Spaceship 2060 continues its flight to the planets, this time to ______. Al Biruni  and his ______ were wondering all the flight about the nature of this _______. They have many questions on their minds: What does Mars look like? What does its surface look like? What do the ______ do? They were so excited to discover the _______ of gases surrounding the planet.

●      Mars is the 4th planet from the Earth.

●      It is more than 225 million kilometre from the Sun.

●      A day on Mars is 24.6 hours.

●      An evidence of a lake under its south polar ice cap was discovered in 2018.

●      Viking Landers was the first spacecraft to land on Mars in 1976.

Question 1: ______________________________________________________________________

Question 2: ______________________________________________________________________

Question 3: ______________________________________________________________________

Question 4: ______________________________________________________________________

Question 5: ______________________________________________________________________

The Egyptians were the first people to use a paste to clean their teeth around 5000 BC. But the first modern toothpaste was invented in 1824 by the dentist, Peabody. The first commercially produced toothpaste was sold in a jar in 1873.

Toothpastes mainly contain water, abrasives, including aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydrogen phosphates, calcium carbonate, silica, hydroxyapatite and fluoride.

(a)  sour and sharp to the taste
 (                    )

(b)  substances that react with acids to form salt  (                           )

(c)   orange, lemon, and grapefruit   (                        )

(d)  connected with buying and selling, and making a profit               (                       )

(e)   substances used for polishing or cleaning a hard surface.  (           )

Read this article about the neurons, the basic functional units of the nervous system that generate electrical signals. The signals transmit information over long distances. 

There are 3 basic functions of neurons:

The fight or flight response is an automatic physiological reaction to a physical danger, such as encountering a growling dog. The perception of threat activates the nervous system and prepares the body to fight or flee. This results in an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate. After the threat is gone, it takes between 20 to 60 minutes for the body to return to its pre-arousal levels.

Some people still feel the threat due to what is called phobia. A person who is terrified of heights might experience stress response if they have to go to the top floor of a skyscraper to attend a meeting. Their body might go on high alert, with their heartbeat and respiration rate increasing.

The information is taken from these resources:

https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-fight-or-flight-response-2795194

(b)  Explain what happens when you see a fire by referring to the 3 functions of neurons. ___________________________________________________________________________

     (c) What did you expect the article to be about when you read the title?

         ____________________________________________________________________________

 

Think: How is a calendar related to the succession of day and night?

Reflect: What do we use calendars for?

There are two main calendars used for indicating dates: a lunar calendar and a solar calendar. A lunar calendar is a calendar based on the monthly cycles of the Moon’s phases, whereas a solar calendar is based on the solar year, the time it takes the Earth to revolve once around the Sun. A solar year is about 365.25 days long, while a lunar month is about 29.53 days long.

Origins of the months’ names

January: Named for the Roman god Janus, protector of gates and doorways.

February: From the Latin word februa, “to cleanse.”

March: Named for the Roman god of war, Mars.

April: From the Latin word aperio, “to open (bud),” because plants begin to grow in this month.

May: From the Latin word maiores, “elders,” who were celebrated during this month.

June: From the Latin word juvenis, “young people.”

July: Named to honor Roman dictator Julius Caesar.

August: Named to honor the first Roman emperor Augustus Caesar.

September: From the Latin word septem, meaning “seven,” because it was the seventh month of the early Roman calendar.

October: Its name comes from octo, the Latin word for “eight.”

November: From the Latin word novem, “nine”

December: From the Latin word decem, “ten,”

(a) What do calendars indicate?

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(b) Lunar is related to the ----------------

  Solar is related to the  ------------

(c) where does the origin of this month come from?

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2. I will write a paragraph (100 words) about an Arab astronomer who was interested in the succession of day and night. (I will include the following information: his name, date of birth and death, where he lived and his achievements)