First Language Acquisition by Marisol Fernandez https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi In this padlet I will discuss, en-us 2022-11-06 15:34:50 UTC 2022-11-07 05:26:26 UTC hello@padlet.com In favor of Imitation Theory marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2371981664 "Repetiation and Imitation is one of the oldest methods used to teach an L2"  (Ghaz-Saidi and Ansaldo). 

Imitiation is vital for child's growing mental dictionary. "The selective imitation is a technique children use to learn more about the language. It is an active process where they choose exactly what to imitate" (Donnelly). 


]]> 2022-11-06 20:25:51 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2371981664 Key Points marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2371988793 - According to Freeman and Freeman, the imitation theory, is when the child hears a word or phrase and then attempts to repeat it. It is based on the behaviorism of B.F. Skinner.
- This theory reflects the fact that children do imitate others as they attempt to communicate.
- However, imitation theory has no explanation for how children and adults can both create and understand new sentences. ]]> 2022-11-06 20:37:16 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2371988793 Against Imitation Theory marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2371990202 According to Ghazi-Saidi & Ansaldo,  repitition and drilling have been criticized, particulary after the introduction of cognitive approaches when drilling by repetition was considered mechanical and meaningless. 


]]> 2022-11-06 20:39:14 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2371990202 Key Points marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2371990525 - According to Freeman and Freeman, this second theory of first language aquisition that is no longer accepted, holds that children develop language through positive reinforcement of standard language forms, and they are corrected when they produce nonstandandard forms.
- Reinforcement Theory only accounts for some of what goes on as children acquire language because individuals taking care of children such as parents and caretakers often do not reinforce standard speech.
- It is also based on the assumption that children will spontaneously produce correct forms of langugae that can be reinforced. ]]> 2022-11-06 20:39:40 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2371990525 Key Points marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2371990619 - According to behavorists, children's language learning begins when a child imitates a sound he has heard and a parent or other caregiver reinforces that action positively. 
- The behaviorist view also fits the general idea that language is learned by imitation. Children try to imitate the sounds that adults make. 
- Studies indicated that learning is not only the result of the environment acting on the individual. Instead, the new views were that humans are born with innate cognitive abilities, and learning is the result of the child acting on the environment.]]> 2022-11-06 20:39:49 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2371990619 Key Points marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2371990664 - Social interaction theory emphasizes the role of social interaction in language development. 
- "It is the child who creates the environment needed for development by prompting the parent or other caregiver to produce the language the child needs" (Freeman and Freeman, page 33). 
- Speakers adjust their language based on their relationship with the person they are speaking to, and in the case of caregiver and young children, the children may well be prompteing the adult, in order to mcake the language more accessible.

]]> 2022-11-06 20:39:55 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2371990664 Key Points marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2371990952 - The theory of language acquisition that most linguists support is the Active Construction of a Grammar theory. This theory states that children invent the rules of grammar themselves.
- Children make hypotheses about possible rules based on what they hear and then refine their hypotheses as they receive additional data. 
- The active construction of grammar theory states that children have an ability to find patterns in a language and develop subsconscious rules that allow them to comprehend and produce language that follows the pattern.  ]]> 2022-11-06 20:40:24 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2371990952 Disagree marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372037630 I disagree with the imitation theory, because when learning a language you do not necessarily become fluent by imitating others. I learned English when I was younger by repetition but not solely due to imitating others I intended to communicate with them. 
Furthermore, as we progress in learning a language we move into developing more complex areas of language as they relate to sentences and other methods of expression.]]> 2022-11-06 22:01:01 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372037630 marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372061181 Behaviorist theory of language acquisition. Shark Tank Updates. (2021, March 7). Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://biznewske.com/behaviorist-theory-of-language-acquisition/

Freeman, D. E., & Freeman, Y. S. (2014). Essential linguistics: What teachers need to know to teach. Heinemann.

Ghazi-Saidi, L., & Ansaldo, A. I. (2017). Second Language Word Learning through Repetition and Imitation: Functional Networks as a Function of Learning Phase and Language Distance. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 11, 463.

Lenneberg, E. H. (1967). Biological Foundations of Language. New York: Wiley.

McLeod, S. A. (2016). Bandura—Social Learning Theory.
http://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html

Piper, T. (2012). Making meaning, making sense: Children’s early language learning. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education.
]]> 2022-11-06 22:47:24 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372061181 In favor of Social Interaction marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372131155 "Humans are active information processors and think about the relationship between their behavior and its consequences" (McLeod, 2016). 

Evidence supporting this theory finds that adults use what is known as "child-directed speech, CDS" This type of speech is easier for children to understand and adults use this simplified speech to help children learn language on their level.

]]> 2022-11-07 00:34:18 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372131155 In favor of Reinforcement Theory marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372145631 Reinforcement can be positive or negative. The use of positive reinforcement, such as praise, with children, encourages them to learn and develop.


]]> 2022-11-07 00:48:09 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372145631 In favor of Behavorist Theory marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372145873 Behaviorists believe that language is learned through conditioning and reinforcement. This means that children learn language by being rewarded for certain behaviors.

Taking time to learn the basics of a new language will make it easier to understand and speak. There are many ways to learning phrases, such as reading, watching television, or listening to the radio, podcast or music. ]]> 2022-11-07 00:48:25 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372145873 Against Reinforcement Theory marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372195700 I consider that similar to Noam Chomsky disagreeing with Skinner's theory relating to children's learning and development as he believes that humans are born with a basic knowledge of language and don't have to learn it from fresh. ]]> 2022-11-07 01:30:20 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372195700 Disagree / Agree marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372214637 In my opinion I consider that this theory has aspects that can be true. I think that children continue to do something when praised, especially in early childhood when they have not even started talking. On the other hand, I also think that if a child is or is not exposed to language before a certain age that they will either become fluent or will no longer be able to learn it fluently. ]]> 2022-11-07 01:46:29 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372214637 Against Behaviorist Theory marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372224067 The behaviorist theory of language acquisition does not provide explicit rules for the individual to follow in order to acquire language.  "The emphasis on stimulus-response connections can lead to an overreliance on rote memorization and imitation" (Behaviorist theory of language acquisition). 

People have independent thinking and abilities. They do not only learn by following others; they develop proficiency by incorporating their own ways of learning.


]]> 2022-11-07 01:55:11 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372224067 In favor of Active Construction marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372237416 The active construction of grammar theory seems to be the most promosing theory believed by theorists today.  Children listen to the language around them and analyze it to determine the patterns that exist. 

"Eventually, the child has created and edited their own grammar to the point where it matches and adult's grammar when they discover that there are forms in the language that do not matcho those produced by this rule" (Lenneberg, 1967).]]> 2022-11-07 02:06:53 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372237416 Against Active Construction marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372237695 Active construction theory of grammar hypothesis states that children learn from their surrounding environment and what they hear from their parents, often compared to the previous theories of Imitiation and Behaviorism; that are no longer accepted.

The other problem with Active construction of pattern is that it says nothing about what patterns are learnable or can possibly predict any pattern but can be demonstrated falsely.


]]> 2022-11-07 02:07:05 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372237695 Against Social Interaction marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372237967 Evidence against this theory finds a few main problems. For example, the length of time children need to be exposed to CDS is unknown. 

Children eventually are able to develop and use more complex language. According to Piper, 2012, CDS is not universal, as there are other cultures who do not use it all and children continue to develop and learn language normally. ]]> 2022-11-07 02:07:20 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372237967 Disagree / Agree marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372341084 I feel that this theory has components that might be successful when acquiring language. For example, learning language and being able to be rewarded for certain behaviors as they relate to learning sounds and the language. However,  I do not necessarily agree with the idea that children learn by following others or doing what others are doing or saying as this relates to speech and language. Especially, when associating the idea of language to instruction in the classroom,  children have different abilities and we see that in education all the time. ]]> 2022-11-07 03:32:29 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372341084 Agree marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372393216 I consider that social interaction plays a great role in the process of cognitive development.  

I relate a lot of this theory with the zone of proximal development. Where child's ability to perform a task under adult guidance with peer collaboration and the student's ability solving the problem indepedently is a major enhancement of the student's overall learning. ]]> 2022-11-07 04:28:06 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372393216 Agree marisolfernandez5 https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372455416 I think that agree with most linguists about the process of active construction of grammar. It predicts deviations from adult grammars, and the various stages of grammar development.

I think this theory accounts for what linguistics consider and has a more organized way of following through. For example, trying to find patterns, hypothesizing and testing so that children have an overall working grammar. ]]> 2022-11-07 05:16:37 UTC https://padlet.com/marisolfernandez5/e9krgd60g7ckrooi/wish/2372455416