Respiratory Conditions by Coniam, Patrick https://padlet.com/pfc202/dyccxs1plk9ngthu en-us 2022-06-20 09:23:03 UTC 2022-06-20 10:24:23 UTC hello@padlet.com Clinician https://padlet.com/pfc202/dyccxs1plk9ngthu/wish/2225634401 Smoking as a risk factor 
Symptoms- chronic coughs, exertional breathlessness, sputum, wheeze 
Spirometry and respiratory review can help diagnose 
Oxygen if necessary but be aware of retaining co2
antibiotics for exacerbations (caused by viral infections)
Progressive condition and a general decline which increase in symptoms ]]> 2022-06-20 10:10:41 UTC https://padlet.com/pfc202/dyccxs1plk9ngthu/wish/2225634401 Aetiology https://padlet.com/pfc202/dyccxs1plk9ngthu/wish/2225636851 Genetic predisposition clearly evident by gene-by-environment interaction. Could explain much of the international variation in prevalence.

Environmental risk factors - infection, exposure to endotoxins, pollution, high or low temperatures.

Is the the most common non- communicable disease in children, 10-15% of children globally affected.

Causes inflammation and narrowing of the the bronchioles causing coughing, expiratory wheeze, SOB, chest tightness.

8 million people in UK diagnosed, 12% of population.


]]> 2022-06-20 10:14:31 UTC https://padlet.com/pfc202/dyccxs1plk9ngthu/wish/2225636851 Clinicians Perspective https://padlet.com/pfc202/dyccxs1plk9ngthu/wish/2225637380 Risk factors- family history (3-6 times for likely), infections (cold and flu), allergies, occupational exposures, smoking, air pollution, obesity, stress. 

Symptoms- wheeze, tight chest, coughing.  

Diagnosis- peak flow, FeNO test (nitric oxide in your breath showing a sign of inflammation), spirometry. ?chest X-ray and allergy testing. 

Treatment options- inhalers (relievers and preventers) tablets (steroids). 

Potential co-morbidities- rhinosinusitis,
Acid reflux, sleep apnea, hormonal disorders, psychopathology.

Prognosis- depends on symptom control and can lead a ‘normal’ life. ]]> 2022-06-20 10:15:30 UTC https://padlet.com/pfc202/dyccxs1plk9ngthu/wish/2225637380 https://padlet.com/pfc202/dyccxs1plk9ngthu/wish/2225637653 Asthma.org.uk
Adult and child action plan
Peak flow diary
Asthma attack recovery plan 
Inhaler technique 
Helpline and WhatsApp group 
Severe asthma tool

Beatasthma.co.uk
Helpline resources for the family 


]]> 2022-06-20 10:15:51 UTC https://padlet.com/pfc202/dyccxs1plk9ngthu/wish/2225637653 TB https://padlet.com/pfc202/dyccxs1plk9ngthu/wish/2225638042
Aetiology
Bacterial infectious disease. Bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 2 forms of the disease - latent and active.

Incidence
10m worldwide in 2019 - incidence rate 13 times higher outside of the UK

Risk factors / bio markers
Diabetes
Born into high prevalence areas
Born outside of the UK
Kidney disease
Compromised immunity
Head and neck injury

Symptoms
Lack of appetite
Weigh loss
High temp
Night sweats
Extreme tiredness
Coughing
Breathlessness

Comorbidities
HIV
Diabetes
CKD
Gastrectomy
Jejunoilieal bypass surgery
Haem malignancy

Tests
Skin test
Mantoux test

Drug targets
6 month course of antibiotics - isoniazid and rifampicin - for 6 months.
2 additional antibiotics for the first 2 months of the 6 months - pyrazinamide and ethambutol.

Recent R&D
Common antibiotic, doxycycline, in combination with TB treatment, reduces size of lung cavities

Patient perspective
Support groups:
British asthma and lung society
TB Alert
Truth about TB

Prognosis 
Nice guidelines:
70% fatalities for untreated smear positive TB 
20% for smear negative 
Duration of disease from symptom onset to cure or death 3 years. 

]]> 2022-06-20 10:16:23 UTC https://padlet.com/pfc202/dyccxs1plk9ngthu/wish/2225638042 Patient Perspective: COPD https://padlet.com/pfc202/dyccxs1plk9ngthu/wish/2225639037
 
Disease Information:(What is my Disease? Can it be Cured? How did I get it?)
 
  • symptoms include- breathlessness, especially on excretion.
  • Persistent chesty cough- often put down as smokers cough
  • Frequent chest infections
  • Persistent wheezing 
  • Without treatment symptoms can get progressively worse, can experience weight loss, tiredness, swollen ankles- building up fluid, oedema , chest pain and coughing up blood- chest infection and lung cancer .
  • Keeping an eye out on any changes. 
 
Available Support: ( Support Groups , patient charities, how can my family help?)
 
  • British Lung Foundation - recommends not to use powder aerosols, and room refreshers. 
  • Smoke Free- service to help people stop smoking. 
  • Breathing techniques- British lung foundation 
  • Talk to others- counsellor and psychologist, GP.- British Lung Foundation
  • Health Unlocked: lung disease community.
  • British Lung foundation: sex and breathlessness 
  • Flying with COPD- Cover your healthcare abroad-insurance- British Lung Foundation 
  • Breathe easy support group
  • Asthma and Lung UK- COPD Passport- analyses the care you are entitled to
  • British Lung Foundation Help line 
 
 
Lifestyle changes ( diet, exercise, medication)
 
  • Look after yourself 
  • Take your medication as prescribed
  • Smoking to stop 
  • To exercise , discuss it with your GP to see what you can do
  • Maintain healthy weight - to reduce putting pressure on the lungs
  • Eating foods that have protein
  • Vaccines- flu jabs every year, and one-off pneumococcal vaccination .
  • Be sensible when going outside- weather changes can exacerbate the condition
  • Nebulisers-ipotropium and salbutamol (bronchodilators)
  • Inhalers
  • Carbocistein 
]]> 2022-06-20 10:17:57 UTC https://padlet.com/pfc202/dyccxs1plk9ngthu/wish/2225639037 Scientist perspective yc564 https://padlet.com/pfc202/dyccxs1plk9ngthu/wish/2225643682 - COPD- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Is the name for a group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties.
- Is the 5th leading cause of death in high income countries, accounting for 3.8% of total deaths.
-As the global population ages, the burden of COPD will increase in years to come. 
- Prevalence estimates of the disorder show considerable variability across populations. Risk factors effect populations differently. EG: environment, work, Gender, ageing. 
Risk Factors:
- Exposure to tabacco smoke
-People with asthma
-Genetic
-Ageing.  ]]> 2022-06-20 10:24:23 UTC https://padlet.com/pfc202/dyccxs1plk9ngthu/wish/2225643682