Philosophy and Development of Education in Malaysia by MAZIAH MOHAMED NASIR IPG-Pensyarah

E-learning Topic 1: Basic Concepts of Philosophy, Branches of Philosophy, Sources of Knowledge and The Concepts of Philosophy of Education • Basic concepts of philosophy

ipgm4257 — 2025-08-26 01:41:47 UTC

WEEK 2: 1 HOUR (GROUP ACTIVITY )

Case Study Discussion:

Imagine you are a teacher preparing a lesson about climate change.
Which sources of knowledge would you use to ensure the content is accurate and reliable?
Justify your choice in 3-4 sentences

E-learning Topic 1: Basic Concepts of Philosophy, Branches of Philosophy, Sources of Knowledge and The Concepts of Philosophy of Education • Basic concepts of philosophy

ipgm4257 — 2025-08-26 01:47:04 UTC

WEEK 1: 1 HOUR (INDIVIDUAL )

Explain how philosophical schools can influence the education system in a country? Give appropriate examples to support your argument.

Answer The Question

ipgm4257 — 2025-08-26 04:11:23 UTC

1.Define Em pirical Knowledge

and give one exam ple in daily

life.

2.State two d ifferences between

Rational Knowledge and

I ntuitive Knowledge.

Give one advantage and one

d isadvantage of relying on

Authoritative Knowledge.

Answer

bellamaolan — 2025-08-26 04:18:28 UTC

1. Empirical Knowledge is an information gained through direct observation, experience, or sensory perception rather than through theoretical reasoning or abstract thought.

2. Rational knowledge stems from logic, reason, and systematic analysis of facts and data, while intuitive knowledge arises from unconscious processing, gut feelings, and immediate insights rather than conscious reasoning or evidence.

3. Advantage of relying on authoritative knowledge is structure learning. Meanwhile the disadvantage is lact of context.

Answer

HarithAssmar — 2025-08-26 04:21:45 UTC

Empirical knowledge is knowledge that is gained through experienced , observation and experimentation. For example , knowing that ice is cold by touching it.
Rational knowledge uses logical step by step reasoning whereas Intuitive knowledge comes instantly without conscious reasoing. Other than that Rational knowledge can be explained and proven logically but Intuitive knowledge are based on inner thoughts that are hard to prove.
Advantage of Authoritive knowledge is we can learn things we couldn't discover ourselves and the disadvantage is the authority might be wrong and can lead to misinformation.

Answer

izzinsyira — 2025-08-26 04:24:18 UTC

1. Empirical knowledge is about the knowledge that we gain through experience, observation or experiment. You are learning from the experience you went through yourself instead of just listening from others. For an example, we know from others that fire is hot, but the only way for we to know how hot it is actually, is to feel the experience from observation.

2. Rational knowledge is based on reasoning and logic while intuitive knowledge is based on feelings and instincts. While rational knowledge is solely comes from thinking, analyzing and using evidence to proof something, intuitive knowledge does not always have to follow reasoning or evidence. For example, in rational knowledge it is logical that all humans need water to live, so without water, humans will die. For intuitive knowledge, the example is when you have a gut feeling of someone is lying.

3. Authoritative knowledge is about the knowledge that we accept because it comes from experts, leaders or any other trusted sources. One of the advantage is that it allows you to save times and effort because you're already following a lead instead of searching for the information yourself. On the other hand, one of the disadvantage is that there is a risk of blindly following authority where the information is considered incorrect like the saying the blind leading the blind.

Answer

nathaliamabelw — 2025-08-26 04:24:48 UTC

1. Emperical knowledge is an understanding gained through direct experience, observation, and much more rather than from theory or logic alone.

2. Rational knowledge involved logical and systematic reasoning while intuitive knowledge operates at subconscious level and are often involving feelings ( " Gut feelings"). Other than that, rational knowledge relies heavily on facts, data, and verifiable evidence while intuitive knowledge relies on memory, pattern recognition, and tacit knowledge gained over time.

3. Advantage: Preservation of knowledge in which knowledge is passed down and practices across generations within a culture or field.

Disadvantage: Limited creativity in which individuals may feel discouraged from contributing their own creative solutions and ideas which may be better than the initial idea.

Answers:

koalahazel — 2025-08-26 04:25:03 UTC

1) Empirical knowledge is information, understanding, or evidence gained through direct sensory experience, observation, or experimentation, rather than through innate ideas, intuition, or pure deduction.

one example in daily life is learning to cook by tasting and adjusting the ingredients.

2) The difference between rational knowledge and intuitive knowledge is rational knowledge is based on conscious reasoning while intuitive knowledge is based on unconscious reasoning. Secondly, rational knowledge is based on logic and facts while intuitive knowledge is based on feelings and past experiences.

3) One advantage of relaying on authoritative knowledge is it promotes efficiency by providing expert information, credibility by lending weight to your own arguments, and clarity by presenting organized and validated data from a trusted source.

one disadvantage of relaying on authoritative knowledge is it can lead to limited critical thinking because depending on authority alone may discourage individuals from critically evaluating information, leading to a passive acceptance of knowledge without questioning its validity or accuracy.

Answers:

2025-08-26 04:27:05 UTC

The definition of Empirical knowledge is a knowledge gained through observation, experience or either experiment. It is the kind of knowledge that we gain from what we can see, hear, touch or measure.
Rational knowledge is based on our logical and facts while intuitive knowledge is based on immediate understanding. Another difference is rational knowledge takes time to analyse and summarise while intuitive knowledge happen instantly.
The advantage of relying on Authoritative Knowledge is we can saves time because there are lots of source of internet that we can gain from. The disadvantage of relying on Authoritative Knowledge is people may use it in a wrong way such as they only depended on what they search and found that can lead to confusion about what is actually true.

ANSWER

aimanofficialchannelwebsite — 2025-08-26 04:27:21 UTC

1) Empirical knowledge is information gained through sensory experience, observation and experimentation. For example, we can find out whether the food has cooked or not by tasting it.

2) Rational knowledge relies on reasoning and logic while intuitive knowledge aries without conscious. Rational knowledge includes systematic analysis of facts and data while intuitive knowledge arises spontaneous and often create more creative solution.

3) Advantage of relying on authoritative knowledge is more trusted by academic community and researchers. Disadvantage of relying on authoritative knowledge is tendency to avoid critical thinking and less innovative.

ANSWER THE QUESTION

cryshaleajoyalbert — 2025-08-26 04:27:34 UTC

1. Empirical knowledge is knowledge gained from sensory experiences . For example , observing and experimentation . Like during science class , when teacher teaches us how to use the apparatus during experiments , we observe how the teachers handle the apparatus .

2.Rational knowledge is knowledge that grounded in reason and logic , while intuitive knowledge is the immediate understanding of something without conscious reasoning , facts or proof.. Rational knowledge is built on evidence , data or credible sources while intuitive knowledge is based on past experiences , unconscious memories or pattern recognition .

3.The advantages of authoritative knowledge is , precise decision making and clear direction while working . However , the disadvantages of authoritative knowledge is there might be a error in teamwork as they blindly following authority rather than critical thinking , and there also be limited scope for creativity .

nurbalqisbadu06 — 2025-08-26 04:27:43 UTC

Empirical knowledge is knowledge that comes from direct observation, experience, or experimentation, rather than from theory, logic, or pure reasoning.

Example: Knowing that chilies taste spicy as I ate it before

Source :

Rational knowledge comes from reasoning, logic, and analysis. Meanwhile Intuitive knowledge comes from a gut feeling, instinct, or immediate awareness without step-by-step reasoning.

Process:

Rational knowledge requires conscious thinking and evidence (e.g., solving a math problem, analyzing pros and cons). Meanwhile Intuitive knowledge is immediate and unconscious (e.g., sensing someone is upset without them saying anything).

Advantage is that it saves time and effort because you can rely on the expertise of trusted authorities like teachers.

Disadvantage is that there is a risk of blindly accepting wrong or biased information if the authority is mistaken or not truly reliable.

Answers

2025-08-26 04:27:46 UTC

1. Empirical knowledge in philosophy is knowledge gained from experience rather than from innate ideas or deductive reasoning. For example, science, research or observation. For instance, it's cold outside

2. - Rational is a conscious process. It involves systematic steps, making sense of things through logic. While intuitive knowledge is an unconscious and automatic process, often described as a "gut feeling".

2. - Rational knowledge is grounded in evidence, facts, data, and logical analysis. While intuitive knowledge stems from patterns recognized at a subconscious level, often drawing from prior experience

3. An advantage of authoritative knowledge is enable quick and efficient decision making while the disadvantage is the risk of making poor decisions if the authoritative figure lacks of experience

My answer:

nureen0506 — 2025-08-26 04:27:47 UTC

Empirical knowledge is a knowledge gained from experience rather than from innate ideas or deductive reasoning.
Example: Learning how to cook rice. Learning how much water is enough to cook a perfect rice by observing the result after it done cooking.
-Rational knowledge is based on logic and rely on cognitive biases while intuitive knowledge rely on feelings, or instinct.
-Rational knowledge can be easily explained whereas intuitive knowledge is often hard to explained with clear reason.
Advantage of relying on:
-quick and decisive desicion making while avoiding any misinformation and bias.
Disadvantage of relying on:
-old discoveries is considered to be unvalid not reliable which makes the information is outdated.

Answer the question

jezrapatrick45 — 2025-08-26 04:27:54 UTC

1. Empirical knowledge is the knowledge we gain from experience, for example we can gain knowledge from practicing basketball everyday.
2. Rational knowledge is the idea behind logical thinking from our brain with reasonable thinking. While, intuitive thinking is the gut feeling from our heart to know about something unconsciously.
3. Advantage of authoritative knowledge is that we can get an original source about an idea that needs a reliable source of knowledge, while the disadvantage is that we can be narrow-minded about a particular subject if that is the only source of knowledge we feast upon.

mtjhbg76p9 — 2025-08-26 04:28:47 UTC

Epem edu3093

1. Emperical knowledge are information that was gained through observation ,experimentation and sense experience.(sight, sound, touch,taste and smell). For example, i know that there is a rainbow after rain because i observed and experienced it

2. Intuitive knowledge involve unconscious thinking while rational knowledge involve conscious thinking. Next, intuitive knowledge is difficult to articulate while rational knowledge is easy to be explained and justified.

3. The advantage of relying on authoritive knowledge is incredible efficiency and utility while the disadvantage is potential error where honest mistake and outdated information occur. This knowledge will become most powerful with critical mindset who are trusting but verifying the authenticity of the source and understanding the evidence behind their claims.

— Irdina Zahra Binti Mohammad TESL4

Answers

nuramirahsyuhadah788 — 2025-08-26 04:28:49 UTC

1. Empirical knowledge defined as information gained through sensory experience, observation, and experimentation, rather than from abstract reasoning or innate ideas.

2. Rational Knowledge:-

Source: Reason, logic, and evidence.

Characteristics: Objective and systematic.

Intuitive Knowledge:-

Basis: Instinct, direct insight and perception.

Characteristics: Subjective and personal.

3. Authoritative knowledge:-

- Advantage: Provide efficiency because instead of researching everything yourself, you can rely on experts

- Disadvantage: It limits critical thinking because over-reliance discourages individuals from reasoning independently.

answer

syafienashafiee1204 — 2025-08-26 04:29:54 UTC

1. Empirical knowledge is knowledge gained through observation and experience through senses. One example in daily life is we know the rain makes us wet.

2. The differences between rational knowledge and intuitive knowledge are rational knowledge is based on reasoning and logical thinking while intuitive knowledge is based on instinct and immediate understanding without reasoning. Other than that, rational knowledge needs proof and explanation while intuitive knowledge does not need proof. Only inner feelings.

3. The advantage of authoritative knowledge is it provides quick and reliable guidance because it comes from experts. While the disadvantage is it limit critical thinking since we depend too much on authority.

Answer

nurfarishamohdfairus — 2025-08-26 04:29:55 UTC

Empirical knowledge is knowledge that is gained through sensory experience or observation. It is a type of knowledge whose justification or verification depends on experience or experimental evidence rather than innate ideas or pure reason.
Eg: when it is cold outside, wearing a jacket keeps one warm. This knowledge is gained from repeated sensory experiences of temperature and body comfort, rather than from theoretical reasoning alone
Two differences is the
- source
Rational Knowledge arises from reasoning, inference, and deduction based on general principles or common notions. While Intuitive Knowledge is seen as direct and immediate understanding or insight that does not depend on inference or reasoning.
- content. Rational Knowledge typically deals with general truths, common notions, or shared properties of things. While Intuitive Knowledge involves knowing the particular, It is characterized by spontaneous insights, a deep understanding or sense that emerges suddenly.
Authoritative knowledge
- Advantage- provides a clear and trustworthy source of information or guidance, especially when the authority is knowledgeable or experienced.
  - Disadvandtage - may result in accepting false or biased claims if the authority is mistaken, biased, or acting with self-interest.

Answers

aliahusna054 — 2025-08-26 04:30:16 UTC

3. An advantage of authoritative knowledge is enable quick and efficient decision making while the disadvantage is the risk of making poor decisions if the authoritative figure lacks of experience

Answer the question

insyrhhh27 — 2025-08-26 04:30:17 UTC

What is empirical knowledge and give one example in daily life .

Empirical knowledge also known as sense experience is the knowledge or source of knowledge acquired by the means of senses, particularly by observation and experimentation. One of the examples in daily life is while we are cooking and baking. You have learned that adding too much salt in your food makes the food taste bad, or baking a cake for too long makes it dry by tasting and observing the results of your actions.

State two differences between rational knowledge and intuitive knowledge.

Rational knowledge derived from conscious reasoning, logic and evidence while intuitive knowledge arises from unconscious thinking and pattern recognition which often based on accumulated experiences
Rational knowledge involves analysing information logically and making decisions based on facts and reason while intuitive knowledge occurs spontaneously without conscious reasoning, and is like ‘ gut feeling’ or a deep insight.

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of relying on Authoritative Knowledge.

One advantage of relying on authoritative knowledge is it can reduce misinformation. By relying on credible sources, authoritative knowledge helps to avoid inaccurate or biased information
One disadvantage of relying on authoritative knowledge is lack of critical evaluation which a reliance on authority can discourage critical thinking and independent verification, leading to the acceptance of incorrect information without proper scrutiny.

dellychelyn — 2025-08-26 04:30:44 UTC

1.Empirical knowledge is information gained through sensory experience, direct observation, and experimentation.

Example in daily life : One day, you see a red, glowing burner. Out of curiosity, you reach out and touch it.

2.Rational knowledge is suitable for situations with known facts, while intuition helps navigate the unknown and complex unknown consequences. Rational knowledge uses logic, data, and analysis; intuitive knowledge relies on feelings, impressions, and instinct.

Advantages of relying on authoritative knowledge is provide quick access to vast bodies of knowledge, saving time and effort compared to individual research. Disadvantages of reliance on authoritative can reduce creativity, critical thinking, and the exploration of new ideas among followers.

Answer

nazrulshahfiq63 — 2025-08-26 04:30:48 UTC

Empirical knowledge is what we gain from directly observing things or feelings. The example is we know chilli is spicy as we taste it.

Rational Knowledge comes from logical thinking whereas Intuitive Knowledge is a hunch.

Authoritative Knowledge allows you to discover a lot of things at once based on trusting experts instead of attempting to figure out everything on your own but the expert can be wrong and if you just believe what they say without critiquing it, you might end up with false information

2025-08-26 04:31:48 UTC

1. Empirical knowledge is a knowledge that we gain through experience in life or by watching around the surrounding. This is because human brain is learn more with hands on rather than just reading the theory alone. For example, we will feel pain by touching a sharp things.

2. - Rational knowledge often takes time to be understood because it took so many step to reason something while intuitive knowledge is a immediate instinct where you can just feel it subconsciously that it is right.

- Rational knowledge also need an evidence on proving something while intuitive is something from your own thought that your heart is telling the right things

3. Advantages : It is easier for future refrence since authoritative knowledge were recognised by many experts.

Disadvatages : The simpler way to put it is like using AI in our life especially when doing assignment, it reduces critical thinking on a person since they do not have to think from the root

ANSWER

2025-08-27 02:16:03 UTC

Empirical knowledge is knowledge we gain through our senses or direct experience. For instance, you know ice is cold because you’ve touched it.
i)Rational knowledge comes from reasoning, analysis, and logical thinking, while intuitive knowledge comes instantly, without conscious reasoning.
ii) Rational knowledge requires evidence and step-by-step thought, whereas intuitive knowledge is immediate and often based on feelings or instincts.
The advantage is it saves time, like trusting a teacher’s shortcut in math.
The disadvantage is it may stop you from testing things yourself, like not planting a flower just because an expert said it won’t grow.

Answer

nralesyah10 — 2025-08-27 14:11:01 UTC

Empirical knowledge is the product of experience; It is acquired when the sense organs establish contact with the external world. This type of knowledge has allowed humanity to accumulate valuable and diverse backgrounds throughout its history. For example, fire is hot because we can feel the heat when standing near it.

Rational knowledge is the kind of knowledge we gain through reasoning, logic, and intellectual analysis and it’s often called a priori knowledge, meaning it can be justified without direct experience while Intuitive knowledge is a knowledge that appears to be based on subjective judgment or gut feeling rather than on specific learning and it probably based on nonconsciously recalled information.

The advantage of authoritative knowledge is persuasive because it feels rational, people accept it because it is validated and reinforced, but because they are actively engaged in its production and reproduction, whether consciously or not. Next, the disadvantage is incorrect Information can lead the authority's knowledge to be flawed, insufficient, or simply wrong.

Answer The Question

ipgm4257 — 2025-09-01 00:53:38 UTC

1.Define Em pirical Knowledge

and give one exam ple in daily

life.

2.State two d ifferences between

Rational Knowledge and

I ntuitive Knowledge.

Give one advantage and one

d isadvantage of relying on

Authoritative Knowledge.

Group Insyirah, Amanda and Arabella

bellamaolan — 2025-09-02 02:45:06 UTC

E-learning:

koalahazel — 2025-09-09 01:42:16 UTC

To make sure my lesson on climate change is correct, I would use trusted sources like the IPCC, NASA, and scientists' research. These groups study the environment carefully and check their facts. Their information is updated and based on real evidence. This helps me teach students the truth about climate change in a clear and honest way.

E-Learning Topic 3:Educational Development in Malaysia

ipgm4257 — 2025-10-23 03:34:28 UTC

Individual Assignment:

This activity lasts for 2 hours.

Create an infographic related to the evolution of educational development in Malaysia

E-Learning Topic 4:Philosophy of Education in Malaysia

ipgm4257 — 2025-10-23 03:37:02 UTC

Group Activity: Prepare 1 infographic related to the implications of FPK and FPG on the education system in Malaysia.

E-Learning Topic 5: Curriculum in Education

ipgm4257 — 2025-10-23 03:40:55 UTC

E-Learning (2 Individual Hours)

Based on the latest curriculum, analyze your understanding of the concepts and types of curriculum