I. Describe the skills required to be a GIS analyst.

The skills required to be a GIS analyst is to have good collaboration and communication skills. Effective communication skills are important to present the task, cooperate with the officemates and work with stakeholders that have different backgrounds. The capability to present technical concept to untechnical people is very hard which make these skills very important and valuable. Other than that, a GIS analyst should have the problem-solving and analytical skills. GIS analysts usually face complex spatial problems that need them to have critical thinking and analytical skills. It is to solve problems, formulate hypotheses and create a methodology that suitable to analyse spatial which is very important. Next skills is to have the familiarity with remote sensing and image analyst. The concept of remote sensing and image processing is very important to work with satellite image or aerial photograph. The understanding of how to analyse ,and extract the information of remote sensing data is the important thing in GIS analyst life.

ii. Explain the importance of spatial analysis in real-world modelling.

Spatial analysis plays important role in real-world. It is because it includes the interpretation and understanding of relationships, patterns, and trends about geographic and spatial data. First and foremost, spatial analysis is very important in real-world because they have understanding in spatial patterns. Spatial analysis allows us to understand the pattern in the data that linked to the geographic location. By examining the patterns of spatial data, GIS analyst can identify the hotspots, clusters, and spatial relationship with different phenomena’s. This will make GIS analyst important because this kind of knowledge is very important to make decision and understand the system of real-world. Next, spatial analyst is important because 

iii. Why is GIS essential to help in decision-making on climate change forecasting

-Structure vector: point, line, polygon

-Overlay Method: erase, append, clip, merge, update 

-Vector Overlay:

: polygon & polygon: use two polygons

: line in polygon: use a polygon layer and another line layer.

: point in polygon: use polygon layer and another line point layer.

:sources-satellite image, orthophoto, airborne

: combine operation-neighbourhood analysis, local operation

:Z=height,elevation,magnitude,quantity,raindrops,water pressure

:type of data:(i)TIN-vector based_polygon

               (ii)DEM-raster based

      :datasources:surveyed points,LiDAR,GPS data

      :consists of nodes that stores height info that connect by edges to continuos form.

      :can be various in size

      :can convert DEM data

      :data type:mass point,breaklines,exclusion polygon

      :represent a regular array of elevation point

      :projection-WSGS

      :point based-converted to software specific raster data

-nodes and links

-involves:distance/speed limit/time/cost

-NETWORK:a system that connect linear features through which the mass/info is transported.

                    :road,railways,waterways

                    :utility-tranport & distribution og gas,electric ,water supply

                    :communication-telephones etc

                    :geocoding-address,loc,lot number(left poly/right poly)

-Root Mean Square Error,RMSE

-Mean Absolute Error,MRE

-Multiple and Linear Regression Equation

-Relationship Assesment(parameter)