7.3 L7 To what extent are mitigation and adaptation strategies a successful way of managing climate change? by Claire Thompson https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh Add notes to the padlet for you allocated research area. en-us 2021-08-05 18:32:11 UTC 2022-01-04 07:05:55 UTC hello@padlet.com Yasmine https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973625946 Mitigation is important for countries who have a limited adaptive capacity due to financial and technological resources, as they lack the ability to fund methods which are required for being able to adapt to the effects of climate change. There are simple and affordable ways for countries to reduce the amount of GHG, such as reducing energy use through everyday activities. This ensures that even without the necessary finances, countries can mitigate and reduce the amount of GHG are emitted. ]]> 2022-01-04 06:47:31 UTC https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973625946 ANNA https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973626634 Adaptation: The process of adjustment to actual/expected climate and its effects. 
Differences between Mitigation & Adaptation:
-Mitigation = more GLOBAL scale.
-Adaptation = LOCAL area.
-Success of mitigation is easier to measure (decrease/increase of GHG?)

Through effective adaptation, we as a global community can make our infrastructure more resilient, and in the future build accordingly to climate change. 
-Adaptation focuses on the planning inclusive of short-term, medium-term & long-term plans. 

Most common adaptation strategies:
-Reducing demand + improving water supplies.
-Changes to agricultural practices.
-Strategies implemented to counteract impacts of climate change on ecosystems. 
-Strategies implemented to reduce impacts on human health.]]> 2022-01-04 06:48:10 UTC https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973626634 Manav: For many countries tackling issues require a plan on how the problem will be resolved which almost always include a level of finance and funding required for its execution as well as proper technology for research and development. this can be displayed with covid being an example as africa is the continent with the lowest % of people being vaccinated and this is an issue stemming from two things lack of finance and therefore a lack of sufficient technology https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973627006 2022-01-04 06:48:30 UTC https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973627006 Kamil: More frequent and intense drought, storms, heat waves, rising sea levels, melting glaciers and warming oceans can directly harm animals, destroy the places they live, and wreak havoc on people's livelihoods and communities. As climate change worsens, dangerous weather events are becoming more frequent or severe. Tipping points occur when global heating pushes temperatures beyond a critical threshold, leading to accelerated and irreversible impacts. Some large ice sheets in Antarctica are thought to already have passed their tipping points, meaning large sea-level rises in coming centuries. https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973628652 2022-01-04 06:50:06 UTC https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973628652 Melissa https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973628898 Mitigation is very successful, if done correctly and completely, as it can be very expensive and sometimes in order to reduce costs it isn't done properly. The countries that do this means that their economy is stable and doing well. Moreover, adaptation is necessary as sometimes it comes to a point where mitigation is no longer effective and you have to adapt to the changes and cope with them. When we simply have to adapt to the changes we are faced with, adaptation comes into play. For example, even if we decrease the velocity of ice caps melting they are still rising which weans we need sea walls to protect coastal cities. This is as sea levels may not be rising as quickly but they are still rising and posing as a threat to some areas. Therefore, to a very large extent both mitigation and adaptation are a successful wat to manage climate change but in different ways to different regions. ]]> 2022-01-04 06:50:22 UTC https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973628898 fatemeh https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973630160 Positive feedback is the feedback that pushes the system into a new state of equilibrium.it amplifies and accelerates the change in the system and keeps it going in the same direction. for example as the concentration of the CO2 increases, global warming increases, then the melting of ice increases, as more ice melts and evaporates, more clouds are going to be made in the sky since clouds are a type of greenhouse gas they amplify global warming. 
A tipping point is part of a system that kick-starts self-perpetuating positive feedback loops that push the systems to a new state of equilibrium.when the tipping point is reached the system goes beyond the equilibrium . 
the problems when the system reached the tipping point include:
1-environmental  support would collapse such as water cycle regulation 
2-The seas’ food production capacity will be compromised
3-Climate may spiral into a positive feedback cycle and become unsuitable for human existence.
The problem with tipping points is that in large systems, feedback loops may be slow and the impacts will not be seen immediately.


]]> 2022-01-04 06:51:34 UTC https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973630160 Brooke - Person 3 https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973631571 Adaptation Strategies

Can be used to reduce adverse effects and maximise any positive effects. Adaptive capacities varies in regions and depend on financial and tech. resources.

Water resources
To prevent water shortages and flooding:
  • Ban building on river flood plains or in areas prone to flooding.
  • Construction of flood barriers, improvements in drainage or diversion of floodwaters e.g. through SUDS, which could be incorporated into planning and building regulations.
  • Modifying infrastructure and buildings to withstand floods e.g. adapting drainage and sewage systems to prevent sewage overflow.

Agriculture and fisheries
  • Using crops that have been developed to reflect changing local conditions.
  • Changing to crop varieties with high yields.
  • Altering the time of planting and harvesting to match change in conditions and optimise yields.
  • Employing water conservation techniques to maximise use of limited water resource eg micro-irrigation techniques.
  • Increasing retention of soil moisture and reduced soil erosion via use of winter crops, terracing and wind breaks.
  • Reduction in fishing intensity.
  • Reduced fish catches.

Coastal systems and low lying areas
  • A ban on new developments in low lying coastal areas.
  • Building and re-enforcing sea walls and coastal defences.
  • Preparing contingency plans on what to do in the event of a flood.
  • Moving potentially dangerous facilities away from low lying areas vulnerable to sea level rise or storm surges e.g. nuclear power station or stores of hazardous materials.
  • Managed retreat, which allows coastal areas to become flooded. It may involve compensation and relocation of local residents.

Health
  • Use of vaccination programmes to reduce risk of certain diseases.
  • Public health education programme which covers:
  1. What action to take during a heat wave.
  2. What to do during floods.
  3. How do avoid specific diseases.
  4. What action to take if ill.
]]> 2022-01-04 06:52:58 UTC https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973631571 Moksh mokshk_wis https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973632204 The impacts of climate change are already being felt across the globe. When dealing with these impacts we can be proactive and take action to minimise effects prior to them occurring and also reactive, take action once the impacts have occurred. For instance we can try and minimise the impacts of heavy rainfall by improving drainage (proactive) and if under extreme conditions flooding occurs, move people to a temporary safe location with adequate supply of food and water (reactive).

Human societies now face a choice on whether to:

  • Continue producing GHG emissions (i.e. business as usual) and try to adjust to changes to our environment as they occur. This may include adjusting to non-reversible changes (e.g. loss of habitats and biodiversity).
  • Take action to reduce further emissions and adjust to a changing environment.
GHG emission can be lowered through a variety of strategies including:

  • Reducing the use of fossil fuels by:
    • Improving energy efficiency (e.g. appliances that require less energy).
    • Energy conservation (e.g. reducing energy waste by improving insulation of buildings).
    • Using alternative sources of energy with low GHG emissions (e.g. wind and solar power).
  • Reducing emissions from agriculture through improved practices.

]]> 2022-01-04 06:53:35 UTC https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973632204 Kenan https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973632677 Mitigation is necessary for countries that have a limited adaptive capacity due to financial and technological resources, as they lack funds to implement methods to adapt to the impacts of climate change. The most efficient way for countries to reduce their GHG emissions would be reducing energy use through everyday activities  ]]> 2022-01-04 06:54:02 UTC https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973632677 Andrea Sofia https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973633599 It is likely that with elevated levels of GHGs the average global temperatures would rise. If this continues, by 2100 temperatures could rise by around 3.7°C.This could dramatically alter weather systems resulting in more extreme events such as high rainfall and typhoons putting greater pressure on water and food resources. Ecosystems could be irreparably damaged. Human societies now face a choice on whether to: Leave the situation as it is and try to adjust to changes in our environment as they occur. Or while adjusting to the changing environment, also take action to reduce further emissions. We can be proactive and take action to minimise effects prior to them occurring and also reactive, take action once the impacts have occurred.]]> 2022-01-04 06:54:52 UTC https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973633599 Hriday: When using an adaptation and/or mitigation strategy a tipping point may be triggered this is the point that kick starts the positive feedback cycle. positive feedback cycles that amplifies a change in the system. This is either beneficial or harmful for the environment such as deforestation which is harmful. mitigation strategies of reforestation would be successful as it is the solution in increasing the population of plant life rather than adaptation was plants are crucial to our environment and without plants this can affect several species population systems. https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973633744 2022-01-04 06:55:00 UTC https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973633744 Muhannad https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973634190 Mitigation measures are those that are taken to reduce and curb greenhouse gas emissions, whereas adaptation measures are those that are taken to reduce vulnerability to climate change's effects. As a result, mitigation focuses on the causes of climate change, whereas adaptation focuses on the consequences.]]> 2022-01-04 06:55:23 UTC https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973634190 mitigation can tackle the causes of isabella- mitigation can tackle the causes of climate change and minimise the possible impacts of it if done successfully (replacing coal-fired power generation with renewable energy sources like solar and wind, changing our personal behavior - reducing consumption). Adaptation looks at how to reduce the negative effects climate change has and how to take advantage of any opportunities that arise. (designing cities to stay cooler) https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973634756 2022-01-04 06:55:54 UTC https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973634756 https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973638523 Adaptation strategy can prevent the ecosystem to create a sustainable envierment for species and organism

The adaption strategy  can reduce the risk of the water shortages for example reducing demand via the water conservation strategies and  in order to improve the water supplies , we can use the  desalination plants  to utilize seawater  another advantage of adaption strategies is to decrease the risk of the flooding  through the construction of flood barriers or use the sustainable urban drainage ( suds)
Changes to agriculture practices can impact on adaption strategies for example , grow at higher temperatures, need less water , and in order to increase retention of soil mosture we can use the winter crops ]]> 2022-01-04 06:59:14 UTC https://padlet.com/c_thompson_wis/e91o8fp8xs818mvh/wish/1973638523