https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r en-us 2022-01-26 19:09:25 UTC 2022-03-07 19:22:18 UTC hello@padlet.com kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2014387296 After the American revolution in 1783,  The U.S acquired a large amount of land that  stretched from the Appalachian mountains, to the Mississippi river, to Canada to spanish to Florida; Received From Great britain. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), gaining independence from the British, establishing the constitution and the United States of America, forming a constitutional republic, that paved a way for the civil war since they gained independence from britain. But that was only the starting point for that war. For the next twenty years no new land was added. But from 1803 to 1853 america acquired seven new territories through negotiations and war. This era of expansion lead early americans to believe it was their "manifest destiny" to expand. ]]> 2022-01-26 19:35:17 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2014387296 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2014433792 This era 1845, Manifest Destiny. "manifest destiny" is most often associated with the territorial expansion of the United States from 1812 to 1867. Most Americans from this timeline believed it was their RIGHT to expand in "unsettled or unclaimed" territories. And that it was justified because it was their destiny. There was many motivations for americans to move to the west, From rapid birth rate, to two economic depressions, religious reasons and beliefs, as well as searches of new land with new opportunities. The settlers also brought their beliefs with them, and with that slavery followed. The estimates based on this new approach suggest that the increase in output per enslaved worker was responsible for roughly a fifth of the growth in commodity output per capita for the United States as a whole between 1839 and 1859—between 18.7 percent and 24.3 percent. Which grew the U.S. The impacts of manifest destiny were great for the Americans but tragic for the original and rightful people of the land. Despite the idealism of Manifest Destiny, the rapid territorial expansion over the first half of the 19th century resulted not only in war with Mexico, but in the dislocation and brutal mistreatment of Native American , Hispanic and other non-European occupants of the territories now being occupied by the United States. U.S. expansion also fueled the growing debate over slavery, by raising the pressing question of whether new states being admitted to the Union would allow slavery or not. This was a conflict that would eventually lead to the civil war. 

]]> 2022-01-26 19:59:16 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2014433792 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2016686424 The Louisiana Purchase was a land purchase made by United States president, Thomas Jefferson, in 1803. He bought the Louisiana territory from France, which was being led by Napoleon Bonaparte at the time, for 15,000,000 USD. Napoleon Bonaparte sold the land because he needed money for the Great French War. The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States and greatly strengthened the country materially and strategically. It provided more westward expansion, and confirmed the doctrine of implied powers of the federal Constitution. As a result of this treaty, the nation doubled in size, adding territory that would become the states of Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and parts of Minnesota, New Mexico, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado. The vote was 24 to 7.  This purchase caused The federal government became stronger because presidents can now buy land, more land for farming and other goods, and The Port of New Orleans was now under U.S. control and allowed more freedom for trade.]]> 2022-01-27 19:50:28 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2016686424 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2022124605 Before the Corps of discovery President Jefferson sent Lewis to Philadelphia to study botany, map making, and medicine with some major scientists of the 18th century. The Corps of Discovery was a specially-established unit of the United States Army which formed the nucleus of the Lewis and Clark Expedition that took place between May 1804 and September 1806. The Corps was led jointly by Captain Meriwether Lewis and Second Lieutenant William Clark. The goals of the Corps of Discovery, whose cadre would be raised primarily from the U.S. military, was to explore the Louisiana Purchase, and establish trade and U.S. sovereignty over the native peoples along the Missouri River.  Lewis and Clark set up Camp Dubois near the east bank of the Mississippi River, where they trained volunteers and stocked up on supplies by October 1803.  On May 14, 1804, the Corps of Volunteers for North West Discovery, which included Lewis and Clark with four dozen more men. President Jefferson wanted to map the territory across the western lands of North America and create friendly trade with the natives. As well as establish relationships with native tribes and search for a water way to connect to the Pacific. He then so elected Meriwether Lewis with a task to search the land. Lewis brought William Clark along the expedition across the western lands and they led the U.S. Corps of Discovery.  They began up the Missouri River in a 55-foot-long keelboat along with two smaller boats. As they traveled, Clark spent much of his time making maps and charting the course, while Lewis studied the region’s land (soil,  plants, rocks, and animals.) The Corps of Discovery arrived near the Hidatsa villages. They settled near a Mandan village, where Lewis and Clark built  Fort Mandan for wintering over in 1804–05. They interviewed several trappers who might be able to interpret or guide the expedition up the Missouri River in the springtime.  Knowing they would need the help of Shoshone tribes  who lived at the headwaters of the Missouri, they agreed to  hire Toussaint Charbonneau after learning  that his wife, Sacagawea, spoke Shoshone.  woman Sacagawea (c. 1788 – 1812) accompanied the Lewis and Clark Corps of Discovery expedition in 1805-06. Her interpretation wasn't useful. The expedition opened up new territory for the fur and lumber trade and pointed out the best lands for future settlement and agriculture. It allowed a young country to blossom into greatness, because more land had equated to more resources and therefore, more power. The influence of the expedition is incalculable.  The results and accomplishments of the Lewis and Clark expedition were extensive. It altered the imperial struggle for the control of North America, particularity in the Pacific northwest, by strengthening the U.S. claim to the areas now including the states of Oregon and Washington

]]> 2022-01-31 19:40:05 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2022124605 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2043064536 Thomas Jefferson was elected as the third president of the united states. Hamilton advocated Jefferson over Burr, and he convinced 7 Federalists to switch their support to Jefferson. Jefferson gained the favorable result of the 36th ballot. Jefferson became the 2nd incumbent vice president to be elected as president. Thomas was of the Democratic-Republican party. The Democratic-Republicans party began to form. Jefferson gradually deduce governorship of Republicans, which sympathized with the revolutionary cause in France. Jefferson stabilized the U.S. economy and defeated marauders from North Africa during the Barbary War. He was responsible for doubling the size of the United States by successfully brokering the Louisiana Purchase. He also founded the University of Virginia. He went onto double the size of the U.S and his presidency led this country to grow.  ]]> 2022-02-11 19:31:02 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2043064536 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2043067522 The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution, which arose from growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North  American colonies and the colonial government. This event caused the Civil War, it was what let America free from Britain and let it create a country.The American Revolution was the insurrection fought between 1775 and 1783 through which 13 of Great Britain's North American colonies threw off British rule to establish the sovereign United States of America, founded with the Declaration of Independence in 1776. The Colonists wanted independence from Great Britain because the king created unreasonable taxes, those taxes were created because Britain just fought the French and Natives. The Colonists felt that they didn't have say in the British Parliament, so they began to rebel, among other things that led them to that decision; like the seven year conflict, Taxes and Duties,Boston Massacre (1770), Boston Tea Party (1773), Intolerable Acts (1774), and King George III's Speech to Parliament (1775).  After French assistance helped the Continental Army force the British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781, the Americans had effectively won their independence, though the fighting would not really end until 1783. The American Revolution was a successful revolt of the colonies and their home country in a fight for their independence. It was successful, because the new independent country now known as the United States of America was formed. ]]> 2022-02-11 19:32:56 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2043067522 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2043085790 Three-fifths compromise was an agreement between delegates from the Northern and the Southern states at the United States Constitutional Convention in 1787 that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.  Slave States gained additional congressional representation. The Southern states wanted to count the entire slave population. This would increase their number of members of Congress. The Northern delegates and others opposed to slavery wanted to count only free persons, including free black people in the North and South. The North got what they wanted in additional taxation on the Southern states. The Southern states also got what they wanted in additional representation in the House of Representatives. By including three-fifths of slaves who had no voting rights in the legislative apportionment. This benefitted Southern states to include enslaved people in their population counts, as that calculation would give them more seats in the House of Representatives and thus more political power. Every five slaves in a state would count as three free people for the purposes of determining how many congresspeople a state would be allotted. The three-fifths compromise has since been superseded by the Fourteenth Amendment. The three-fifths compromise solved the problem over how to count slaves when determining a state's population for taxation and representation purposes.  While the three-fifths compromise brought all of the states on board to ratify the Constitution, regional differences and continuing debates over slavery, representation, and laws it ultimately caused a bloody civil war.]]> 2022-02-11 19:45:27 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2043085790 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2043087697 Before this, Great Britain gave up the Northwest Territory in 1783 which officially left the area to the United States at the end of the American Revolutionary War, they left nearly three months after the Treaty of Paris was signed. This was formed from unorganized western territory of the United States. This was what set out the process for territories to become states and it was the first and only federal anti-slavery policy pre-Civil War. This pushed for the Northwest ordinance.

]]> 2022-02-11 19:46:40 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2043087697 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2043099985 Bleeding kansas emerged from a political and ideological debate over the legality of slavery in the proposed state of Kansas, Also known as the Kansas and nebraska act. Bleeding Kansas, lasted from 1854 to 1859. It was small civil war in the United States, fought between proslavery and antislavery advocates for control of the new territory of Kansas under the doctrine of popular sovereignty, which eventually paved a way for the civil war to begin. In this period of repeated outbreaks of violent guerrilla warfare between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces following the creation of the new territory of Kansas in 1854. Bleeding Kansas, Bloody Kansas, or the Border War was a series of violent civil confrontations in Kansas Territory, and to a lesser extent in western Missouri, between 1854 and 1859. It emerged from a political and ideological debate over the legality of slavery in the proposed state of Kansas. Kansas is an important staging ground for what some people argue is the first battles of the Civil War, because it is this battlefield on which the forces of anti-slavery and the forces of slavery meet. After the Kansas-Nebraska Act reopened the possibility of slavery extending into new territories, tensions between pro- and anti-slavery advocates erupted into violence. Bleeding Kansas foreshadowed the violence that would ensue over the future of slavery during the Civil War.]]> 2022-02-11 19:55:42 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2043099985 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2043103902 The Texas annexation was the 1845 annexation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America. The Republic of Texas declared independence from the Republic of Mexico on March 2, 1836. It applied for annexation to the United States the same year, but was rejected by the Secretary of State. Texas annexed on 12/29/1845 as the 28th state in the Union. Wisconsin added as a free state to maintain the balance between slave and free states in the U.S. Ends the U.S.-Mexican war and the boundary dispute is settled with the Rio Grande being the official boundary between the U.S. and Mexico. The Texas annexation had both its positive and negative impacts on the United States. First the negatives. Because Texas clearly favored slavery, it threatened the balance in congress between free and slave states, a very hot topic at the time. Polk annexed Texas, thinking the good outweighed the bad.]]> 2022-02-11 19:58:35 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2043103902 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044756867  The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War. This law passed on September 18, 1850 by Congress, The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was part of the Compromise of 1850. The act required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state. The act also made the federal government responsible for finding, returning, and trying escaped slaves. following a dispute between Pennsylvania and Virginia, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793, which clarified the processes by which slaveowners could claim their property and was designed to balance the competing interests of free and slave states. The law of 1850 increased harsher penalties against runaway slaves and the people who helped them, and would put non run aways in danger of being sold  into slavery. For some time during the American Civil War, the Fugitive Slave Act was considered to still hold in the case of African Americans fleeing from slave owners in border states that were loyal to the Union government. It was not until June 28, 1864, that the acts were repealed.]]> 2022-02-13 17:25:26 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044756867 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044758421 The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War. First California was admitted to the Union as a free state, Second  the remainder of the Mexican cession was divided into the two territories of New Mexico and Utah and organized without mention of slavery, Third the claim of Texas to a portion of New Mexico was satisfied by a payment of $10 million, Fourth new legislation (the Fugitive Slave Act) was passed to apprehend runaway slaves and return them to their masters, and lastly the buying and selling of slaves (but not slavery) was abolished in the District of Columbia. The country breathed a sigh of relief. For the next three years, the compromise seemed to settle nearly all differences. The new Fugitive Slave Law, however, was an immediate source of tension. It deeply offended many Northerners, who refused to have any part in catching slaves. Some actively and violently obstructed its enforcement. The Underground Railroad became more efficient and daring than ever.

]]> 2022-02-13 17:27:02 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044758421 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044764889 The Atlantic slave trade, transatlantic slave trade/ Euro-American slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of various enslaved African people, mainly to the America. The slave trade regularly used the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage, and existed from the late 15th to the 19th centuries. in 1808 a law passed which was the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves. Several Founders launched critiques of the slave trade for violating natural rights. Some have argued that slavery was ended for moral reasons. Changing ideas during abolition might have been related to Enlightenment thinking. The Enlightenment promoted individual freedom. This included “free labor.” which meant that people were paid for their work rather than brutally forced . Due to the Slave Trade Clause in the Constitution, Congress could not ban the Trans Atlantic Slave Trade until 1807.  In January 1807, with a large population with more than four million enslaved people in the South. some Southern congressmen joined with the North in voting to abolish the African slave trade, an act that became effective January 1, 1808. The trade of enslaved people within the South was still allowed, and children of enslaved people automatically became enslaved ensuring a self-sustaining enslaved population in the South. The 1808 Act imposed heavy penalties on international traders, but did not end slavery itself nor the domestic sale of slaves. Not only did it drive trade underground, but ships caught illegally trading were often brought into the United States and its passengers sold into slavery. The 1808 Act imposed heavy penalties on international traders, but did not end slavery itself nor the domestic sale of slaves. Not only did it drive trade underground, but ships caught illegally trading were often brought into the United States and its passengers sold into slavery. up to 50,000 slaves were illegally imported into the United States after 1808, mostly through Spanish Florida and Texas, before those states were admitted to the Union.]]> 2022-02-13 17:33:40 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044764889 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044766627 Abraham Lincoln was an American lawyer and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Abraham Lincoln is famous for the Gettysburg Address, and stopping the spread of  slavery.  When the Black Hawk War broke out, the volunteers elected Lincoln to be their captain. After the war, Lincoln announced his intention to stand for the Illinois Legislature.The 1860 United States presidential election was the 19th quadrennial presidential election, held on November 6, 1860. He was elected president. Although he would become the first Republican president, Lincoln was a Whig supporter from the beginning of his political career and served as a Whig during his four terms in the Illinois Legislature. He thought the Whig party agreed on principles he supported and to him it encompassed the promise of the American life.Abraham Lincoln became the United States' 16th President in 1861, issuing the Emancipation Proclamation that declared forever free those slaves within the Confederacy in 1863. Lincoln thought secession illegal, and was willing to use force to defend Federal law and the Union. Though Lincoln did own slaves. Lincoln wasn't an abolitionist. Abraham Lincoln did believe that slavery was morally wrong, but there was one big problem: It was sanctioned by the highest law in the land, the Constitution. Lincoln suggested that if slavery was allowed to spread it would block free labor from settling in the new states and that, as a result, the entire nation would soon become ever more dominated by slave owners. So he decided to stop the spread of it and not the slavery itself, It went on for three more years. On New Year's morning of 1863, President Abraham Lincoln hosted a three-hour reception in the White House. That afternoon, Lincoln slipped into his office and — without fanfare — signed a document that changed America forever. Although several states, including Virginia, joined the ranks of the Confederacy, key Border States did not. While Lincoln did not provoke the war, he shrewdly took advantage of the situation and ensured that the South fired the first shots of the Civil War. ... Lincoln made his position clear at his inauguration. Momentum toward violence continued to grow, and a little over a month after Lincoln's inauguration, Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter, marking the official beginning of the Civil War. Believing strongly that secession was unconstitutional and determined to hold the Union together, Lincoln chose to fight.]]> 2022-02-13 17:35:13 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044766627 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044779888  The underground railroad became a movement... etc system used by abolitionists between 1800-1865 to help enslaved African Americans escape to free states. The Underground Railroad was the network used by enslaved black Americans to obtain their freedom in the 30 years before the Civil War (1860-1865). The earliest mention of the Underground Railroad came in 1831 when enslaved man Tice Davids escaped from Kentucky into Ohio and his owner blamed an “underground railroad” for helping Davids to freedom. When did the Underground Railroad begin and end? system used by abolitionists between 1800-1865 to help enslaved African Americans escape to free states. The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early- to mid-19th century. It was used by enslaved African Americans primarily to escape into free states and Canada. Despite its name, the Underground Railroad wasn't a railroad in the way Amtrak or commuter rail is. It wasn't even a real railroad. It was a metaphoric one, where “conductors,” that is basically escaped slaves and intrepid abolitionists, would lead runaway slaves from one “station,” or save house to the next. The Underground Railroad was a secret system developed to aid fugitive slaves on their escape to freedom. ... The safe houses used as hiding places along the lines of the Underground Railroad were called stations. A lit lantern hung outside would identify these stations. Who founded the Underground Railroad? In the early 1800s, Quaker abolitionist Isaac T. Hopper set up a network in Philadelphia that helped enslaved people on the run. Davids was a Kentucky slave who successfully escaped to Ohio in 1830. The term "Underground Railroad" is thought to have been coined based on his escape. His owner had been pursuing Davids but lost track of him in Ohio. In 1831, Tice Davids, a fugitive from slavery, fled from his owner in Kentucky. Davids swam across the Ohio River with his owner in close pursuit in a boat. ... Rush Sloane, an abolitionist from Sandusky, Ohio, claimed that the Davids episode led to the naming of the Underground Railroad. the Underground Railroad movement. Harriet Tubman (1822-1913), a renowned leader in the Underground Railroad movement, established the Home for the Aged in 1908. Born into slavery, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in the North in 1849 and then risked her life to lead other enslaved people to freedom. Harriet Tubman escaped from slavery in the South to become a leading abolitionist before the American Civil War. She led hundreds of enslaved people to freedom in the North along the route of the Underground Railroad. Tubman applied intelligence she learned as an Underground Railroad conductor to lead the Combahee Ferry Raid that freed more than 700 from slavery. They called her “Moses” for leading enslaved people in the South to freedom up North. As a conductor on the Underground Railroad, Harriet Tubman led some 70 people out of bondage, through woods and wetlands she knew well. ... Tubman used local bird calls including that of the Barred Owl to signal an all-clear to freedom seekers without attracting the attentions of slave catchers. Known as the “Moses of her people,” Harriet Tubman was enslaved, escaped, and helped others gain their freedom as a “conductor" of the Underground Railroad. Tubman also served as a scout, spy, guerrilla soldier, and nurse for the Union Army during the Civil War. The Railroad was often known as the "freedom train" or "Gospel train", which headed towards "Heaven" or "the Promised Land", i.e., Canada. William Still, sometimes called "The Father of the Underground Railroad", helped hundreds of slaves escape (as many as 60 a month), sometimes hiding them in his Philadelphia home. Between 1850 and 1860, Tubman made 19 trips from the South to the North following the network known as the Underground Railroad. She guided more than 300 people, including her parents and several siblings, from slavery to freedom, earning the nickname “Moses” for her leadership. ]]> 2022-02-13 17:48:05 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044779888 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044783232 The abolition movement, was from 1783 to 1888 in western Europe and the American. The movement was responsible for creating the emotional climate necessary for ending the transatlantic slave trade and chattel slavery. The abolitionist movement was the social and political effort to end slavery everywhere. It fueled in part by religious fervor, the movement was led by people like Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth and John Brown. After the Civil War began in 1861, abolitionists rallied to the Union cause. They rejoiced when President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, declaring the slaves free in many parts of the South. In 1865, the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolished slavery in the country. Emancipation Proclamation On December 16th 1865 the Thirteenth Amendment was ratified making slavery in the United States illegal. African Americans would go on to win the right to vote and receive full citizenship. With these things accomplished the abolitionist movement succeeded in fulfilling it's goals. The abolitionists saw slavery as an abomination and an affliction on the United States, making it their goal to eradicate slave ownership. They sent petitions to Congress, ran for political office and inundated people of the South with anti-slavery literature.]]> 2022-02-13 17:51:29 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044783232 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044789271 The Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, the Florida Purchase Treaty, or the Florida Treaty, was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain. Under the Onís-Adams Treaty of 1819 the United States and Spain defined the western limits of the Louisiana Purchase and Spain surrendered its claims to the Pacific Northwest. In 1819, after years of negotiations, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams achieved a diplomatic coup with the signing of the Florida Purchase Treaty, which officially put Florida into U.S. hands at no cost beyond the U.S. assumption of some $5 million of claims by U.S. citizens against Spain. The Spanish cession gave the US the Florida Purchase Treaty, or the Florida Treaty, was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain, which officially put Florida into U.S. hands at no cost beyond the U.S. assumption of some $5 million of claims by U.S. citizens against Spain.]]> 2022-02-13 17:57:05 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044789271 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044802809 The Missouri Compromise was a United States federal legislation that stopped northern attempts to forever prohibit slavery's expansion by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. The Missouri Compromise was passed into law in 1820 and regulated slavery in the western states. It also allowed future states that were admitted to the union to allow the population of that territory to decide themselves through voting whether they would allow slavery or not measure worked out between the North and the South and passed by the U.S. Congress that allowed for admission of Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and made free land to all of western territories north of Missouri's southern border. On March 3, 1820, the decisive votes in the House admitted Maine as a free state, Missouri as a slave state, and made all western territories north of Missouri's southern border free. ]]> 2022-02-13 18:10:09 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044802809 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044804461 The mexican cession was a treaty that added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. Mexico also gave up all claims to Texas and recognized the Rio Grande as America's southern boundary. It was the land of California, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming. Mexico ceded 55 percent of its territory, including parts of present-day Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah, to the United States. Mexico relinquished all claims to Texas, and recognized the Rio Grande as the southern boundary with the United States.  the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, with   over 525,000 square miles of territory to the United States in exchange for $15 million and the assumption of Mexican debts to American citizens, which reopened the slavery issue.]]> 2022-02-13 18:11:56 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044804461 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044807019 The Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 was a territorial organic act that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska. It was drafted by Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas, passed by the 33rd United States Congress, and signed into law by President Franklin Pierce. It became law on May 30, 1854. The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two new territories, and allowed for popular sovereignty. It also produced a violent uprising known as “Bleeding Kansas,” as proslavery and antislavery activists flooded into the territories to sway the vote. The Kansas-Nebraska Act was designed to accomplish to divide the area west of Iowa and Missouri into two territories. Some of the intended was splitting of land and unintended was the conflict and the violence. They allow each territory to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty. which caused severe division. ]]> 2022-02-13 18:14:25 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044807019 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044810969 on July 2, 1777. In response to abolitionists' calls across the colonies to end slavery, Vermont became the first colony to ban it outright. In 1780, Pennsylvania became the first state to abolish slavery when it adopted a statute that provided for the freedom of every slave born after its enactment (once that individual reached the age of majority). Massachusetts was the first to abolish slavery outright, doing so by judicial decree in 1783. Mississippi Becomes Last State to Ratify 13th Amendment. After what's being seen as an “oversight†by the state of Mississippi, the Southern territory has become the last state to consent to the 13th Amendment–officially abolishing slavery. Which states had more than 100,000 slaves? Four states had more than 100,000 slaves in 1790: Virginia (292,627); South Carolina (107,094); Maryland (103,036); and North Carolina (100,572). Slavery was so profitable, it sprouted more millionaires per capita in the Mississippi River valley than anywhere in the nation. With cash crops of tobacco, cotton and sugar cane, America's southern states became the economic engine of the burgeoning nation. ... The slave economy had been very good to American prosperity. How did slavery result in the rapid growth of the US economy? Demand for slaves led to an increase in their price, which in turn allowed plantation owners to obtain cash-out mortgages to expand production. In just a quarter of a century, Southern agriculture was transformed into a nearly single-crop production. This rapid shift was not possible anywhere else in the world. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865, abolished slavery in every state and territory of the United States. After that time the terms became more or less obsolete because all states were free of slavery. Slavery itself was abolished everywhere in the British Empire in 1834. Some Canadian jurisdictions had already taken measures to restrict or end slavery by that time. In 1793 Upper Canada (now Ontario) passed an Act intended to gradually end the practice of slavery, That's why African Americans would try to escape there. How did ending slavery help America? Because in that case a separate ledger of “labor resources” would have soared after 1865. Former slaves would now be classified as “labor,” and hence the labor stock would rise dramatically, even on a per capita basis. Either way, abolishing slavery made America a much more productive, and hence richer country. Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States and provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. The amendment was passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the required 27 of the then 36 states on December 6, 1865, and proclaimed on December 18. This gave African American's their freedom but not their human rights which continued to be fought for. ]]> 2022-02-13 18:18:25 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2044810969 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2045461817 The transatlantic slave trade began during the 15th century when Portugal, and subsequently other European kingdoms, were finally able to expand overseas and reach Africa. The Portuguese first began to kidnap people from the west coast of Africa and to take those they enslaved back to Europe. The Atlantic slave trade, transatlantic slave trade, or Euro-American slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of various enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas. For more than 2,000 years people in many different parts of the world have forced their fellow humans into slavery. Between about 1500 and 1900, Europeans forcibly uprooted millions of people from throughout West Africa and West Central Africa and shipped them across the Atlantic in conditions of great cruelty.The slave trade regularly used the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage, and existed from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The transatlantic slave trade began during the 15th century when Portugal, and subsequently other European kingdoms, were finally able to expand overseas and reach Africa. The Portuguese first began to kidnap people from the west coast of Africa and to take those they enslaved back to Europe. The slave trade had devastating effects in Africa. Economic incentives for warlords and tribes to engage in the slave trade promoted an atmosphere of lawlessness and violence. Depopulation and a continuing fear of captivity made economic and agricultural development almost impossible throughout much of western Africa. It was the second of three stages of the so-called triangular trade, in which arms, textiles, and wine were shipped from Europe to Africa, enslaved people from Africa to the Americas, and sugar and coffee from the Americas to Europe. over 90 percent of enslaved Africans were imported into the Caribbean and South America. Only about 6 percent of African captives were sent directly to British North America. Yet by 1825, the US population included about one quarter of the people of African descent in the New World. The trans-Atlantic slave trade occurred within a broader system of trade between West and Central Africa, Western Europe, and North and South America. The transatlantic slave trade was abolished in the United States from 1 January 1808. However some slaving continued on an illegal basis for the next fifty years. One popular subterfuge was to use whaling ships. The campaign to end slavery itself in the United States was long and bitter.]]> 2022-02-14 05:13:08 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2045461817 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2045496328 The Civil War in the United States began in 1861, after decades of simmering tensions between northern and southern states over slavery, states' rights and westward expansion.The American Civil War was a  war in the United States fought between the Union and the Confederacy. The central cause of the war was the status of slavery, especially the expansion of slavery into territories acquired as a result of the Louisiana Purchase and the Mexican–American War. the moral issue of slavery. In fact, it was the economics of slavery and political control of that system that was central to the conflict. A key issue was states' rights. The Civil War was a brutal war that lasted from 1861 to 1865. It left the south economically devastated, and resulted in the criminalization of slavery in the United States. Confederate General Lee surrendered to Union General Grant in the spring of 1865 officially ending the war. After four bloody years of conflict, the United States defeated the Confederate States. In the end, the states that were in rebellion were readmitted to the United States, and the institution of slavery was abolished nation-wide. Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States during the Civil War. The Union won the American Civil War. The war effectively ended in April 1865 when Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his troops to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia. After four bloody years of conflict, the United States defeated the Confederate States. In the end, the states that were in rebellion were readmitted to the United States, and the institution of slavery was abolished nation-wide. The North was more industrial and produced 94 percent of the USA's pig iron and 97 percent of its firearms. The North won because they had a richer, more varied agriculture than the South. The Union had a larger navy, blocking all efforts from the Confederacy to trade with Europe.  what happened after the civil war was Reconstruction refers to the period immediately after the Civil War from 1865 to 1877 when several United States administrations sought to reconstruct society in the former Confederate states in particular by establishing and protecting the legal rights of the newly freed black population and The first three of these postwar amendments accomplished the most radical and rapid social and political change in American history. The abolition of slavery (13th) and the granting of equal citizenship (14th) and voting rights (15th) to former slaves, all within a period of five years. But More than a million African Americans were refugees, homeless, separated from family during years of slavery, wondering what to do now. The white male population had been decimated by the war. The survivors straggled home, many of them wounded.]]> 2022-02-14 05:43:00 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2045496328 kkellam1 https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2061548336 On May 13, 1846, the United States Congress declared war on Mexico after a request from President James K. Polk. The U.S. also tried to buy Texas and what was called “Mexican California” from Mexico, which was seen as an insult by Mexico, before war broke out. Mexico considered the annexation of Texas as an act of war. The Mexican-American War was a conflict between the United States and Mexico, fought from April 1846 to February 1848. It stemmed from the annexation of the Republic of Texas by the U.S. in 1845 and from a dispute over whether Texas ended at the Nueces River (the Mexican claim) or the Rio Grande. The Mexican-American War of 1846-1848 was a combination of Mexican unwillingness to recognize Texas independence, the desire of Texans for statehood, and American desire for westward expansion. The war—in which U.S. forces were consistently victorious—resulted in the United States' acquisition of more than 500,000 square miles of Mexican territory extending westward from the Rio Grande to the Pacific Ocean. The war officially ended with the February 2, 1848, signing in Mexico of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming.]]> 2022-02-22 23:37:29 UTC https://padlet.com/kkellam1/e026j20y6ndreh3r/wish/2061548336