and hair follicles. The top of the dermis is covered with papillae, which fit into ridges on the stratum germinativum of the epidermis. These ridges form lines, or striations, on the skin. Because the pattern of ridges is unique to each individual, fingerprints, and footprints are often used as methods of identification.

8. Dilate

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Get larger

9. Epidermis

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The outermost layer of skin. This layer is actually made of five smaller layers but no blood vessels or nerve cells. Two main layers are the stratum corneum, the outermost layer, and he stratum germinativum, the innermost layer. The cells of the stratum corneum are constantly shed and replaced by new cells from stratum germinativum.

10. Erythema

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A reddish color of the skin that can be caused by either burns or a congestion of blood in the vessels.

11. Integumentary system

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Or skin, has been called both a membrane, because it covers the body, and an organ, because it contains several kinds of tissues. Most anatomy courses refer it as a system because it has organs and other parts that work to gather to perform a particular function. On an average adult, the skin covers more than 3,000 square inches of surface area and accounts for about 15 percent of total body weight.

12. Jaundice

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A yellow discoloration of the skin, can indicate bile in the blood as a result of liver or gallbladder disease. Jaundice also occurs in conjunction with certain diseases that involve the destruction of red blood cells.

13. Macules

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(Macular rash) flat spots on the skin, such as freckles.

14. Melanin

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A brownish black pigment, produced in the epidermis by specialized cells called melanocytes.

15. Papules

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(Papular rash) Firm, raised areas such as pimples and the eruptions seen in some stages of chickenpox and syphilis.

16. Pustules

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Pus filled sacs such as those seen in acne, or pimples.

17. Sebaceous glands

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Oil glands that usually open onto hair follicles. They produce sebum, an oil that keeps the skin and hair from becoming dry and brittle. Because sebum is slightly acidic, it acts as an antibacterial and antifungal secretion to help prevent infections. When an oil gland becomes plugged, the accumulation of dirt and oil results in a blackhead or pimple.

18. Subcutaneous fascia (Hypodermis)

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The innermost layer. It is made of elastic and fibrous connective tissue and adipose (fatty) tissue, and connects the skin to underlying muscles.

20. Ulcer

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A deep loss of skin surface that may extend into the dermis; may cause periodic bleeding and the formation of scars

21. Vesicles

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Blisters, or fluid-filled sacs, such as those seen in chickenpox

22. Wheals

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Itchy, elevated areas with an irregular shape; hives and insect bites are examples

19. Sudoriferous Glands

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(Sweat glands), are coiled tubes that extend through the dermis and open on the surface of the skin at pores.