Accounting Information System II by SHARIFAH MILDA BINTI AMIRUL - https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b Section 1 - Chapter 4 en-us 2017-03-28 00:08:55 UTC 2023-03-04 01:52:52 UTC hello@padlet.com AMIRUL ASHRAF BIN AMIRUDDIN https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980222
BB14110105

1) Feasibility test

6 feasibility :

1) Operational Feasibility
The purpose of assessing operational feasibility is to gain an understanding of the degree to which the proposed system will solve the problems. It concerns with how the organizational changes will affect the working lives of those affected by the system. Meaning that a proposed system will be used effectively after it has been developed. If users have difficulty with a new system, it will not produce the expected benefits to its organization operational.

2) Technical Feasibility
The purpose of assessing technical feasibility is to gain an understanding of the organization’s ability to construct and implement the proposed system. This feasibility assesses the details of how we will deliver a product or service for example; materials, labor, transportation, where your business will be located, technology needed, and others. 

3) Economic Feasibility
The purpose of assessing economic feasibility is to identify the financial benefits and costs related with the development project. It’s also referring to cost-benefit analysis. In any project, it’s important to identify the benefits and cost related a project. 

4)Schedule Feasibility
The purpose of assessing the schedule feasibility is to gain an understanding of the likelihood that all potential time frames and completion date schedules can be met and that meeting these dates will be sufficient for dealing with the needs of the organization (Hoffer et. al., 2005). This involves questions such as how much time is available to build the new system, when we can build it, type and amount of resources required, and any others related. 

5)Cultural feasibility
This is related to operational feasibility. Cultural feasibility deals with how the end users feel about the proposed system. In this stage, the project development is evaluated for their impact on the local and general culture.

6)Legal Feasibility
Legal feasibility determines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements. Possible considerations that need to be considered are about the copyright, labor laws, and disclosing the information. 

When an organization has either internal or external legal counsel, such reviews are typically standard. However, a project may face legal issues after completion if this factor is not considered at this stage. 

read more at :
http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/courses/info5210/chap09.pdf



2) Cost-benefit analysis

http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cost-benefitanalysis.asp

3) System's evaluation and choice

4)Chosen analysis: Make or buy

5) Outsourcing

6) Role of Accountant in System's evaluation and choices
]]> 2017-03-28 00:13:37 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980222 NUR AISYAH SURYANTO https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980248 BB14110481

SYSTEMS' EVALUATION AND CHOICES

FEASIBILITY TEST:
- The feasibility test brings in a series of practical constraints by asking whether the selected alternative can be implemented given time, financial, legal, personal, and social constraints. By focusing the decision-maker on these constraints, the feasibility test helps to integrate ethical considerations with other aspects of a decision.

1) Operational Feasibility
The purpose of assessing operational feasibility is to gain an understanding of the degree to which the proposed system will solve the problems. It concerns with how the organizational changes will affect the working lives of those affected by the system. Meaning that a proposed system will be used effectively after it has been developed. If users have difficulty with a new system, it will not produce the expected benefits to its organization operational.

2) Technical Feasibility
The purpose of assessing technical feasibility is to gain an understanding of the organization’s ability to construct and implement the proposed system. This feasibility assesses the details of how we will deliver a product or service for example; materials, labor, transportation, where your business will be located, technology needed, and others. 

3) Economic Feasibility
The purpose of assessing economic feasibility is to identify the financial benefits and costs related with the development project. It’s also referring to cost-benefit analysis. In any project, it’s important to identify the benefits and cost related a project. 

4)Schedule Feasibility
The purpose of assessing the schedule feasibility is to gain an understanding of the likelihood that all potential time frames and completion date schedules can be met and that meeting these dates will be sufficient for dealing with the needs of the organization (Hoffer et. al., 2005). This involves questions such as how much time is available to build the new system, when we can build it, type and amount of resources required, and any others related. 

5)Cultural feasibility
This is related to operational feasibility. Cultural feasibility deals with how the end users feel about the proposed system. In this stage, the project development is evaluated for their impact on the local and general culture.

6)Legal Feasibility
Legal feasibility determines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements. Possible considerations that need to be considered are about the copyright, labor laws, and disclosing the information.

When an organization has either internal or external legal counsel, such reviews are typically standard. However, a project may face legal issues after completion if this factor is not considered at this stage.

http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/courses/info5210/chap09.pdf



*COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS :

- To assess economic feasibility, management has to analyze costs and benefits associated with the proposed project.
- * time value of money

http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/analysis/F08papers/Katimuneetorn_Feasibility_Study.html


SYSTEM'S EVALUATION & CHOICES:

- Evaluate the systems whether it satisfy the needs.
- Prioritize the system requirements based on the desired scope and level of automation for the new system
- Describe the strategic decisions that integrate the application deployment environment and the design approach for the new system
- Determine alternative approaches for system development
- * Defining the application Deployment environment

*https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjvoNiC_ffSAhVKPY8KHbMJBKIQFggsMAM&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdallas.edu%2F~rfisher%2Fba4322%2Fpowerpoint%2Fch08raf.ppt&usg=AFQjCNEJtqyjTdzXrf2pOF7DjfsVvNY-Fg&bvm=bv.150729734,d.c2I

Example of case study:
Why: To date, the majority of obesity prevention evaluation efforts have focused on methods that do not optimally recognize the interactions and relationships among the many factors that comprise a complex health issue such as obesity. As a result, important learnings may be missed. A systems approach to obesity prevention evaluation efforts can build on current evaluation methods and improve our understanding on the relationships and their impact among the Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention (IOM, 2012a) report strategies, outcomes, and stakeholders across a variety of settings.

What: Complex systems are a configuration of interacting, interdependent parts, connected through a web of relationships, that form a whole greater than the sum of its parts (Holland, 2000). The explicit recognition by evaluators that obesity is complex will help to facilitate the increased use of systems approaches in evaluation efforts for obesity prevention.

How: From a systems perspective, evaluating progress of obesity prevention efforts should include support for better understanding of the interactions and relationships among individuals, groups, communities, stakeholders, and national efforts across a variety of settings and throughout the evaluation process framework (see Chapter 3).




CHOSEN ANALYSIS: MAKE OR BUY



OUTSOURCING:



ROLE OF ACCOUNTANT IN SYSTEM'S EVALUATION & CHOICES
* more to cost benefit analysis ahhh


]]> 2017-03-28 00:13:58 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980248 NURSAHIRUL BIN KADIR bb14110541 https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980265 BB14110526
SYSTEMS' EVALUATION AND CHOICES
1)Feasibility test
A feasibility study is a preliminary study undertaken to determine a project's viability:-
-technical feasibility
-economic feasibility
-operational feasibility
-cultural feasibility
-schedule feasibility
-legal feasibility
http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/courses/info5210/chap09.pdf
http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/analysis/F08papers/Katimuneetorn_Feasibility_Study.html

2)Cost-benefit analysis
-To assess economic feasibility, management has to analyze costs and benefits associated with the proposed project.
- Cost estimating is essentially an intuitive process that attempts to predict the final outcome of a future capital expenditure (Chen 1996).
-When talking about the cost of IT/IS project, one would first think of the tangible costs that are easily to determine and estimate, such as hardware and software cost, or labor cost. However, in addition to these tangible costs, there are also some intangible costs, such as loss of goodwill, or operational inefficiency.
http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/analysis/F08papers/Katimuneetorn_Feasibility_Study.html

3)System's evaluation and choice
PURPOSE: process that seeks to identify the optimal solution from the alternatives(Types of accounting softwares)
Three major areas to consider
-General requirements
-Technical requirements
-Functional requirements

1. Perform detailed feasibility study:
-Technical feasibility
-Legal feasibility
-Operational feasibility
Degree of compatibility between the firm's existing procedures and personnel skills, and requirement on the new system
-Schedule feasibility(implementation)
2. Perform a Cost-benefit analysis
-identiy costs(tangible and intangible cost)
-identify benefits(tangible and intangible benefits
-Compare the two
Comparison on NPV, Payback, BE

4)Chosen analysis: Make or Buy
Two methods of acquiring information systems:
1. In-house development- need a full time system staff and programmer. can be tuned to suit the unique operations.
2. Purchase commercial systems- purchase from software vendore. difficult to fine tune according to operation requirement. only choose the best solution

5)Outsourcing
6)Role of accountant in system's evaluation and choices
]]> 2017-03-28 00:14:12 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980265 NUR SYAZWANA BINTI WAHAB https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980273 BB14110510

1) Feasibility test

Feasibility
-The measure of how beneficial or practical an information system will be in the organization

-A feasibility study is a preliminary study undertaken to determine a project's viability.
Most system development project should be developed within budget and time constraints defined.
This means that assessing the project feasibility is a required activity in all information system development.

There are SIX main feasibility that need to be considered :

1) Operational Feasibility
The purpose of assessing operational feasibility is to gain an understanding of the degree to which the proposed system will solve the problems. It concerns with how the organizational changes will affect the working lives of those affected by the system. Meaning that a proposed system will be used effectively after it has been developed. If users have difficulty with a new system, it will not produce the expected benefits to its organization operational.
2) Technical Feasibility
The purpose of assessing technical feasibility is to gain an understanding of the organization’s ability to construct and implement the proposed system. This feasibility assesses the details of how we will deliver a product or service for example; materials, labor, transportation, where your business will be located, technology needed, and others. 
3) Economic Feasibility
The purpose of assessing economic feasibility is to identify the financial benefits and costs related with the development project. It’s also referring to cost-benefit analysis. In any project, it’s important to identify the benefits and cost related a project. 
4)Schedule Feasibility
The purpose of assessing the schedule feasibility is to gain an understanding of the likelihood that all potential time frames and completion date schedules can be met and that meeting these dates will be sufficient for dealing with the needs of the organization (Hoffer et. al., 2005). This involves questions such as how much time is available to build the new system, when we can build it, type and amount of resources required, and any others related. 
5)Cultural feasibility
This is related to operational feasibility. Cultural feasibility deals with how the end users feel about the proposed system. In this stage, the project development is evaluated for their impact on the local and general culture.
6)Legal Feasibility
Legal feasibility determines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements. Possible considerations that need to be considered are about the copyright, labor laws, and disclosing the information. 

When an organization has either internal or external legal counsel, such reviews are typically standard. However, a project may face legal issues after completion if this factor is not considered at this stage. 


2) Cost-benefit analysis

Process of quantifying costs and benefits of a decision, program, or project (over a certain period), and those of its alternatives (within the same period), in order to have a single scale of comparison for unbiased evaluation.

-To assess economic feasibility, management has to analyze costs and benefits associated with the proposed project.

Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/cost-benefit-analysis-CBA.html

3) System's evaluation and choice

Why: To date, the majority of obesity prevention evaluation efforts have focused on methods that do not optimally recognize the interactions and relationships among the many factors that comprise a complex health issue such as obesity. As a result, important learnings may be missed. A systems approach to obesity prevention evaluation efforts can build on current evaluation methods and improve our understanding on the relationships and their impact among the Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention (IOM, 2012a) report strategies, outcomes, and stakeholders across a variety of settings.


What: Complex systems are a configuration of interacting, interdependent parts, connected through a web of relationships, that form a whole greater than the sum of its parts (Holland, 2000). The explicit recognition by evaluators that obesity is complex will help to facilitate the increased use of systems approaches in evaluation efforts for obesity prevention.


How: From a systems perspective, evaluating progress of obesity prevention efforts should include support for better understanding of the interactions and relationships among individuals, groups, communities, stakeholders, and national efforts across a variety of settings and throughout the evaluation process framework (see Chapter 3).



4) Chosen analysis: Make or buy

Read more :
file:///C:/Users/Stocklab/Downloads/OJS_file.pdf

5) Outsourcing

 Definition :
�Practice of turning over some or all responsibility for information systems applications and operations to another firm.

�Examples:
-Outsourcing firm develops and runs applications on their computers (Payroll application)
-Outsourcing firm runs applications at your site on your computers.

�Reasons to outsource :
-Cost effective
-Overcome organizational problems in information systems unit
�Outsourcing should be considered during systems analysis

As defined by Griffiths, outsourcing is a strategic use of outside resources to perform activities traditionally handled by internal staff and resources.

Read more :
http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/analysis/f06Papers/Rahardjo/

http://www.cs.kau.se/~gustas/student/Analysis&Design/Introduction(2).pdf


6) Role of Accountant in System's evaluation and choices

•The accountant should ensure that:

–only escapable costs are used in calculations of cost savings benefits

–reasonable interest rates are used in measuring present values of cash flows

–one-time and recurring costs are completely and accurately reported

–realistic useful lives are used in comparing competing projects

–intangible benefits are assigned reasonable financial values
]]> 2017-03-28 00:14:16 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980273 CHAN ANGEL https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980274 BB14110139

1) Feasibility test

The measure of how beneficial or practical an information system will be in the organization

-A feasibility study is a preliminary study undertaken to determine a project's viability.

Most system development project should be developed within budget and time constraints defined.

This means that assessing the project feasibility is a required activity in all information system development.

*http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/courses/info5210/chap09.pdf

*https://www.computingcases.org/general_tools/teaching_with_cases/ethics_tests/feasibility_test.html

*http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/analysis/F08papers/Katimuneetorn_Feasibility_Study.html

2) Cost-benefit analysis*
-To assess economic feasibility, management has to analyze costs and benefits associated with the proposed project.

*http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/cost-benefit-analysis-CBA.html

*http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cost-benefitanalysis.asp

3) System's evaluation and choice*

Why: To date, the majority of obesity prevention evaluation efforts have focused on methods that do not optimally recognize the interactions and relationships among the many factors that comprise a complex health issue such as obesity. As a result, important learnings may be missed. A systems approach to obesity prevention evaluation efforts can build on current evaluation methods and improve our understanding on the relationships and their impact among the Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention (IOM, 2012a) report strategies, outcomes, and stakeholders across a variety of settings.

What: Complex systems are a configuration of interacting, interdependent parts, connected through a web of relationships, that form a whole greater than the sum of its parts (Holland, 2000). The explicit recognition by evaluators that obesity is complex will help to facilitate the increased use of systems approaches in evaluation efforts for obesity prevention.

How: From a systems perspective, evaluating progress of obesity prevention efforts should include support for better understanding of the interactions and relationships among individuals, groups, communities, stakeholders, and national efforts across a variety of settings and throughout the evaluation process framework (see Chapter 3).

*https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjvoNiC_ffSAhVKPY8KHbMJBKIQFggsMAM&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdallas.edu%2F~rfisher%2Fba4322%2Fpowerpoint%2Fch08raf.ppt&usg=AFQjCNEJtqyjTdzXrf2pOF7DjfsVvNY-Fg&bvm=bv.150729734,d.c2I

4)Chosen analysis: Make or buy


5) Outsourcing

6) Role of Accountant in System's evaluation and choices
]]> 2017-03-28 00:14:17 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980274 NURFARAHIN AINA BT ABD RAHIM https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980282 BB14110519

SYSTEMS EVALUATION AND CHOICES

1. Feasibility Test
- The feasibility test brings in a series of practical constraints by asking whether the selected alternative can be implemented given time, financial, legal, personal, and social constraints. By focusing the decision-maker on these constraints, the feasibility test helps to integrate ethical considerations with other aspects of a decision.

2. Cost-benefit analysis
http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/cba.htm

3. System's Evaluation and Choice
4. Chosen Analysis: Make or Buy
http://164.100.133.129:81/eCONTENT/Uploads/Session%207%20-%20Make%20or%20Buy%20Strategy.pdf

http://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/make-or-buy-decision.asp

5. Outsourcing
- Outsourcing is a practice used by different companies to reduce costs by transferring portions of work to outside suppliers rather than completing it internally.

Read more: Outsourcing Definition | Investopedia http://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/outsourcing.asp#ixzz4cZuIDOZQ 

]]> 2017-03-28 00:14:21 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980282 MIMI FARHANAH MAHMUD https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980285 BB14110350

SYSTEMS' EVALUATION AND CHOICES

1)Feasibility test
2)Cost-benefit analysis
3)System's evaluation and choice
4)Chosen analysis: Make or buy
Outsourcing
5)Role of accountant in system's evaluation and choices

1) Feasibility
-The measure of how beneficial or practical an information system will be in the organization

-A feasibility study is a preliminary study undertaken to determine a project's viability.

Most system development project should be developed within budget and time constraints defined.

This means that assessing the project feasibility is a required activity in all information system development.

There are SIX main feasibility that need to be considered :

1) Operational Feasibility
The purpose of assessing operational feasibility is to gain an understanding of the degree to which the proposed system will solve the problems. It concerns with how the organizational changes will affect the working lives of those affected by the system. Meaning that a proposed system will be used effectively after it has been developed. If users have difficulty with a new system, it will not produce the expected benefits to its organization operational.

2) Technical Feasibility
The purpose of assessing technical feasibility is to gain an understanding of the organization’s ability to construct and implement the proposed system. This feasibility assesses the details of how we will deliver a product or service for example; materials, labor, transportation, where your business will be located, technology needed, and others. 

3) Economic Feasibility
The purpose of assessing economic feasibility is to identify the financial benefits and costs related with the development project. It’s also referring to cost-benefit analysis. In any project, it’s important to identify the benefits and cost related a project. 

4)Schedule Feasibility
The purpose of assessing the schedule feasibility is to gain an understanding of the likelihood that all potential time frames and completion date schedules can be met and that meeting these dates will be sufficient for dealing with the needs of the organization (Hoffer et. al., 2005). This involves questions such as how much time is available to build the new system, when we can build it, type and amount of resources required, and any others related. 

5)Cultural feasibility
This is related to operational feasibility. Cultural feasibility deals with how the end users feel about the proposed system. In this stage, the project development is evaluated for their impact on the local and general culture.

6)Legal Feasibility
Legal feasibility determines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements. Possible considerations that need to be considered are about the copyright, labor laws, and disclosing the information.

When an organization has either internal or external legal counsel, such reviews are typically standard. However, a project may face legal issues after completion if this factor is not considered at this stage.

2) Cost-benefit analysis
-A cost-benefit analysis is a process by which business decisions are analyzed. The benefits of a given situation or business-related action are summed, and then the costs associated with taking that action are subtracted. Some consultants or analysts also build the model to put a dollar value on intangible items, such as the benefits and costs associated with living in a certain town, and most analysts will also factor opportunity cost into such equations.

Read more: Cost-Benefit Analysis http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cost-benefitanalysis.asp#ixzz4cZmwX45U
Follow us: Investopedia on Facebookhttp://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cost-benefitanalysis.asp

3) System evaluation and choice
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjvoNiC_ffSAhVKPY8KHbMJBKIQFggsMAM&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdallas.edu%2F~rfisher%2Fba4322%2Fpowerpoint%2Fch08raf.ppt&usg=AFQjCNEJtqyjTdzXrf2pOF7DjfsVvNY-Fg&bvm=bv.150729734,d.c2I

4) Chosen analysis: Make or buy
Outsourcing
]]> 2017-03-28 00:14:22 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980285 CHONG JAH HUNG https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980298 BB14110159

1)Feasibility test
The feasibility test brings in a series of practical constraints by asking whether the selected alternative can be implemented given time, financial, legal, personal, and social constraints. By focusing the decision-maker on these constraints, the feasibility test helps to integrate ethical considerations with other aspects of a decision.
http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/courses/info5210/chap09.pdf

2)Cost and benefit analysis

3)System evaluation
https://theses.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd  2719151159731611/unrestricted/F_SYSEVL.PDF

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjvoNiC_ffSAhVKPY8KHbMJBKIQFggsMAM&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdallas.edu%2F~rfisher%2Fba4322%2Fpowerpoint%2Fch08raf.ppt&usg=AFQjCNEJtqyjTdzXrf2pOF7DjfsVvNY-Fg&bvm=bv.150729734,d.c2I


4)Choose analysis: Make or Buy
hrcak.srce.hr/file/122098 

5)Outsourcing

6)Role of Accountant in System's Evaluation and choice]]> 2017-03-28 00:14:33 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980298 PHEOBE CHANG HUI YAN bb14110714 https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980406 BB14110569

1. Feasibility Test
The measure of how beneficial
- Technical Feasibility
- Economic Feasibility
- Operational Feasibility
- Cultural Feasibility
- Legal Feasibility
- Cultural Feasibility
- Schedule Feasibility
http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/courses/info5210/chap09.pdf

http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/analysis/F08papers/Katimuneetorn_Feasibility_Study.html
2. Cost-benefit analysis****
- To assess economic feasibility, management has to analyze costs and benefits associated with the proposed project.

- technique used to compare the total costs of a programme /project with its benefits, using a common metric (most commonly monetary units). This enables the calculation of the net cost or benefit associated with the programme.
https://www.slideshare.net/sakshi28/costbenefit-analysis


3. System's evaluation and choice

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjvoNiC_ffSAhVKPY8KHbMJBKIQFggsMAM&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdallas.edu%2F~rfisher%2Fba4322%2Fpowerpoint%2Fch08raf.ppt&usg=AFQjCNEJtqyjTdzXrf2pOF7DjfsVvNY-Fg&bvm=bv.150729734,d.c2I

http://www.bizfilings.com/toolkit/sbg/office-hr/vehicles-equipment/computer-needs-business-assessment.aspx

4. Chosen Analysis : Make or Buy


5. Outsourcing
- The practice of turning over responsibility for some or all of an organization's information systems applications and operations to an outside firm.

6. Role of accountant in system's evaluation and choices



]]> 2017-03-28 00:15:37 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980406 MUHAMAD ADLI BIN SALEH https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980440 BB14110392

1)Feasibility test
The feasibility test brings in a series of practical constraints by asking whether the selected alternative can be implemented given time, financial, legal, personal, and social constraints. By focusing the decision-maker on these constraints, the feasibility test helps to integrate ethical considerations with other aspects of a decision.

extra notes:
https://www.computingcases.org/general_tools/teaching_with_cases/ethics_tests/feasibility_test.html

pdf:
http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/courses/info5210/chap09.pdf

Types of Feasibility


  • Technical Feasibility - Does the company have the technological resources to undertake the project? Are the processes and procedures conducive to project success?
  • Schedule Feasibility - Does the company currently have the time resources to undertake the project? Can the project be completed in the available time?
  • Economic Feasibility - Given the financial resources of the company, is the project something that can be completed? The economic feasibility study is more commonly called the cost/benefit analysis.
  • Cultural Feasibility - What will be the impact on both local and general cultures? What sort of environmental implications does the feasibility study have?
  • Legal/Ethical Feasibility - What are the legal implications of the project? What sort of ethical considerations are there? You need to make sure that any project undertaken will meet all legal and ethical requirements before the project is on the table.

  • Resource Feasibility - Do you have enough resources, what resources will be required, what facilities will be required for the project, etc.
  • Operational Feasibility - This measures how well your company will be able to solve problems and take advantage of opportunities that are presented during the course of the project
  • Marketing Feasibility - Will anyone want the product once its done? What is the target demographic? Should there be a test run? Is there enough buzz that can be created for the product?
  • Real Estate Feasibility - What kind of land or property will be required to undertake the project? What is the market like? What are the zoning laws? How will the business impact the area?
  • Comprehensive Feasibility - This takes a look at the various aspects involved in the project - marketing, real estate, cultural, economic, etc. When undertaking a new business venture, this is the most common type of feasibility study performed.

extra notes:
http://www.brighthubpm.com/project-planning/56372-types-of-feasibility-studies/

2)Cost-benifit analysis

Cost benefit analysis (CBA), sometimes called benefit cost analysis (BCA), is a systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives (for example in transactions, activities, functional business requirements); it is used to determine options that provide the best approach to achieve benefits while preserving savings.[1] The CBA is also defined as a systematic process for calculating and comparing benefits and costs of a decision, policy (with particular regard to government policy) or (in general) project.


The Cost-Benefit Analysis Process

The first step in the process is to compile a comprehensive list of all the costs and benefits associated with the project or decision. Costs should include direct and indirect costs, intangible costs, opportunity costs and the cost of potential risks. Benefits should include all direct and indirect revenues and intangible benefits, such as increased production from improved employee safety and morale, or increased sales from customer goodwill. A common unit of monetary measurement should then be applied to all items on the list. Care should be taken to not underestimate costs or overestimate benefits. A conservative approach with a conscious effort to avoid any subjective tendencies when calculating estimates is best suited when assigning value to both costs and benefits for the purpose of a cost-benefit analysis.

The final step is to quantitatively compare the results of the aggregate costs and benefits to determine if the benefits outweigh the costs. If so, then the rational decision is to go forward with project. In not, a review of the project is warranted to see if adjustments can be made to either increase benefits and/or decrease costs to make the project viable. If not, the project may be abandoned.



Read more: Cost-Benefit Analysis Definition | Investopedia http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cost-benefitanalysis.asp#ixzz4cZmcx53T
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Steps for Cost Benefits

1)Set the framework for the analysis
2)Decide whose costs benefits should be recognized.
3)Identity and categorize costs and benefits
4)Project costs and benefits over the life of the program.
5)Monetize costs.
6)Monetize benefits.
7)Discount costs and benefits to obtain present values.
8) Compute net present values.
9) Perform sensitivity analysis.
10) Make a recommendation

Notes: https://www.govloop.com/community/blog/10-basic-steps-for-cost-benefit-analysis/

3)System's evaluation and choice

Systems Evaluation

Carefully evaluate the existing accounting, job cost, estimating, scheduling, and/or project administration systems. Identify strengths and weaknesses within the systems and locate obstacles created by internal processes and procedures. Work with management to diagnose internal challenges that are needed to make the most effective use of the existing systems. Develop a strategy for improved usage of existing systems, and prepare necessary implementation and action plans.

Step-by-Step Process

Preparation
  • Distribute preliminary interview materials
  • Review available data regarding existing systems and corporate direction
Interview
  • Interview operations and accounting personnel regarding their system needs and use of the existing systems
  • Identify and document gap between desired and existing systems
  • Identify organizational issues impacting effectiveness of the existing system
Analyze
  • Review interview results and document common and important issues
  • Analyze sample reports and documentation received during interviews
  • Analyze capability of existing system and determine strengths and weaknesses
Conduct Preliminary Workshop
  • Send initial observations and alternatives to team members
  • Facilitate workshop with team to review findings and narrow alternatives     *
  • Document preliminary direction and open issues
Work with Software Developer(s)
  • Work with vendor(s) of existing systems to determine client’s use of system
  • Identify intended direction of third-party products in use by client
  • Determine compatibility of all vended solutions with client’s desired direction
Prepare Report of Final Recommendations
  • Identify costs associated with each alternative
  • Identify best alternative(s) for client’s information system
  • Document and support findings
Present Findings to Team
  • Send final memorandum to team
  • Facilitate workshop to review observations, alternatives, and recommendations
  • Gain consensus on findings and recommendations
Action Planning
  • Document necessary activities
  • Assign responsibility and associated time frames
  • Develop bar chart schedule using activities and dates
Note:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjvoNiC_ffSAhVKPY8KHbMJBKIQFggsMAM&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdallas.edu%2F~rfisher%2Fba4322%2Fpowerpoint%2Fch08raf.ppt&usg=AFQjCNEJtqyjTdzXrf2pOF7DjfsVvNY-Fg&bvm=bv.150729734,d.c2I


4)Chosen Analysis: Make or buy

What is a 'Make-Or-Buy Decision'
A make-or-buy decision is the act of choosing between manufacturing a product in-house or purchasing it from an external supplier. In a make-or-buy decision, the most important factors to consider are part of quantitative analysis, such as the associated costs of production and whether the business has the capacity to produce at required levels.

Make Costs

In regards to in-house production, a business must include expenses related to the purchase and maintenance of any production equipment as well as the cost of production materials. Further costs can include the additional labor required to produce the items, storage requirements within the facility or if additional storage space must be purchased, and the proper disposal of any remnants or byproducts from the production process.

Buy Costs

Costs relating to purchasing the products from an outside source must include the price of the good itself, any shipping or importing fees, and applicable sales tax charges. Additionally, the expenses relating to the storage of the incoming product and labor costs associated with receiving the products into inventory must be factored into the decision.

Read more: Make-Or-Buy Decision Definition | Investopedia http://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/make-or-buy-decision.asp#ixzz4cZrRaY38
Follow us: Investopedia on Facebook


http://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/make-or-buy-decision.asp

5)Outsourcing

Outsourcing is a practice used by different companies to reduce costs by transferring portions of work to outside suppliers rather than completing it internally.
Outsourcing is an effective cost-saving strategy when used properly. It is sometimes more affordable to purchase a good from companies with than it is to produce the good internally.

Insourcing vs. outsourcing

The term outsourcing often refers to offshore outsourcing, or the practice of exporting work outside of the United States to companies in less-developed countries, where there tends to be lower labor costs. However, outsourcing is not always the most effective way for companies to save costs.

 Insourcing, or assigning tasks to people or departments in-house, is sometimes more cost-effective for businesses than hiring outside staff or companies. The term insourcing is sometimes used to refer to employing the U.S.-based subsidiaries of foreign global corporations, a practice also referred to as onshore outsourcing or domestic outsourcing.

Notes:
http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/outsourcing

https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~kahan20r/classweb/globalization/off-out.html


6)Role of Accountant in system's evaluation and choices

1) Advice to management the need of system evaluation and choices

]]> 2017-03-28 00:15:53 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980440 FATMAWATI BINTI ADZHAR bb14110714 https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980449 BB14160959

SYSTEM EVALUATION AND RESOURCES
1. FEASIBILITY TEST
As the name implies, a feasibility study is an analysis of the viability of an idea. The feasibility study focuses on helping answer the essential question of “should we proceed with the proposed project idea?”

There are SIX main feasibility that need to be considered :

1) Operational Feasibility
The purpose of assessing operational feasibility is to gain an understanding of the degree to which the proposed system will solve the problems. It concerns with how the organizational changes will affect the working lives of those affected by the system. Meaning that a proposed system will be used effectively after it has been developed. If users have difficulty with a new system, it will not produce the expected benefits to its organization operational.

2) Technical Feasibility
The purpose of assessing technical feasibility is to gain an understanding of the organization’s ability to construct and implement the proposed system. This feasibility assesses the details of how we will deliver a product or service for example; materials, labor, transportation, where your business will be located, technology needed, and others. 

3) Economic Feasibility
The purpose of assessing economic feasibility is to identify the financial benefits and costs related with the development project. It’s also referring to cost-benefit analysis. In any project, it’s important to identify the benefits and cost related a project. 

4)Schedule Feasibility
The purpose of assessing the schedule feasibility is to gain an understanding of the likelihood that all potential time frames and completion date schedules can be met and that meeting these dates will be sufficient for dealing with the needs of the organization (Hoffer et. al., 2005). This involves questions such as how much time is available to build the new system, when we can build it, type and amount of resources required, and any others related. 

5)Cultural feasibility
This is related to operational feasibility. Cultural feasibility deals with how the end users feel about the proposed system. In this stage, the project development is evaluated for their impact on the local and general culture.

6)Legal Feasibility
Legal feasibility determines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements. Possible considerations that need to be considered are about the copyright, labor laws, and disclosing the information.

When an organization has either internal or external legal counsel, such reviews are typically standard. However, a project may face legal issues after completion if this factor is not considered at this stage.

http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/courses/info5210/chap09.pdf

http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/analysis/F08papers/Katimuneetorn_Feasibility_Study.html

2. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
To assess economic feasibility, management has to analyze costs and benefits associated with the proposed project.

3. SYSTEM EVALUATION AND CHOICE

Why: To date, the majority of obesity prevention evaluation efforts have focused on methods that do not optimally recognize the interactions and relationships among the many factors that comprise a complex health issue such as obesity. As a result, important learnings may be missed. A systems approach to obesity prevention evaluation efforts can build on current evaluation methods and improve our understanding on the relationships and their impact among the Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention (IOM, 2012a) report strategies, outcomes, and stakeholders across a variety of settings.

What: Complex systems are a configuration of interacting, interdependent parts, connected through a web of relationships, that form a whole greater than the sum of its parts (Holland, 2000). The explicit recognition by evaluators that obesity is complex will help to facilitate the increased use of systems approaches in evaluation efforts for obesity prevention.

How: From a systems perspective, evaluating progress of obesity prevention efforts should include support for better understanding of the interactions and relationships among individuals, groups, communities, stakeholders, and national efforts across a variety of settings and throughout the evaluation process framework (see Chapter 3).

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjvoNiC_ffSAhVKPY8KHbMJBKIQFggsMAM&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdallas.edu%2F~rfisher%2Fba4322%2Fpowerpoint%2Fch08raf.ppt&usg=AFQjCNEJtqyjTdzXrf2pOF7DjfsVvNY-Fg&bvm=bv.150729734,d.c2I

4. CHOSEN ANALYSIS : MAKE OR BUY
5. OUTSOURCING
6. ROLE OF ACCOUNTANT IN SYSTEM'S EVALUATION AND CHOICE 

]]> 2017-03-28 00:15:58 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980449 SRI NADIA BINTI MOKSIN https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980503 BB14110640

SYSTEM'S EVALUATION AND CHOICES
1. Feasibility test
 *http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/courses/info5210/chap09.pdf

*http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/courses/info5210/chap09.pdf
http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/analysis/F08papers/Katimuneetorn_Feasibility_Study.html
As the name implies, a feasibility study is an analysis of the viability of an idea. The feasibility study focuses on helping answer the essential question of “should we proceed with the proposed project idea?”

There are SIX main feasibility that need to be considered :

1) Operational Feasibility
The purpose of assessing operational feasibility is to gain an understanding of the degree to which the proposed system will solve the problems. It concerns with how the organizational changes will affect the working lives of those affected by the system. Meaning that a proposed system will be used effectively after it has been developed. If users have difficulty with a new system, it will not produce the expected benefits to its organization operational.

2) Technical Feasibility
The purpose of assessing technical feasibility is to gain an understanding of the organization’s ability to construct and implement the proposed system. This feasibility assesses the details of how we will deliver a product or service for example; materials, labor, transportation, where your business will be located, technology needed, and others. 

3) Economic Feasibility
The purpose of assessing economic feasibility is to identify the financial benefits and costs related with the development project. It’s also referring to cost-benefit analysis. In any project, it’s important to identify the benefits and cost related a project. 

4)Schedule Feasibility
The purpose of assessing the schedule feasibility is to gain an understanding of the likelihood that all potential time frames and completion date schedules can be met and that meeting these dates will be sufficient for dealing with the needs of the organization (Hoffer et. al., 2005). This involves questions such as how much time is available to build the new system, when we can build it, type and amount of resources required, and any others related. 

5)Cultural feasibility
This is related to operational feasibility. Cultural feasibility deals with how the end users feel about the proposed system. In this stage, the project development is evaluated for their impact on the local and general culture.

6)Legal Feasibility
Legal feasibility determines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements. Possible considerations that need to be considered are about the copyright, labor laws, and disclosing the information. 

When an organization has either internal or external legal counsel, such reviews are typically standard. However, a project may face legal issues after completion if this factor is not considered at this stage. 

2. Cost-benefit analysis

To assess economic feasibility, management has to analyze costs and benefits associated with the proposed project.



What is a 'Cost-Benefit Analysis'

A cost-benefit analysis is a process by which business decisions are analyzed. The benefits of a given situation or business-related action are summed, and then the costs associated with taking that action are subtracted. Some consultants or analysts also build the model to put a dollar value on intangible items, such as the benefits and costs associated with living in a certain town, and most analysts will also factor opportunity cost into such equations.


The Cost-Benefit Analysis Process

The first step in the process is to compile a comprehensive list of all the costs and benefits associated with the project or decision. Costs should include direct and indirect costs, intangible costs, opportunity costs and the cost of potential risks. Benefits should include all direct and indirect revenues and intangible benefits, such as increased production from improved employee safety and morale, or increased sales from customer goodwill. A common unit of monetary measurement should then be applied to all items on the list. Care should be taken to not underestimate costs or overestimate benefits. A conservative approach with a conscious effort to avoid any subjective tendencies when calculating estimates is best suited when assigning value to both costs and benefits for the purpose of a cost-benefit analysis.

The final step is to quantitatively compare the results of the aggregate costs and benefits to determine if the benefits outweigh the costs. If so, then the rational decision is to go forward with project. In not, a review of the project is warranted to see if adjustments can be made to either increase benefits and/or decrease costs to make the project viable. If not, the project may be abandoned.

 Definition: • Cost–benefit analysis (CBA) is a systematic approach to estimate the short and long term consequences
• measuring all costs and all possible profits and benefits from an investment project proposal 
• taking into account both quantitative and qualitative factors 
• sometimes called benefit–cost analysis (BCA)
• CBA, is the social evaluation of marginal projects, correcting for a potential market failure

• CBA seeks to attach monetary values to external effects so that they can be taken account of, along with the effects on ordinary inputs and outputs 


3. system's evaluation and choice
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjvoNiC_ffSAhVKPY8KHbMJBKIQFggsMAM&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdallas.edu%2F~rfisher%2Fba4322%2Fpowerpoint%2Fch08raf.ppt&usg=AFQjCNEJtqyjTdzXrf2pOF7DjfsVvNY-Fg&bvm=bv.150729734,d.c2I

4. chosen analysis : Make or buy
http://164.100.133.129:81/eCONTENT/Uploads/Session%207%20-%20Make%20or%20Buy%20Strategy.pdf

http://www.strategyand.pwc.com/media/uploads/MakeVersusBuy.pdf

5. outsourcing

What is 'Outsourcing'

Outsourcing is a practice used by different companies to reduce costs by transferring portions of work to outside suppliers rather than completing it internally.

Outsourcing is an effective cost-saving strategy when used properly. It is sometimes more affordable to purchase a good from companies with than it is to produce the good internally.


Disadvantages

Outsourcing also has several disadvantages. Signing contracts with other companies may take time and extra effort from a firm's legal team. Security threats occur if another party has access to a company's confidential information and then the party suffers a data breach. A lack of communication between the company and the outsourced provider may occur, which could delay the completion of projects.






6. Role of accountant in system's evalution      and choices
]]> 2017-03-28 00:16:33 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980503 Jasper Jonathan Chong BB14110256 https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980509 1) Feasibility test
- As the name implies, a feasibility study is an analysis of the viability of an idea. The feasibility study focuses on helping answer the essential question of “should we proceed with the proposed project idea?”
-Feasibility studies can be used in many ways but primarily focus on proposed business ventures.
- Technical Feasibility
- Economic Feasibility
- Operational Feasibility
- Cultural Feasibility
- Legal Feasibility
- Schedule Feasibility

2) Cost-benefit analysis
Cost benefit analysis (CBA), sometimes called benefit cost analysis (BCA), is a systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives (for example in transactions, activities, functional business requirements); it is used to determine options that provide the best approach to achieve benefits while preserving savings.[1] The CBA is also defined as a systematic process for calculating and comparing benefits and costs of a decision, policy (with particular regard to government policy) or (in general) project.

https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTED_08.htm

3) System's evaluation and choice



4)Chosen analysis: Make or buy

5) Outsourcing

6) Role of Accountant in System's evaluation and choices]]> 2017-03-28 00:16:37 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980509 Ainatul Farhana Binti Mohd Darmawi https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980557 BB14110087

1) Feasibility test

five important aspects need to be considered during a feasibility study:
  • 1.Technical feasibility
  • 2.Operational feasibility
  • 3.Legal feasibility
  • 4.Scheduling feasibility
  • 5.Economic feasibility

2) Cost-benefit analysis

A cost-benefit analysis is a process by which business decisions are analyzed. The benefits of a given situation or business-related action are summed, and then the costs associated with taking that action are subtracted.

https://www.slideshare.net/sakshi28/costbenefit-analysis


3) System's evaluation and choice

4)Chosen analysis: Make or buy

5) Outsourcing
¢What is outsourcing?
  • It is hiring an outside company to handle all or part of an organization’s data processing activities.
¢In a mainframe outsourcing agreement, the outsourcers buy their client’s computers and hire all or most of the client’s employees.

  • In a client/server or PC outsourcing agreement, an organization outsources a particular service, a segment of its business, a particular function, or PC support.
Benefits of Outsourcing
A business  and information solution :       
  1. Asset utilization                                   
  2. Access to greater expertise and 
  3. more advanced technology                   
  4. Lower costs                                     
  5. Improved development time        
  6. Elimination of peaks and valleys usage 
  7. Facilitation of downsizing


6) Role of Accountant in System's evaluation and choices

]]> 2017-03-28 00:17:13 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980557 SABRINA FAZLYANA BB14110592 nlajuni https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980562
Systems' evaluation and choices
+ feasibility test
A feasibility study is a preliminary study undertaken to determine a project's viability.
http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/courses/info5210/chap09.pdf

There are SIX main feasibility that need to be considered :

1) Operational Feasibility
The purpose of assessing operational feasibility is to gain an understanding of the degree to which the proposed system will solve the problems. It concerns with how the organizational changes will affect the working lives of those affected by the system. Meaning that a proposed system will be used effectively after it has been developed. If users have difficulty with a new system, it will not produce the expected benefits to its organization operational.

2) Technical Feasibility
The purpose of assessing technical feasibility is to gain an understanding of the organization’s ability to construct and implement the proposed system. This feasibility assesses the details of how we will deliver a product or service for example; materials, labor, transportation, where your business will be located, technology needed, and others. 

3) Economic Feasibility
The purpose of assessing economic feasibility is to identify the financial benefits and costs related with the development project. It’s also referring to cost-benefit analysis. In any project, it’s important to identify the benefits and cost related a project. 

4)Schedule Feasibility
The purpose of assessing the schedule feasibility is to gain an understanding of the likelihood that all potential time frames and completion date schedules can be met and that meeting these dates will be sufficient for dealing with the needs of the organization (Hoffer et. al., 2005). This involves questions such as how much time is available to build the new system, when we can build it, type and amount of resources required, and any others related. 

5)Cultural feasibility
This is related to operational feasibility. Cultural feasibility deals with how the end users feel about the proposed system. In this stage, the project development is evaluated for their impact on the local and general culture.

6)Legal Feasibility
Legal feasibility determines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements. Possible considerations that need to be considered are about the copyright, labor laws, and disclosing the information. 

When an organization has either internal or external legal counsel, such reviews are typically standard. However, a project may face legal issues after completion if this factor is not considered at this stage.


 + Cost-benefit analysis ********
 -To assess economic feasibility, management has to analyze costs and benefits associated with the proposed project.

- technique used to compare the total costs of a programme /project with its benefits, using a common metric (most commonly monetary units). This enables the calculation of the net cost or benefit associated with the programme.
This gonna help

+ System's evaluation and choice
ch08 (below)

+ Chosen analysis: Make(in-house development) or buy
http://www.strategyand.pwc.com/media/uploads/MakeVersusBuy.pdf

+ Outsourcing
- is a practice in which an individual or company performs tasks, provides services or manufactures products for another company -- functions that could have been or is usually done in-house. Outsourcing is typically used by companies to save costs.
http://www.cs.kau.se/~gustas/student/Analysis&Design/Introduction(2).pdf

+ Role of accountant in system's evaluation and choices
]]> 2017-03-28 00:17:17 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980562 CHANDRIGA RAMAKRISNA RAO https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980721 BB13110066
SYSTEMS' EVALUATION AND CHOICES
1)Feasibility test
- Technical Feasibility
- Economic Feasibility
- Operational Feasibility
- Cultural Feasibility
- Legal Feasibility
- Cultural Feasibility
- Schedule Feasibility

2)Cost-benefit analysis
Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a technique used to compare the total costs of a programme/project with its benefits, using a common metric (most commonly monetary units). This enables the calculation of the net cost or benefit associated with the programme.
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTED_08.htm

3)System's evaluation and choice
Why: To date, the majority of obesity prevention evaluation efforts have focused on methods that do not optimally recognize the interactions and relationships among the many factors that comprise a complex health issue such as obesity. As a result, important learnings may be missed. A systems approach to obesity prevention evaluation efforts can build on current evaluation methods and improve our understanding on the relationships and their impact among the Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention (IOM, 2012a) report strategies, outcomes, and stakeholders across a variety of settings.

What: Complex systems are a configuration of interacting, interdependent parts, connected through a web of relationships, that form a whole greater than the sum of its parts (Holland, 2000). The explicit recognition by evaluators that obesity is complex will help to facilitate the increased use of systems approaches in evaluation efforts for obesity prevention.

How: From a systems perspective, evaluating progress of obesity prevention efforts should include support for better understanding of the interactions and relationships among individuals, groups, communities, stakeholders, and national efforts across a variety of settings and throughout the evaluation process framework (see Chapter 3).
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjvoNiC_ffSAhVKPY8KHbMJBKIQFggsMAM&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdallas.edu%2F~rfisher%2Fba4322%2Fpowerpoint%2Fch08raf.ppt&usg=AFQjCNEJtqyjTdzXrf2pOF7DjfsVvNY-Fg&bvm=bv.150729734,d.c2I

4)Chosen analysis: Make or Buy
https://www.carnet.hr/referalni/obrazovni/en/oca/method.html

5)Outsourcing
6)Role of accountant in system's evaluation and choices

]]> 2017-03-28 00:19:21 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980721 NORFATIEHAH FAZIRA BINTI ZULKHARNAIN https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980817 BB13110364

SYSTEM EVALUATION AND RESOURCES
1. FEASIBILITY TEST - is an assessment of the practicality of a proposed project or system.

SIX main feasibility that need to be considered :
i) Operational Feasibility
The purpose of assessing operational feasibility is to gain an understanding of the degree to which the proposed system will solve the problems. It concerns with how the organizational changes will affect the working lives of those affected by the system. Meaning that a proposed system will be used effectively after it has been developed. If users have difficulty with a new system, it will not produce the expected benefits to its organization operational.

ii) Technical Feasibility
The purpose of assessing technical feasibility is to gain an understanding of the organization’s ability to construct and implement the proposed system. This feasibility assesses the details of how we will deliver a product or service for example; materials, labor, transportation, where your business will be located, technology needed, and others. 

iii) Economic Feasibility
The purpose of assessing economic feasibility is to identify the financial benefits and costs related with the development project. It’s also referring to cost-benefit analysis. In any project, it’s important to identify the benefits and cost related a project. 

iv)Schedule Feasibility
The purpose of assessing the schedule feasibility is to gain an understanding of the likelihood that all potential time frames and completion date schedules can be met and that meeting these dates will be sufficient for dealing with the needs of the organization (Hoffer et. al., 2005). This involves questions such as how much time is available to build the new system, when we can build it, type and amount of resources required, and any others related. 

vi)Cultural feasibility
This is related to operational feasibility. Cultural feasibility deals with how the end users feel about the proposed system. In this stage, the project development is evaluated for their impact on the local and general culture.

v)Legal Feasibility
Legal feasibility determines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements. Possible considerations that need to be considered are about the copyright, labor laws, and disclosing the information. 

When an organization has either internal or external legal counsel, such reviews are typically standard. However, a project may face legal issues after completion if this factor is not considered at this stage.

http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/courses/info5210/chap09.pdf

2. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS* - also called benefit cost analysis (BCA), is a systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives (for example in transactions, activities, functional business requirements); it is used to determine options that provide the best approach to achieve benefits while preserving savings.[1] The CBA is also defined as a systematic process for calculating and comparing benefits and costs of a decision, policy (with particular regard to government policy) or (in general) project.

http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/cba.htm

3. SYSTEM EVALUATION AND CHOICE

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjvoNiC_ffSAhVKPY8KHbMJBKIQFggsMAM&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdallas.edu%2F~rfisher%2Fba4322%2Fpowerpoint%2Fch08raf.ppt&usg=AFQjCNEJtqyjTdzXrf2pOF7DjfsVvNY-Fg&bvm=bv.150729734,d.c2I

4. CHOSEN ANALYSIS : MAKE OR BUY*

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjok47F-vfSAhUSTI8KHeOOBqYQFggwMAQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Ffile%2F122098&usg=AFQjCNGllBdyDdJapPqnS0-rN_jYL4K-dw&bvm=bv.150729734,d.c2I

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/management_concepts/pdf/the_make_or_buy_decision.pdf

5. OUTSOURCING*
6. ROLE OF ACCOUNTANT IN SYSTEMS'S EVALUATION AND CHOICES
]]> 2017-03-28 00:20:25 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162980817 nlajuni https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162981560 2017-03-28 00:28:38 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162981560 Siti Salviah binti Jeckrey nurulhazfazira https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162982595 BB14110631

SYSTEM EVALUATION AND RESOURCES

1. Feasibility Test
A feasibility study for an information system project is an in-depth look at the project in order to determine whether or not an organization should proceed with its implementation. Feasibility studies provide project managers with an overview of the primary issues related to the project, as well as insights about the outcomes of the project, before the company invests too much time and money.
There are many different types of feasibility studies; here is a list of some of the most common:
  • Technical Feasibility- Does the company have the technological resources to undertake the project? Are the processes and procedures conducive to project success?
  • Schedule Feasibility - Does the company currently have the time resources to undertake the project? Can the project be completed in the available time?
  • Economic Feasibility - Given the financial resources of the company, is the project something that can be completed? The economic feasibility study is more commonly called the cost/benefit analysis.
  • Cultural Feasibility - What will be the impact on both local and general cultures? What sort of environmental implications does the feasibility study have?
  • Legal/Ethical Feasibility - What are the legal implications of the project? What sort of ethical considerations are there? You need to make sure that any project undertaken will meet all legal and ethical requirements before the project is on the table.
  • Resource Feasibility - Do you have enough resources, what resources will be required, what facilities will be required for the project, etc
  • Operational Feasibility - This measures how well your company will be able to solve problems and take advantage of opportunities that are presented during the course of the project

2. Cost-benefit Analysis
Process of quantifying costs and benefits of a decision, program, or project (over a certain period), and those of its alternatives (within the same period), in order to have a single scale of comparison for unbiased evaluation. Unlike the present value (PV) method of investment appraisal, CBA estimates the net present value (NPV) of the decision by discounting the investment and returns. Though employed mainly in financial analysis, a CBA is not limited to monetary considerations only. It often includes those environmental and social costs and benefits that can be reasonably quantified.

3. System's evaluation and choice

4. Chosen analysis: Make or buy

5. Outsourcing

6. Role of Accountant in System's evaluation and choices


]]> 2017-03-28 00:39:09 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162982595 KENNETH MATIAS https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162983052 BB14110278

SYSTEM EVALUATION AND RESOURCES

1. FEASIBILITY TEST
 - The measure of how beneficial or practical the development of an information system will be in an organization

  • Technical Feasibility- Does the company have the technological resources to undertake the project? Are the processes and procedures conducive to project success?
  • Schedule Feasibility - Does the company currently have the time resources to undertake the project? Can the project be completed in the available time?
  • Economic Feasibility - Given the financial resources of the company, is the project something that can be completed? The economic feasibility study is more commonly called the cost/benefit analysis.
  • Cultural Feasibility - What will be the impact on both local and general cultures? What sort of environmental implications does the feasibility study have?
  • Legal/Ethical Feasibility - What are the legal implications of the project? What sort of ethical considerations are there? You need to make sure that any project undertaken will meet all legal and ethical requirements before the project is on the table.
  • Resource Feasibility - Do you have enough resources, what resources will be required, what facilities will be required for the project, etc
  • Operational Feasibility - This measures how well your company will be able to solve problems and take advantage of opportunities that are presented during the course of the project


2. COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

3. SYSTEM EVALUATION AND CHOICE

]]> 2017-03-28 00:42:17 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162983052 MUHAMMAD AZREE BIN SHAARI https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162983376 BB14110404
SYSTEM EVALUATION AND RESOURCES

1. FEASIBILITY TEST

2. COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

3. SYSTEM EVALUATION AND CHOICE

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4. Chosen Analysis : Make or Buy

5. Outsourcing

6. Role of accountant in system's evaluation and choices




]]> 2017-03-28 00:45:05 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162983376 NAJIB BIN ALI https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162983891 BB14110424
SYSTEM EVALUATION AND RESOURCES

1. Feasibility Test
An analysis of the viability of an idea.
Feasibility study consist of:

- Technical Feasibility
- Economic Feasibility
- Operational Feasibility
- Cultural Feasibility
- Legal Feasibility
- Schedule Feasibility


2. Cost-Benefit Analysis
A cost analysis (also called cost-benefit analysis, or CBA) is a detailed outline of the potential risks and gains of a projected venture.




3. System Evaluation and Choice
4)Chosen analysis: Make or Buy

5)Outsourcing
6)Role of accountant in system's evaluation and choices

]]> 2017-03-28 00:49:44 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/162983891 https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/163014195 2017-03-28 06:15:19 UTC https://padlet.com/sma6/e6i32925a01b/wish/163014195