Nationality: Kyrgyzstani (s)

Ethnic groups that live in the country: Kyrgyz 73.8%, Uzbek 14.8%, Russian 5.1%, Dungan 1.1%, other 5.2% 

Languages spoken: major language is Kyrgyz 

Religions practiced: Muslim 90% (majority Sunni), Christian 7% (Russian Orthodox 3%), other 3%

Age structure (population pyramid) (Include a picture of the population pyramid and explain what factors have contributed to this age structure.): Over 45% of the population is under the age of 25.

Details and implications of each of the following: (Based on what you have learned in this class so far, explain what implications these details have for the population of the country in the next 50 years.)

Median age: The median age is 27.3 indicating, as the pyramid shows that a majority of their population is under 25. This indicates a lower life expectancy and a high fertility rate. 

Population growth rate: 0.86%, despite the birth rate being higher than the death rate Kyrgyzstan’s population is decreasing, primarily due to migration. 
Birth rate: 19.54 births/1000 population, this demonstrates how the economy and culture of Kyrgyzstan is shifting from an agrarian focused country towards industrialization. 
Death rate: 6.12 deaths/1000 population, their death rate is far below their birth rate which would indicate a population increase if immigration didn’t play a part. 
Total fertility rate: 2.5 children born/woman, this fertility rate is indicative of a country shifting more fully into industrialism, they are still ‘replacing’ the population but because of decreased infant mortality and increased GDP the fertility rate isn’t as high as in previous years.

55% of Kyrgyzstan’s land is used for agriculture, this is primarily because so much of the country is made up of high grasslands with easily accessible water sources. Agricultural practices also have a relatively low entry cost, and upon the dissolution of the Soviet Union Kyrgyzstan would have lost a lot of economic and financial support making agriculture an appealing and accessible source of income. 

17% of Kyrgyzstan’s population is food insecure as of October 2022, the driving reason behind the insecurity is financial complications. Individuals can’t afford goods due to low income or increased product prices. 

title of article with a link to the article: https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2023/2/27/will-chinas-latest-investment-in-afghanistan-actually-work
the source of the article: Will China’s latest investment in Afghanistan actually work?
who the article is about: People who live in Afghanistan
the main important facts from your article:Afghanistan has significant potential for oil and gas, Jumrainy said. “Afghanistan was among the major exporters via Turkmenistan to the Soviet Union. However, there hasn’t been sufficient exploration in the last few decades which requires billions in investment,” he said.

when the event took place: Feb 27, 2023

where the event occurred: China and Afghanistan

the main geographic factors involved in the event: Afghanistan has significant potential for oil and gas because of the location. 

・Most of Afghanistan lies between 2,000 and 10,000 feet (600 and 3,000 metres) in elevation. Along the Amu Darya in the north and the delta of the Helmand River in the southwest, the elevation is about 2,000 feet (600 metres).

・Afghanistan does sit atop huge deposits of copper, iron, marble, talc, coal, lithium, chromite, cobalt, gold, lapis lazuli, gemstones, and more—making Afghanistan one of the world's most resource-rich countries on paper.

・As of 2021, the total population of Afghanistan is around 37,466,414, which includes the 3 million Afghan nationals living in both Pakistan and Iran. About 26% of the population is urbanite and the remaining 74% lives in rural areas.

・Afghanistan is highly prone to intense and recurring natural hazards such as flooding, earthquakes, snow avalanches, landslides and droughts due to its geographical location and years of environmental degradation.

・Most of Afghanistan lies between 2,000 and 10,000 feet (600 and 3,000 metres) in elevation. Along the Amu Darya in the north and the delta of the Helmand River in the southwest, the elevation is about 2,000 feet (600 metres).

・Afghanistan does sit atop huge deposits of copper, iron, marble, talc, coal, lithium, chromite, cobalt, gold, lapis lazuli, gemstones, and more—making Afghanistan one of the world's most resource-rich countries on paper.

・As of 2021, the total population of Afghanistan is around 37,466,414, which includes the 3 million Afghan nationals living in both Pakistan and Iran. About 26% of the population is urbanite and the remaining 74% lives in rural areas.

・Afghanistan is highly prone to intense and recurring natural hazards such as flooding, earthquakes, snow avalanches, landslides and droughts due to its geographical location and years of environmental degradation.

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Government type:  Mongolia has different types of government: Republic, Unitary state, Parliamentary republic, Semi-Presidential system. Unitary state is a sovereign state governed as a single entity, the central government is the supreme authority. Parliamentary republic is when it operates under a parliamentary system of government where the executive branch derives its legitimacy from the legislature. The last one is the Semi-Presidential system which is a republic and that is when a President exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet. Semi-Presidential is the main thing that Mongolia goes by. 

Capital city of the country: Ulaanbaatar

Independence/dependence on other countries: Mongolia got its independence approved from China. 

Legal system: Mongolia's legal system belongs to continental legal family. Mongolian law originated from the Romano-Germanic or continental, legal system . Their laws are made by the legislature, the State Great Khural (Parliament”). Their legal law is tied to the dissolution of a massive empire and its replacement by an independent, modern nation-state. They have three stages , the first one is that the Great Mongol state was formed and conquered vast territories under Great Zasag Law. Second stage is the integration of such laws as the Mongolian-Oirat Laws, Khalkh Juram law paper, the ministry or statehood Affairs legal document. The final stage is the period of the formation and development of the modern system. 

Transition of power: in Mongolia, how a leader is chosen is that unlike the president, the prime minister is chosen by the party with the majority of seats in the State Great Khural. The prime minister leads a major political party and generally commands the majority in the State Great Khural. The President has political parties with representation in the State Great Khural nominate candidates. The President originally had two four- year terms but has been changed to six-year terms. 

National anthem: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fs66Jb378wc

Military and security forces: Mongolia has five branches of military: Mongolian Ground Force, Mongolian Air Force, Construction and Engineering forces, Cyber security, and Special forces. How they train their military forces is they practice horsemanship, archery, and unit tactics formations and rotations. How they recruit soldiers is that their military was made up of non-mongols but they also recruited from cities and kingdoms that came under the same power. They have been in South Sudan, Chad, Georgia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Congo, Western Sahara, Sudan Iraq, Afghanistan, and Sierra Leone. 

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Total population: 3.348 million 

Nationality: Mongolian is the main, Turkic, Tugusic, others: Chinese and Russian. 

Ethnic groups that live there: Khalkas are the largest groups

Language: Mongolian which is spoken by 94% of the population. 

Age structure: contributes: fertility, mortality, and international migration trends

Median age: 28 

Population growth rate: 1.6% annual change 

Birth rate: 2.90 births per woman 

Death rate: 5.5 per 1,000 people 

Total fertility rate: 2.90 births per woman

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COUNTRY INFORMATION: MONGOLIA 

flag: 

Location: 

Major cities: 

Land: 

Climates: 

Terrain: 

Elevation: 

Natural Resources:

Population distribution: 

Hazards: 

I onto added the current event but I will add the country specific information 

They're GDP is $32.221 billion in 2021, placing them in 137th place relative to the rest of the world.

Kyrgyzstan's primary industries are small machinery, textiles, food processing, and lumber with most of the population employed in the service industry.

20.1% of the population was living below the poverty line in 2019. 

What disputes is this country having with other countries? Regionally? Internationally?
➔It`s not a country, but Al-Qaeda whcih is international terrorist organization based in Iraq has been having a disute in this region.

Are people emigrating or immigrating to this country? Why?
➔Both. Some people from other countries such as Tajikistan and Pakistan immigrate to Afghanistan.

・Most of Afghanistan lies between 2,000 and 10,000 feet (600 and 3,000 metres) in elevation. Along the Amu Darya in the north and the delta of the Helmand River in the southwest, the elevation is about 2,000 feet (600 metres).

・Afghanistan does sit atop huge deposits of copper, iron, marble, talc, coal, lithium, chromite, cobalt, gold, lapis lazuli, gemstones, and more—making Afghanistan one of the world's most resource-rich countries on paper.

・As of 2021, the total population of Afghanistan is around 37,466,414, which includes the 3 million Afghan nationals living in both Pakistan and Iran. About 26% of the population is urbanite and the remaining 74% lives in rural areas.

・Afghanistan is highly prone to intense and recurring natural hazards such as flooding, earthquakes, snow avalanches, landslides and droughts due to its geographical location and years of environmental degradation.

GDP of the country (How does this compare with other countries in the region?)
➔368.75 USD

Major industries in the country (List the major industries that exist and how they take advantage of the natural resources that exist in the country.)
➔Opium

Percentage of the population living below the poverty line
➔97%

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Title of the article is “Mongolians celebrate and fear for an 8-year old boy as the Dalai Lama named him their next spiritual leader” from Global Voices. The article is about a 8 year old that becomes the next spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists in Mongolia. 600 people attended a special ceremony in a temple located in Dharamsala, India where the 8 year old boy the 10th Khalkha Jetsun Dhampa Rinpoche. Chinese government views the Dalai Lama as a separatist and seeks to control Tibet’s population via its own appointed religious leaders. The event took place in India and it took place on April 4, 2023

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What are the main issues the country is facing?

What disputes is this country having with other countries? Regionally? Internationally?

Are people emigrating or immigrating to this country? Why?

Yes I added it to padlet

The title of the article that I chose is called “Squeezed between China and Russia, Mongolia’s herders feel pinch”. The source of the article is from Aljazeera and the article is about Mongolia, China and Russia. The main imported facts from this article is Mongolia’s herders cannot produce flour and rice because the prices of them soared due to the war in Ukraine with inflation going to 14.5 percent. Also the price of coal has jumped to 40 percent. In the article it says “While exports to China have declined in recent months as Mongolia’s economy slows under strict COVID-19 curbs, gasoline prices have risen as much as 65 percent since Russia launched its war in Ukraine in February.” That is a big increase in percent since the war happened which doesn’t help anyone in Mongolia. The event took place December 14 2022 and the event happened in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. It was so surprising to read about how much the prices of certain things have gone up because of the war or after Covid 19. 

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The current environmental issues in Mongolia are that they are facing multiple threats which are mining and infrastructure development, overgrazing, fossil fuel exploitation, desertification, and climate change. How specifically climate change affects the people of Mongolia is that it is affecting their animals because of all the greenhouse emissions. It is not helping their environments due to how much they have. 

Land share use in Mongolia is that the people in Mongolia use their ,and as pastures comprise the world’s largest contiguous area of common grazing land. Mongolia land use type classes by the land cover classification: 81.2 % rural land, 5.1 % urban land, 8.2 % forest land and shrubland, 1.4 % surface water and then 4.1 % is unused. 

The food situation in Mongolia is that over 35% of the population is suffering from malnutrition, food scarcity which is an ongoing problem but they have organizations that are working to help reduce hunger in Mongolia. Over 65 % of households suffer from food insecurity which means that a lot of Mongolian families lack access to food and other essential things. In some certain areas in Mongolia, food insecurity is larger than most. In Khangai this region in central Mongolia is reported to have 80% of households not having access to proper food. 

The title of this article is Moment Mine Collapses in China’s Inner Mongolia Region and the source of the article is from the guardian. The article is about China’s mine collapsing in Mongolia’s region. The main important facts from this article is that the mine collapse killed at least five people and injured six others. Almost 50 people were missing after miners and trucks all wore to be swallowed up at the mine. There were efforts made to evacuate, to place debris about 80 meters high. The main geographic factors involved in this event is that the mine was destroyed. 

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An economic overview of the country: Mongolias economic growth is projected to rise slightly but remain modest at 2.4 percent in 2022 with the rise mainly driven by the removal of COVID-19

GDP of the country: 15.29 billion

Major industries in the country: herding and agriculture, has transformed into an economy focused more on extractive industries, spurred on by significant investment in Mongolia by foreign enterprises. 

Percentage of the population living below the poverty line: 38.30%