• Power, environment, water, and health

• Climate Change

• it could affect the food chain

• Dwindling of tourism sector

• Lack of home security

• Irregular movement of humans and animals

• Not act of war

• destruction of habitat & Structure

• Loss of livelihood

• can cause an infectious disease.

It is a form of NTS because it affects the well-being of the citizens.

Affects housing, shortage of food supplies, migration of people (displacement), state of living (environment).

Natural disasters usually require large amounts of help from other countries - finance, food, medical aid, social aid.

Vulnerable groups include: -elderly and children, low-income/poverty, sick people, foreigners.

1. Human Security - Initial onset of Loss, Infectious diseases

2. Economic security - Loss of Infrastructure, Jobs

3. Food Security - Damage to crops, inaccessible areas

4. Environmental Security - Environmental degradation

5. Social Stability - Potential increase in crimes due to resource scarcity.

Groups of People who are vulnerable to natural disasters.

1. Rural residents

2. Elderly

3. People living within or IVO of areas prone to Natural Disasters

4. Countries with Poor infrastructure, policies, bi-lateral ties for aid

2) natural disaster can affect countries which are reliant on food export (i.e., countries exporting fishes). the food are polluted by the soil from landslides, thus affected export for affected countries and affected import for importing countries (transnational issues)

3) sanitary issues could be affected as sanitary wastes are washed up on shore (flooding). as a result, health issues arising from diseases becomes prominent.

4) logistical issues due to block roads and delayed in freight. businesses are affected, food security issues are affected.

5) damages from natural disasters will take a longer time to recover as existing infrastructures are damaged

6) economic security is also involved as governmental budgets needs to be re-distributed to repair the damages.

7) looting arising from disasters increases and result in financial losses to citizens.

8) vulnerable groups = pregnant women, children, elderly with health challenges, people who are already living in poverty could face famish (dependent on the type of disaster and the geographical terrains).

1- Affects people on a large scale. Asian tsunami that affects Thailand. Example: It affects the livelihood of the fishermen.

2-Environment impact as it has a severe and long-lasting impact on the ecosystem, diversity, and overall health of the planet. At the transnational level, the supply of water and food will be affected. Example; Singapore depends on Malaysia for water supply. Singapore water supply will be affected if Malaysia were to be hit with natural disaster.

3-Loss of talent and economic instability. Slowed migration of people. Disrupt Foreign investors in a country. Foreign employments are compromised.

4-Affect human housing infrastructure and social stability. The Eruption of Mt Bromo has resulted in nearby villages to lose their homes.

5-It is not due to human intent or aggression.

Vulnerable groups: the young, elderly, village people, the poor, foreign workers