of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. They brought different views of subjects together

in the same picture, resulting in paintings that appear fragmented and abstracted.

By breaking objects and figures down into distinct areas the artists aimed to show

different viewpoints at the same time within the same space

Georges Braques was a 20th century French painter, collagist, print maker and

sculptor. His most notable contributions were in his alliance with Fauvism, and the

roll he played in Cubism

Pablo Picasso was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore

beginning of the 20th century. The artists who pioneered this style of art were

referred to as Les Fauves, meaning wild beasts. This is due to the use of bright

intense abstract colours they used in the paining’s. The 2 leading Fauvism artist

were Henri Matisse and André Derain. The Fauvism and expressionism movements

started around 1905 while the cubism style began only 2 years later around 1907.

the 3 art styles are related in a the way that they were pushing the boundaries of art

at the time, Fauvism and expressionism were focused on pushing the extremes of

colour and whereas Cubism was intent on pushing the limits of geometric form

around 1909, and it was one of the most important avant-garde movements of its

time. The style is characterized by a dynamic embrace of modern technology, speed,

energy, and innovation. The Futurists rejected traditional forms of art and sought to

capture the essence of modern life, especially the rapid changes brought about by

industrialization, urbanization, and technological advancements.

2 leading Futurism artists were Umberto Boccioni and Giacomo Balla

Boccioni was an Italian painter and sculptor, and one of the leading

figures of the Futurist movement, which sought to capture the energy, speed, and

dynamic nature of modern life. Boccioni's work, particularly in painting and

sculpture, is seen as central to the development of Futurism, and his innovations in

representing movement and energy influenced both 20th-century art and later

avant-garde movements

Balla was an Italian painter and a leading figure in

the Futurist movement, which sought to break away from traditional artistic forms

and embrace modernity, technology, and dynamism. Balla is especially known for his

exploration of movement, light, and speed, which were central themes in Futurism

Europe, and is known for its exploration of the unconscious mind, dream imagery,

and irrational juxtapositions. The movement was officially founded in 1924 by the

French writer André Breton with the publication of the Surrealist Manifesto.

Surrealism sought to challenge conventional perceptions of reality and to liberate

the imagination by using art as a means to explore the deeper layers of the psyche,

including the unconscious, dreams, and repressed desires

Salvador Dalí was a Spanish surrealist painter, sculptor, and writer, widely regarded

as one of the most eccentric and influential artists of the 20th century. Known for

his technical mastery, flamboyant personality, and imaginative, dream-like imagery,

Dalí became an iconic figure within the Surrealist movement. His works often

featured distorted forms, optical illusions, and bizarre landscapes that defied logic

and explored themes of the subconscious, time, and sexuality

1916 and lasted into the early 1920s. It originated in Zurich, Switzerland, at

the Cabaret Voltaire, a nightclub where artists, poets, and performers began to question

traditional notions of art, logic, and society. Dadaism was not a cohesive or structured

movement but rather a reaction against the horrors of war, the establishment, and the

rational thought that had contributed to the global conflict. It sought to embrace

absurdity, chaos, and irrationality, and it rejected the formalism and seriousness of

earlier art movements, like Fauvism, Cubism, and Expressionism

Hugo Ball was a German poet, writer, and one of the founding figures of

the Dada movement, which emerged during World War I as an anti-art, anti-

establishment, and anarchistic response to the horrors of the war and the social

structures that had led to it. Ball is best known for his role in the early development

of Dada, particularly in Zurich, where he helped establish the Cabaret Voltaire in

1916, which became the birthplace of the Dada movement

Max Ernst was a German painter, sculptor, and pioneer of Surrealism, but he is

also deeply associated with Dadaism. He was a provocateur, a shocking and

innovative artist who”s work spanned multiple avant-garde movements, and he was

one of the most important figures in both the Dada and Surrealist movements,

influencing the course of modern art with his experimental techniques and radical

ideas

aesthetic roots fixed firmly in the Suprematism movement, Constructivism came fully to the

forefront as the art of a young Soviet Union after the revolution of 1917. The movement was

conceived of out of a need for a new aesthetic language; one benefitting of a progressive new era

in Soviet socialist history. Constructivism also borrowed elements of other European avant-gardes,

notably Cubism and Futurism, and at its heart was the idea that artmaking should be approached

as a process of cerebral “construction”.

Released from the old romantic notion of being tied to the studio and the easel, Constructivist

artists were reborn as technicians and/or engineers who, much like scientists, were seeking

solutions to modern problems. By the early 1920s Constructivist art had evolved to accommodate

the idea of Productivism which took the aesthetic principles of Constructivism and applied them to

“everyday” art such as photography, fashion, graphic and textile design, cinema, and theatre.

Nevertheless, by the early 1930s the Soviet avant-garde had rudely fallen foul of the new regime

that wished to promote the more transparent style of Socialist Realism

Vladimir Tatlin was educated at the Moscow Academy of Fine Arts, graduating in 1910. Late in 1913 he went to Paris, where he visited Pablo Picasso, whose reliefs in sheet iron, wood, and cardboard made a deep impression on him. Returning to Moscow, Tatlin created constructions that he called “painting reliefs,” which he exhibited at a Futurist exhibition held in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) in February 1915. He became the leader of a group of Moscow artists who tried to apply engineering techniques to the construction of sculpture. This developed into a movement known as Constructivism

Kandinsky is generally credited as one of the pioneers of abstraction in western art. Born in Moscow, he spent his childhood in Odessa, where he graduated from Odessa Art School. He enrolled at the University of Moscow, studying law and economics. Successful in his profession, he was offered a professorship (chair of Roman Law) at the University of Dorpat (today Tartu, Estonia). Kandinsky began painting studies (life-drawing, sketching and anatomy) at the age of 30.

In 1896, Kandinsky settled in Munich, studying first at Anton Ažbe's private school and then at the Academy of Fine Arts. He returned to Moscow in 1914 after the outbreak of World War I. Following the Russian Revolution, Kandinsky "became an insider in the cultural administration of Anatoly Lunacharsky" and helped establish the Museum of the Culture of Painting. However, by then, "his spiritual outlook... was foreign to the argumentative materialism of Soviet society" and opportunities beckoned in Germany, to which he returned in 1920. There, he taught at the Bauhaus school of art and architecture from 1922 until the Nazis closed it in 1933. He then moved to France, where he lived for the rest of his life, becoming a French citizen in 1939

United States during the late 1940s and 1950s. It was the first major American

avant-garde movement to gain international recognition and is often associated with

the post-World War II period, a time of emotional turmoil, existential crisis, and

artistic reinvention. Abstract Expressionism is characterized by its focus on

spontaneous, expressive, and non-representational forms of painting, where

emotion, gesture, and the physical act of creating art take center stage

Jackson Pollock was an American artist and a leading figure in the development

of Abstract Expressionism, a post-World War II art movement that emphasized

spontaneous, emotional, and often chaotic forms of artistic expression. Pollock is

best known for his drip paintings, which revolutionized the art world by rejecting

traditional techniques and embracing a radical new approach to painting

Mark Rothko was an American painter, best known for his large, abstract works that

convey deep emotional resonance through colour and form. A leading figure

in Abstract Expressionism, Rothko became particularly famous for his colour field

paintings, which feature luminous, rectangular blocks of colour and are among the

most iconic and influential works of 20th-century modern art. His art focuses on the

emotional and spiritual potential of colour, and he is often regarded as one of the

greatest American artists of his era

Considered by many to be one of the most influential American artists due to his radical blending of materials and methods, Robert Rauschenberg was a crucial figure in the transition from Abstract Expressionism to later modern movements. One of the key Neo Dada Movement artists, his experimental approach expanded the traditional boundaries of art, opening up avenues of exploration for future artists. Although Rauschenberg was the enfant terrible of the art world in the 1950s, he was deeply respected and admired by his predecessors. Despite this admiration, he disagreed with many of their convictions and literally erased their precedent to move forward into new aesthetic territory that reiterated the earlier Dada inquiry into the definition of art.