https://padlet.com/karaines14/e9bjdr857xo2 en-us 2017-01-25 15:52:30 UTC 2025-10-08 13:07:36 UTC hello@padlet.com karaines14 https://padlet.com/karaines14/e9bjdr857xo2/wish/149358451 -Phoneme development reflects the complexity in producing each phoneme.
-Vowel phonemes are acquired earlier than consonants because vowel sounds require less specific coordination of the mouth and lips.
-Some sounds (p sound) require the lips to come together while the k sound is produced when the back of the tongue touches the soft palate.
-Consonant clusters and blends are more difficult to produce. Full acquisition of consonant clusters may not occur until age 7 or 8.
-The awareness that words are composed of separate sounds that can be manipulated is called phonemic awareness.
-Sound play consists of children manipulating the phonemic elements and prosodic features of pitch, stress, and juncture. Infants engage in a form of sound play as they babble, whereas preschool children focus on the sound similarities between words. 
-As children interact with written language (adults reading stories, restaurant and store signs, etc.) they begin to associate initial letters and specific sounds. One of the first words children learn to represent in writing is their name. ]]> 2017-01-25 15:55:36 UTC https://padlet.com/karaines14/e9bjdr857xo2/wish/149358451 karaines14 https://padlet.com/karaines14/e9bjdr857xo2/wish/149366415 -Children develop words through direct experiences, specifically preschool.
-In assimilation, a new concept is incorporated into an existing conceptual schema (scaffolding).
-In accommodation, a cognitive structure or schema is changed to incorporate the new concept.
-As preschool children develop semantic knowledge, overextensions and underextensions in using vocabulary may occur.
-Overextensions occur when children use the same word to apply to referents that may resemble the actual appropriate referent in some way.
-Underextension, in contrast, occurs when a label or word is inappropriately restricted.
-Adult-child discussions during and after sharing books expand and refine children's semantic knowledge. 
-Preschool age children begin to understand figurative language, including similes and metaphors.
-In certain instances, storybook experiences impact children's development of semantic knowledge. ]]> 2017-01-25 16:11:59 UTC https://padlet.com/karaines14/e9bjdr857xo2/wish/149366415 karaines14 https://padlet.com/karaines14/e9bjdr857xo2/wish/149382947 -Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) calculates the length and complexity of an utterance by counting the number of words and the number of grammatical markings. 
-In preschool years, grammatical complexity of speech occurs in significant ways. For example: 
*increasing noun and verb phrase complexity: children begin to use subject-verb-object structure for sentences.
*negation: negative word-elements appear within sentences ("no")
*interrogatives: questions are beginning to form while keeping subject +verb; preschoolers realize that by asking questions they can keep a conversation going
*passive sentences: sentence order now becomes object-action-agent; comprehension appears to be related to whether the verb is an action verb; spontaneous production or expressive use of passives by preschool children has been rarely documented by researchers, however research says that the younger passive sentences are exposed correlates with an increase in production of children's passive sentences]]> 2017-01-25 16:48:37 UTC https://padlet.com/karaines14/e9bjdr857xo2/wish/149382947 karaines14 https://padlet.com/karaines14/e9bjdr857xo2/wish/149783829 -During the preschool years, children develop knowledge of inflectional morphemes used to indicate plurality, possession, and verb tense (around age 2-4).
-Development of derivational morphemes occurs later and takes more time; derivational morphemes are added to words that change the part of speech/alter the meaning of the word (happy-unhappy)
-Development of morphemic knowledge helps children communicate more precisely.
-There are regular (cat-cats)and irregular (go-went) morphemic patterns.
-Children experiment with morphology to determine how word endings are used to influence sentence meaning.
-Overgeneralizations occur when children use their morphemic rules for words that are irregular (fall-falled). This may occur with comparatives because preschoolers are not yet able to identify regular and irregular comparatives (good, gooder, goodest).]]> 2017-01-26 23:39:56 UTC https://padlet.com/karaines14/e9bjdr857xo2/wish/149783829 karaines14 https://padlet.com/karaines14/e9bjdr857xo2/wish/149783855 -Preschool children begin to use language for a greater number of purposes (requesting permission, invoking social rules, expressing emotions,  making judgments, indirect requests, and joking/teasing).
-Preschoolers become more aware of a listener's needs (metalinguistic/conscious awareness); manipulate their speech to achieve a certain goal by using different language with different audiences
-The used of pragmatic knowledge is evident when a preschool child wants a toy another child has; message can be communicated in a variety of ways ("it's mine", "I want it!", "Can I play with you?", etc.)
-Dramatic Play: Pragmatic knowledge used during this type of play while children assume various roles and communicate with others; pretend telephone conversations are another example of using pragmatic knowledge
-Oral Narratives: Preschoolers begin to partake in monologues (settings where they are the main speaker to a listening audience); the shift between dialogue and monologue represents a significant change in the way language is used.
-Interactions with print: Pragmatic knowledge of written language builds on children's pragmatic knowledge or oral language.
-Storybook Experiences: Preschool children become aware of how written language is used in books (left-right, top-down); children's attempts at re-creating ("reading") storybooks involves pragmatic knowledge (indicates what children know about how language is used in reading process). ]]> 2017-01-26 23:40:20 UTC https://padlet.com/karaines14/e9bjdr857xo2/wish/149783855 karaines14 https://padlet.com/karaines14/e9bjdr857xo2/wish/150399211 2017-01-30 21:40:54 UTC https://padlet.com/karaines14/e9bjdr857xo2/wish/150399211