Subphylum Crustaceans by Mackenzie Overholser

Crustaceans

mo175 — 2018-05-29 00:24:57 UTC

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustacean

Branchiopoda

mo175 — 2018-05-29 12:12:37 UTC

Brine shrimp, Water Fleas, Tadpole shrimp, Fairy shrimp

Malacostraca

mo175 — 2018-05-29 12:13:07 UTC

Crayfish, Crabs, Lobsters, Krill

Maxillopoda

mo175 — 2018-05-29 12:14:38 UTC

Barnacles & Copepods

Physical Features

mo175 — 2018-05-29 12:32:16 UTC

All crustaceans

Exoskeleton (Carapace)

mo175 — 2018-05-29 12:40:30 UTC

Hard Exoskeleton
Grows in stages or molts
Secreted by epidermis
Cuticle thickness can very, either thin and flexible membrane or a massive rigid shell
Used for protection of body
Also provides attachment sites for muscles

Three Body Segments

mo175 — 2018-05-29 12:47:27 UTC

Each segment of body can have appendages

Head

Two pairs of maxillae (help mandibles position food)
Cone pair of mandibles (used for chewing food)
Secreted by epidermis
Two compounds eyes
At least one pair of antennae

Thorax

Legs that are used for walking and/or feeding

Abdomen

Legs used for swimming (swimmerets)
End in a fan shaped tail (telson)

Circulatory System

mo175 — 2018-05-30 13:06:27 UTC

Open Circulatory system meaning there is no heart and the "blood is pumped by vessels
Blood doesn't flow in a closed loop
Blood will diffuse back into circulatory system between cells
Heart pumps blood into body cavities
In cavities there are tissues surrounded by blood

Nervous system

mo175 — 2018-05-30 13:10:40 UTC

Brain (supraesophageal)
Brain connects to ventral nerve cord of ganglia (never centres)
Brain has nerve connections with the eyes

Exemplary Example 1

mo175 — 2018-05-30 21:27:16 UTC

Common Name: Red king crab
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Family: Lithodidae
Genus: Paralithodes
Species: camtschaticus

Exemplary Example 2

mo175 — 2018-05-30 21:46:14 UTC

Common Name: Brine shrimp
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Crustacea
Class: Branchiopoda
Order: Anostraca
Family: Artemiidae
Genus: Artemia
Species: salina

Exemplary Example 3

mo175 — 2018-05-30 21:47:01 UTC

Common Name: Acorn barnacle
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Crustacea
Class: Maxillopoda
Order: Sessillia
Family: Archaeobalanidae
Genus: Semibalanus
Species: balanoides

mo175 — 2018-05-31 12:21:59 UTC

Part of the benthic community (bottom of a body of water)
Some roam the sea floor and burrow into the sediment
Crustaceans purse every known survival strategy
Neighborly

Habitat

mo175 — 2018-05-31 12:44:22 UTC

All Crustaceans

mo175 — 2018-05-31 12:45:28 UTC

Habitats vary
Most are in the water (salt and fresh)
Some are stationary like barnacles
Some move around like Crabs and Shrimp
Some are terrestrial like woodlice
Water temperatures vary

Red King Crab

mo175 — 2018-05-31 15:14:09 UTC

http://oceana.org/sites/default/files/styles/lightbox_full/public/21_0.jpg?itok=O9Gy5tEw

Location

mo175 — 2018-05-31 15:14:58 UTC

West coast of North America stop at southern limit which is at Queen Charlotte Islands, the most northern point is Barrow, Alaska
Introduced to Atlantic Ocean North of Russia
They are found all throughout northern Pacific Ocean
As far south as Japan Sea
Also north up to the Kamchatka Peninsula

Habitat

mo175 — 2018-05-31 15:24:24 UTC

Mud and sand substrates
Migrant in late winter/early spring
Change in depth to 50m or shallower
Location changes due to temp
Found in intertidal zones depth of 200m or more (adults)

Physical characteristics

mo175 — 2018-05-31 15:34:50 UTC

Color

Dark red body

Body

Five sets of appendages
First 2 are pincers
The last appendages are used for mating
Right is usually bigger than the left

Why?

moverholser — 2018-05-31 15:50:54 UTC

Every organism looks closely alike.
All have some type of shell
Invertebrates
Don't all have backbones

Gradualism Evolution

moverholser — 2018-05-31 15:56:13 UTC

Proof

moverholser — 2018-05-31 16:03:53 UTC

Tree shows start of arthropods
Shows that Crustaceans have many of the same traits

Conculsion

moverholser — 2018-05-31 16:06:39 UTC

The Arthropod tree shows that these traits didn't all happen in one subphylum but occurred in many subplylums before crustacea. This proves that evolution has followed gradualism and not punctuated equilibrium.

Behavioral Characteristics

mo175 — 2018-05-31 16:10:54 UTC

Behavior

They form large groups when in shallow waters called podding
Poding is used for protection
Sometimes segregated by sex when they are in deep waters

Mating

King crabs mate as soon as eggs hatch
Male attracted to female by a chemical that they release
Male and female stay attached for at least 7 days
Female molts while they are attached
Eggs incubates for a whole year

Communication

Females use a chemical to tell males they are ready to mate

Feeding

mo175 — 2018-06-03 17:09:51 UTC

Eat meat and plants (Omnivores)
Eat clams, sea urchins, barnacles, mussels, fish, algae

Brine shrimp

mo175 — 2018-06-03 17:17:28 UTC

https://i.ytimg.com/vi/jLC2mWhw7yE/maxresdefault.jpg

Location

mo175 — 2018-06-03 17:27:08 UTC

Southern coast of San Francisco
Caspian sea
Great Salt Lake in Utah
Usually found in any body of water containing salt

Habitat

mo175 — 2018-06-03 17:38:40 UTC

Live in a wide variety of water salinity
Can tolerate up to 50% salt concentration
Never in the ocean because of predators
Sometimes found in man made evaporation ponds
Good resistance to change

Physical characteristics

mo175 — 2018-06-03 18:07:06 UTC

Size

Adult is usually 8-10mm
Can be up too 15mm depending on the environment

Color

White, pink or green
Sometimes they are even transparent

Body

Elongated body
Even though it is a crustacean it has no exoskeleton

Appendages (phyllopodia)

20 appendages
Trunk has about 10 sets of flat leaf looking appendages
Beat in regular rhythm

Behavior

mo175 — 2018-06-03 18:29:20 UTC

Mating

Happens when males are present and are attached to the females
Fertile eggs and produces diploid zygotes
Reproduction happens without fertilization
All offspring will be female
Water has to be the temp of 30 deg C for eggs to hatch

Swimming

They swim upside down due to positive phototaxis (attracted to light)
Appendages point upward
Rise towards the surface during the day and sink to the bottom during the night

mo175 — 2018-06-03 18:47:37 UTC

The taxonomic classification shows that even though they are all different species, they all come from a common ancestor. The classification table shows that they are all crustaceans, but come from different classes of crustaceans. Taxonomy can determine this by showing common traits that each species shares or even showing how certain traits that on species has is similar to what another species has.

Feeding

mo175 — 2018-06-03 19:12:57 UTC

Filter microscopic organisms with fine slender spines on their legs
Graze the floor
Scrape algae off rocks with quick movements of their appendages
Food gets to mouth through a central median food groove
Utilizing the normal movement of the legs

Acorn Barnacle

lyspeers — 2018-06-03 19:44:03 UTC

https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--h_9DDukl--/c_scale,f_auto,fl_progressive,q_80,w_800/817329642186483342.jpg

lyspeers — 2018-06-03 19:45:01 UTC

Lobster

lyspeers — 2018-06-03 19:47:36 UTC

https://clawsoffury.weebly.com/genetics.html

lyspeers — 2018-06-03 19:49:27 UTC

http://content.tutorvista.com/biology_11/content/us/class11biology/chapter17/images/img51.jpeg

lyspeers — 2018-06-03 19:50:37 UTC

https://clawsoffury.weebly.com/evolution.html

https://clawsoffury.weebly.com/uploads/1/7/9/4/17941983/783803603.jpg

Slippery Lobster

lyspeers — 2018-06-03 19:52:41 UTC

Age of fossil: 93-97 million years & time period: Middle Cretaceous, Cenomanian Stag
http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil_Sites/Lebanese-Lagerstatt/Scyllaridae/Scyllaridae-L.jpg

Mud Lobster

lyspeers — 2018-06-03 19:53:28 UTC

Age of fossil: 16-25 million years & time period: neogene period
https://auction.catawiki.com/kavels/14917421-finely-detailed-fossil-white-mud-lobster-thalassina-sp-200-x-66-x-50-mm-370-g

Aeger Tipularius

lyspeers — 2018-06-03 19:53:56 UTC

Age of fossil: 155 million years & time period: upper jurassic
https://www.fossilera.com/fossils/4-2-fossil-shrimp-aeger-solnhofen-limestone

Mantis Shrimp

lyspeers — 2018-06-03 19:54:26 UTC

Age of fossil: About 2450 years & time period: Cenomian period
https://www.fossilera.com/fossils/1-3-fossil-mantis-shrimp-sculda-syriaca-lebanon--2

Horseshoecrab

lyspeers — 2018-06-03 19:55:42 UTC

Age of fossil: ½ billion years old & time period: devonian period
https://www.livescience.com/9554-oldest-horseshoe-crab-fossil-discovered.html

Megaxantho Zogue

lyspeers — 2018-06-03 19:56:14 UTC

Age of fossil: 69 million yrs old & time period: Late Cretaceous period

lyspeers — 2018-06-03 19:56:37 UTC

mo175 — 2018-06-03 20:05:23 UTC

Location

moverholser — 2018-06-03 20:33:50 UTC

Northeast Atlantic ocean
Southern British Columbia all the way to southwestern Spain
Pacific coast of North America

Habitat

moverholser — 2018-06-03 20:37:16 UTC

Tidal zones
Cool or warm areas
Attach to any rough surface
Will chose based on water movement in the area
Light and color play a big role in choosing their habitat
Ride on almost anything including; turtles, whales, fish an even styrofoam

moverholser — 2018-06-03 20:50:32 UTC

Omnivores crabs, shrimp
Herbivores graze on algae, corals and other plants
Some are grazers

Behavior

moverholser — 2018-06-03 21:01:07 UTC

All Crustaceans

Feeding

moverholser — 2018-06-03 21:02:14 UTC

All Crustaceans

Physical Characteristics

mo175 — 2018-06-03 21:55:39 UTC

They are like larvae shrimp before the attach and form a shell
monomorphic (no eyes)
highly sensitive and responsive to shading
Pair of antennas
Sessile (anchored to something)

Size

Range in length 2.5cm to 7.5cm

Legs

Has biramous legs
Six pairs

Shells

Surrounded by pairs of overlapping plates
Made of calcereous (limestone)
First pair of plates surrounded by another pair which close if threatened

Color

Shells can be yellow, orange or pink

mo175 — 2018-06-03 22:06:10 UTC

Shows the start of the phylum that Crustaceans belong to. It shows that crustaceans come from trilobitomorpha, which are organisms that don’t yet have bodies that are segmented into 3 parts.

Lobster

mo175 — 2018-06-03 22:16:13 UTC

https://pictures.royalsociety.org/assets/object_images/6/00/7006/v0_web.jpg

Fairy shrimp

mo175 — 2018-06-03 22:17:07 UTC

Embryology

mo175 — 2018-06-03 22:18:07 UTC

Lobster

lyspeers — 2018-06-03 22:26:34 UTC

Two different claws on one lobster

Right claw

Cheliped aka the pincher
Used to extract meat from a crushed shell of and organism

Left claw

Cheliped aka the crusher claw
Used to pulverize that shells of other organisms
Left claw is also barbed

mo175 — 2018-06-03 22:27:01 UTC

These two pictures show that even though these are two different organisms they are closely related. You see that they go though some of the same stages and that they look alike when they start out

Crayfish

lyspeers — 2018-06-03 22:27:22 UTC

Two large claws
Used to crush and tear food
They also have two pair of legs ending in pincers

Karyotypes

mo175 — 2018-06-03 22:29:38 UTC

mo175 — 2018-06-03 22:31:11 UTC

This shows that a lobster has more chromosome pairs than a human does. It also shows that the chromosomes are all the same size in a lobster

Feeding

moverholser — 2018-06-03 22:34:58 UTC

Filter Feeders
Eat when covered with water
Sift the water for their food using their legs
Eat plankton

Behaviors

moverholser — 2018-06-03 22:35:06 UTC

Gather in large groups
Extremely abundant

Mating

Have to be 3-5cm apart
Hermaphrodites (male or female)
Sniff out to find who is acting as the opposite sex as them

Anatomical similarities

mo175 — 2018-06-03 23:03:29 UTC

Fossil Evidence

moverholser — 2018-06-04 01:29:18 UTC

moverholser — 2018-06-04 01:31:32 UTC

These fossils show us how the organisms in the crustacean group are similar to each other even though they are many years apart. The two lobster fossils show how lobsters have evolved. You can tell this by seeing how the slippery lobster does not have claws, whereas the mud lobster does. As you look at the other fossils you will see many changes some big and some small between the two different fossils of each species.

Phylogenetic Tree

moverholser — 2018-06-04 01:37:12 UTC

Non-Random Mating

moverholser — 2018-06-04 01:42:55 UTC

https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/Education/oceanlife/crabs/red_crab.htm
http://people.westminstercollege.edu/faculty/tharrison/gslfood/studentpages/brine.html
http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Semibalanus_balanoides/

Red King Crab

mo175 — 2018-06-04 01:43:47 UTC

King crabs mate as soon as last year's eggs hatch
Male attracted to a female by a chemical they release
Male and female stay attached for at least 7 days
Female molts while attached to he male.
Females incubate eggs for a whole year
Mating season is early January to June
Takes place in shallow waters
After mating females have 500,000 fertile eggs
Don’t mate for life
Don’t choose females due to characteristics its due to chemicals released by the female

Brine Shrimp

mo175 — 2018-06-04 01:44:21 UTC

Happens when males are present and are attached to the females
Cause fertile eggs and produces diploid zygotes
Reproduction without fertilization
All offspring will be female
Water has to be the temp of 30 deg C for eggs to hatch
Eggs hatch in the spring

Acorn Barnacle

mo175 — 2018-06-04 01:44:39 UTC

Have to be within of 3 to 5 cm of each other
Reproduce by internal fertilization
Cross-fertilization occurs due to the insertion of a long extendable penis into the mantle cavity of another barnacle
Time of breeding depends on their latitude location
Since they are a northern species the mate in the winter
Ideal temp is 14 degrees C
One barnacle can produce up to 10,000 eggs

mo175 — 2018-06-04 01:50:54 UTC

With the evidence of the mating habits for each of my organisms, I have come to the conclusion that they all participate in non-random mating. None of my organisms mating habits have to do with choosing a mate depending on what characteristics they have. With this evidence I have come to believe that they don’t participate in specific characteristics mating but in non-random mating

Taxonomy

moverholser — 2018-06-04 01:57:27 UTC

Major Chacteristics

moverholser — 2018-06-04 13:05:00 UTC

https://www.britannica.com/animal/crustacean
http://www.mesa.edu.au/crustaceans/default.asp http://www2.gsu.edu/~bioasx/closeopen.html
https://www.britannica.com/animal/crustacean/Form-and-function-of-internal-features
https://ilovesanimal.com/what-do-crustaceans-eat/
http://eol.org/info/444

moverholser — 2018-06-04 13:13:24 UTC

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_king_crab https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/red-king-crab

http://oceana.org/marine-life/cephalopods-crustaceans-other-shellfish/red-king-crab

http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2007/luchsing_sara/habitat_and_geography.htm

http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Paralithodes_camtschaticus/

moverholser — 2018-06-04 13:29:50 UTC

http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Artemia_salina/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia_salina

moverholser — 2018-06-04 13:32:54 UTC

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semibalanus_balanoides http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Semibalanus_balanoides/

cw4451 — 2020-11-10 19:10:54 UTC