One concept I learnt today was how to calculate genotype and allele frequency. I didn't know that genotypes could be study and predicted like this using mathematical models which was very interesting. Another concept that I learnt today was the sources of genetic variations which includes non-random mating (positive and negative assortative mating), inbreeding and outbreeding since before today's lesson all I knew was inbreeding.

1 concept you find challenging in today's class:

The 1 challenging concept will have to be the calculation for the Darwinian Fitness. Especially at the part where the equation is put together and I have to know which represents the scenario given. And at first it was very hard to interpret it and I really had to figure it myself for quite awhile before I could somehow get it. And the equations are also quite confusing because when placed together, they all look almost the same.

I learnt the population genetics formula as well as more formulas for genetic variation and heterozygosity and population size.

The concept i found challenging was the formulas as some of them had multiple datasets to follow and at times could be confusing.

Today I learnt about the different factors and processes which can result in genetic variation such as non-random mating, random genetic drift, selection, mutation and genetic migration.

I also learnt about heterozygosity and its relation to inbreeding. For instance, making use of observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity to calculate inbreeding coefficient.

Challenging concepts:

The concepts I found the most challenging in today's class was mostly the calculations and why the specific variables were used in the formulas. For instance, for the darwinian fitness, I struggled to understand why the denominator was the most reproductively successful phenotype instead of the total number of individuals. However, thanks to faci Shuba I was able to think figure out that conundrum.

The different types of selections like the directional selection, disruptive selection and artificial selection as well as how artificial selection is somewhat related to directional selection.

Another thing i learned from this lesson is the Darwinian Fitness and how it can help measure the relative reproductive success of an individual or allele within a population as well as how natural selection works and how genetic trait change/evolve over time.

1 concept you find challenging in today's class:

The concept I found most challenging was the calculations and understanding the formulas. They were quite confusing since it was difficult to find how the formula relates back to the context or how the context relates back to the formula. Especially the natural selection formulas, they all looked the same unless i really took the time to read each line and understand its context.

1. Heterozygosity. We learnt what heterozygosity is and how it is used in population genetics. How heterozygosity can show the structure and history of a population - high heterozygosity means a large amount of genetic variability while a low heterozygosity means that there is little genetic variability. We also learned how heterozygosity can be used to estimate how much inbreeding is occuring in a population.

2. We learnt about the 3 different types of selection and how to tell which is which using a graph. We also learnt about artificial selection and how it is conducted in agriculture/aquaculture.

The concept I felt was the most challenging for me was allele frequency. I can't really understand what the slides are trying to say and all the letters start to get confusing. After a while of pondering and staring at the formulas I could understand which letters correspond to what.