Activity 2: Assistive Technologies for Intervention by

Activity 2: Assistive Technologies for Intervention by https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa CERT 02/2023 Cohort 1 en-us 2023-02-26 03:15:33 UTC 2025-04-03 19:59:04 UTC hello@padlet.com What is Autism? danielemoretti https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2495062675 Autism is a disability that causes problems with communication and social interaction. Symptoms usually start before age three and may cause delays or deficits in many skills that develop from infancy to adulthood. Different people with autism can have very different symptoms. Autism is a spectrum disorder. One person may have mild symptoms, while another may have severe symptoms. “Autism spectrum disorder” and “autism” can mean the same thing. Currently, the autism spectrum disorder category includes: Autism, Asperger’s Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). ]]> 2023-02-26 03:21:25 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2495062675 What are some of the struggles that autistic students face? danielemoretti https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2495062835 Communication

Language may be slow to develop
Speech may be delayed, or there may be no speech at all
May be no effort to use nonverbal communication (pointing and gesturing)
May use fewer gestures, and those they use are limited in function
May struggle to receptively or expressively label places, people, objects
If verbal, might not know how to start, sustain, or end conversations
May frequently use echolalia (repeating words of others), which may also be delayed
Content and grammar may be delayed, while speech skills might not be delayed
May display unusual tone of voice (e.g. monotone, robotic, or high pitch)
May have a rigid understanding of words, and have difficulty with the concept that objects can have more than one name
Less likely to share experiences
Less likely to make bids for social attention (e.g. “Watch me!”)
May reverse pronouns
May not respond to name consistently
Might not be able to express wants and needs
May not follow directions
May appear not to hear at times
May not point or wave “bye-bye”
May not accurately interpret puns, sarcasm, idioms, etc.
Less likely to make comments (e.g. “Look at that”), or ask questions (“What’s your name?”)

Socialization

Difficulties sharing emotions, understanding how others think and feel, and holding a conversation
Eye contact may not be as frequent or last as long as in other children
May not appear to notice others and seems to tune people out
Often do not build relationships with others their age at a developmental level expected
Rarely share attention with others, such as by showing something, pointing, or pointing out interests or accomplishments
Does not demonstrate emotional reciprocity (taking turns)
Infrequently take turns in play or conversation
Rarely imitate the actions of others in play or otherwise
May not respond to own name
May seem lonely
Difficulty in making and maintaining friendships
Does not consistently smile when smiled at
May seem to prefer to play alone
May have difficulty with imaginative/pretend play
May be overly active, uncooperative, or resistant
Does not know how to play with toys the way they were intended
Seems to be in his / her “own world”
Is not interested in other children

Restrictive, Repetitive, and Stereotyped Behavior

May have an unusually strong or focused interest or fixation (such as a television program, certain toys, or games)
May repeat words, questions, or phrases and cannot move on to other topics
May repeat certain actions and get “stuck” doing the same things over and over and cannot move on to other things (e.g. closing doors, flicking lights)
May obsessively follow daily routines or schedules and be unable or unwilling to be flexible in changing these routines
May have a difficult time transitioning to a different activity
May express high levels of anxiety regarding specific objects or events (e.g. weather events, specific machines)
May play in repetitive ways
May demonstrate repetitive body or other motor movements, such as spinning, rocking, or finger flicking
May show intense interest in parts of objects, as opposed to using an entire toy or object
May have movements that result in self-injury, such as scratching eyes, skin picking, biting hands, and head banging
May demonstrate increased sensitivity to certain textures, tastes, and smells
May demonstrate increased sensitivity to visual and / or auditory stimulation
May seek out additional sensory stimulation in atypical ways (e.g. licking objects, eating non-foods, smelling objects, closing one eye to gaze at object)
May resist certain food groups or food textures
May spend a lot of time lining things up or putting things in piles or rows
May have odd movement patterns
May seem very independent for his/her age
May seem to do things “early” compared to other children
May walk on his / her toes
May display tantrums that are atypical in terms of frequency, intensity, and / or duration

]]> 2023-02-26 03:22:07 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2495062835 What assistive technologies can we use to help our students? danielemoretti https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2495062999
Assistive technology is usually divided into groups—low-tech, mid-tech, and high-tech. In general:

Low-tech AT includes anything that needs no electricity; think weighted vests, sensory balls, or picture boards.
Mid-tech AT is simple enough to be relatively inexpensive and easy to operate. Examples include battery-operated sensory toys, visual timers, and social skills videos.
High-tech AT is digital technology and can include anything from augmentative communication technology for non-verbal people to robots built to increase social skills in children on the spectrum.

]]> 2023-02-26 03:22:46 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2495062999 Low Tech danielemoretti https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2495065620
Low-tech options for handling sensory issues include simple tools for reducing anxiety and increasing focus, such as stress balls, worry beads, weighted vests, and standing desks.

For executive functioning, ordinary written planners, color-coded schedules, and visual reminders can all make a positive difference. Most children with autism do best with hands-on and visual learning, so manipulatives like Cuisenaire rods (which are also available in virtual form) and alphabet blocks are good choices for teaching academic skills.

At the basic, low-tech level, an industry has arisen around teaching children with autism (and adults with more severe challenges) to prepare for and manage new or complex social situations. Among the most popular are:

Social stories: These short, simple, visual stories were first developed by Carol Gray and are used to prepare people with autism to think and behave appropriately in any situation. There are pre-existing social stories for common situations such as getting a hair cut or going to the dentist; therapists and parents can also write and illustrate customized social stories for unique situations such as starting a new school.
Social skills cards and games: Many specialized companies have created cards and games to help build social skills. There are social skills games similar to Chutes and Ladders created to reinforce empathy; Uno cards focused on feelings; and dice games that are intended to reinforce social communication skills.

]]> 2023-02-26 03:33:49 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2495065620 Mid Tech danielemoretti https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2495065905
At the mid-range, there are apps for both augmentative communication and speech therapy. None of these apps were created specifically for people with autism—after all, there are many reasons why a child or adult might not be able to speak—but they are extremely useful and cost-efficient for someone who is unable to use expressive speech effectively.

Two examples of speech-generating apps include:

Proloquo2Go by Assistiveware, which features over 10,000 words, is easy to customize for physical or cognitive needs and can be used in many different languages. Compatible with iOS; costs about $250.
TouchChat HD by Prentke Romich Company, which provides English and Spanish options and allows the user to choose a voice that fits their personality. Compatible with iOS; costs about $150.

Apps for speech therapy are intended not only to substitute for the human voice but are also to help build speech and language skills. Two highly regarded options include Articulation Station and LAMP Words for Life.

Mid-range options are easily available and relatively low-cost. Some examples include watches with alarms, visual timers, sound-blocking headphones, and calculators.

For many people with autism, audiobooks and recordings can be a great way to replay lectures or instructions. Because many people with autism are very visual learners, videos can be a good alternative to written books or spoken lectures.

]]> 2023-02-26 03:34:43 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2495065905 High Tech danielemoretti https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2495066221
At the high end, there are many types of software and apps that are intended to help visual learners think, write, and communicate.

Some are intended for the general market; these include mind mapping software like Lucidchart which are used to make connections among apparently disparate ideas and turn those connections into usable outlines and other products.

Speech to text software can also be useful, as can tools specifically created for students with learning disabilities. Examples include LiveScribe and Dragon Home.

Social skills teaching at the high end is truly techie—and can be extremely expensive. That's because the goal is to create interactive artificial intelligence and robots that can literally take the place of human beings.

These tools are being used to help both children and adults build social skills in a risk-free, highly-interactive, and very intriguing way—and preliminary research is encouraging. A few of the more advanced projects along these lines include:

Kiwi, a “socially assistive robot” created by a team of researchers from the University of Southern California that teaches autistic children both how to do math and socialize.6
QTrobot, created by a company at the University of Luxembourg, which is intended to "increase children’s willingness to interact with human therapists, and decrease discomfort during therapy sessions."
Human-shaped robots created at MIT to help develop social skills and empathy in children with autism.

]]> 2023-02-26 03:35:57 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2495066221 Introduction to the Visually Impaired kennethsee https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2496411703 Students who are visually impaired face an uphill battle. Humans rely so much on sight to navigate the world that when that sense is unusable the difficulty in everyday simple tasks skyrockets. As teachers, we should do everything in our power to ensure that blind and sight impaired students are getting a quality education just like their sighted counterparts.

The link in this entry is an introductory look at how to best accommodate the visually impaired students of your classroom. Then, below are several apps and further reading to help teachers of all ages better serve those in their class that may have visual impairments of any kind.]]> 2023-02-27 14:10:59 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2496411703 What is Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)? An Overview: chriswilson909 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2496421027 The American CDC defines TBI as: "A traumatic brain injury, or TBI, is an injury that affects how the brain works". TBI can be loosely understood as any long-term damage to the way the brain functions after a concussion of other severe injury to it. Depending on the affected areas of the brain, symptoms can vary greatly in expression and in severity. In some cases full brain function can be recovered fully, partially or not depending on the severity of the case.]]> 2023-02-27 14:16:42 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2496421027 Profile of the individual: chriswilson909 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2496424672 Persons with mildly affective TBI can often be characterized as having neurocognitive deficiencies often related to but not limited to memory, concentration, problem solving, handling complex procedural tasks, physical balance and learning new information. Persons with mild TBI are often associated with mild to moderate concussions and can often recover full functionality with help.

Persons with severe affective TBI are often the result of falls (primarily for elders), severe vehicular accidents, and penetrating force into the head or skull namely from machinery or gunshots. Symptoms are similar to mild affective TBI, but in a much more severe degree, and full or even partially recovery is reported in fewer than 25% of people diagnosed with the condition. In severe cases the trauma itself can even result in paralysis, loss of speech and cognition, or even death.]]> 2023-02-27 14:18:48 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2496424672 Acute or particular issues related to TBI chriswilson909 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2496426171 TBI differs from other conditions in its' variation of expression, and also that it is the result of external factors rather than a condition with which one is born with. Depending on the affected regions of the brain for the individual with TBI, one person may have a loss of speech, but no issues with gross motor function, while another experiences the exact opposite despite the fact they are both suffering from TBI. Also of note, according to the CDC the long-term prognosis for persons affected by TBI is not just based the severity of the initial trauma, but also the continued care and access to treatment for the individual. For those mildly affected the long-term prognosis is usually very good and show some level of recovery to pre-injury levels. For those diagnosed with severe TBI the long-term prognosis is bleak, with more than 50% reporting worsening of life in 5 years, and over 20% dying in the same period (although this is primarily due to the large number of elderly among the severely affected population).]]> 2023-02-27 14:19:44 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2496426171 Prevention and Treatment of TBI chriswilson909 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2496428393 Work with TBI is largely centered around preventative measures and harm reduction strategies as in most circumstances the condition is avoidable or mitigable.

Prevention:
Large portions of TBI affected persons developed trauma due to vehicular accidents. In these circumstance a large percentage of people did not follow safety procedure for operating vehicles, i.e. wearing helmets, using seat-belts or avoiding dangerous habits in tandem with operating (oftentimes drinking and driving).
Another large percentage is accounted for in risky sports behaviors. Again many instances are linked to a lack of proper procedure, training or protective gear to protect the head of the individual against physical trauma.
The CDC stresses that in these above circumstances simply using the proper safety equipment or procedure could greatly reduce the incidence of TBI altogether.
A significant portion of affected individuals particularly for the severely affective TBI population is from falls. This issue is particular to the elderly community and guideline for prevention include live-in care facilities for those motor impaired, single story living places without stairs, and avoiding medications which include symptoms of lethargy, dizziness or sleepiness.

Treatment:
Treatments can vary greatly for individuals affected by TBI and can talk on multiple forms depending on the need or prognosis of the individual. These treatments can include surgery in serious circumstances, memory and cognition tasks, physical rehabilitation, and health management plans. Oftentimes a plan will be tailored for these individuals detailing checklist and observation logs to be filled out by a live-in care specialist, nurse, doctor, therapist or close family/friend. Many people with TBI need a physical reminder of tasks to be completed as concentration and memory loss is common.]]> 2023-02-27 14:20:57 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2496428393 What assistive technologies can we use in a classroom. chriswilson909 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2496429652 Speech affective TBI technologies include:
Speech Generating Devices

A speech-generating device is "a portable that contains one or more panels or switches that when depressed will activate pre-recorded digitized or synthesized speech output." These may be a standalone device, usually very small and light, or it can be software that is installed in a tablet or phone.

Cognitive affective TBI technologies include:
Recording Devices

Some symptoms of brain injury might make it difficult to take notes and keep up with teachers or presentations. A recording device can allow a person with a brain injury to go over recorded moments with less pressure and more control. [https://guides.library.illinois.edu]
Speak-to-Text generation devices
For TBI affected individuals who have impairments related to auditory perception, but have greater ability for reading written texts. These devices will automatically convert spoken language into text generate on a screen or device for the individual to read instead.

Gross motor affective TBI technologies include:
Speak-to-write devices or applications.
For many people with TBI they are better able to orally produce adequately, but struggle with written text recognition or production. Using these devices or applications the individual can simply speak into the device which transcribes in their stead.
Facial or movement recognition recorders.
For those with severly impaired ability to move or partial paralysis of the body they can use software designed to recognize subtle movements of the face body or hands to generate responses or even speech.

Sensory affective TBI technologies include:
Hearing Aides
TBI can affect the ability of people to hear and perceive sounds. Often simply improving the quality of sound or altering the wavelength of incoming sound can mitigate these issues.
Specialized multi-focal glasses
TBI can also affect the ability people to see or perceive images adequately when related to damage in the occipital lobe or the LGN. This issue can be often mitigated with specialized glasses or other sight apparatuses.
Large button keyboards or expandable touch screen displays
Similar to adjustments made by glasses, sometimes simply having manipulable displays to 'zoom in' or built in larger fonts make perception of letters and words easier.

]]> 2023-02-27 14:21:45 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2496429652 What is Orthopedic Impairment? danaubin https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2497540590 Orthopedic impairment is when a student's educational experience is impacted by a muscle, joint, or bone disorder. The student will not have full, or any, control of part(s) of their body and this will perhaps impact their ability to participate in some school activities. ]]> 2023-02-28 07:32:12 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2497540590 What is Developmental Delay? https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499033002 Developmental delay is when children do not acquire expected developmental skills compared to their peers. Delays may occur in motor function, speech and language, cognition, gaming, and social skills. Global developmental delay is when a young child has severe delays in two or more of these areas of development. ]]> 2023-03-01 05:50:53 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499033002 Mid Tech-Audio Books and Reading Software Sora https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499033151 Audio Books and Reading Software]]> 2023-03-01 05:51:04 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499033151 Low Tech-Flash cards https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499033241 2023-03-01 05:51:14 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499033241 Low Tech-Cue cards https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499038166 Cue cards can be used for an oral presentation
vocabulary ]]> 2023-03-01 05:57:20 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499038166 Low Tech-Graphing paper, Lined paper https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499039131 2023-03-01 05:58:42 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499039131 Low Tech Stick notes https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499041117 Sticky notes or post it notes to summarize the main
idea

]]> 2023-03-01 06:01:12 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499041117 Three Categories of Orthopedic Impairment: danaubin https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499070109 Neuromotor Impairment
Neuromotor impairments are perhaps the most complex of the three categories; neuromotor impairments will often include negative impact to essential parts of the body such as the brain, spinal cord, and/or nervous system. Two of the most well-known neuromotor diseases are cerebral palsy and spina bifida. The physical effects can include, but are not limited to:

- Limited limb movement

- Complex motor problems

- Loss, or limited control, of the urinary system

- Communicative difficulties

- Seizures

Musculoskeletal Impairment

Musculoskeletal is how we can successfully move our limbs from one position to another without causing pain to bones, muscles, joints, and tissue (WHO, 2022). In fact, musculoskeletal-based issues are the leading causes of needing rehabilitation. The damage can be both long-term (such as the many forms of arthritis), or short-term (such as fractures and sprains). The physical effects can include, but are not limited to:

- Difficulty with mobility.

- Difficulty with lifting things

- Difficulty with standing/sitting.

- Difficulty with communicating effectively.

Degenerative Impairment

Degenerative refers to the progressive weaking of muscles, bones, and joints over time. Perhaps the two most common forms of degenerative diseases are ALS (a type of motor neurone disease), and muscular dystrophy. Both of these result in the continuing weakening of the previously mentioned body parts. Both can be problematic from birth and found to have a late age onset. Osteoarthritis is also a type of degenerative disease that impacts the joints. The effects can include, but are not limited to:

- Limited mobility

- Severe weakness of the muscles

- Communicative deficits

Of course, as with anyone that struggles with lifestyle limitations that are out of their control, people with orthopedic impairments are also at risk of suffering from mental health issues. It is essential that these are also considered when thinking about how you can best assist students. Some problems to look out for might be:

- Depression

- Nervousness

- Low confidence

- Social anxiety

]]> 2023-03-01 06:42:03 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499070109 How can you help at school? danaubin https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499084645 Basic assistive interventions

- Think about how you can best arrange the classroom to accommodate the student in need.

- Could the student be put next to another student that is naturally empathetic and helpful?

- Could books be kept at school to prevent the student needing to transport them, and alternate electronic resources be sent home?

- Can activities in the classroom be more accommodating for the said student’s needs?

- If the said student has a helper, try communicating directly to the student to show respect.

- If unsure of what to do, be willing enough to ask how you can help. Never leave the student in the dark with no method of accessibility.

Assistive technology for mobility

- You

- Wheelchairs

- Walkers

- Adjustable tables for students that struggle with sitting for too long.

Advanced assistive interventions for education

- Speech recognition software

- Speech-to-text software

- Software packages to be used at home that allow easier access to the educational material.

- Electronic communication boards

]]> 2023-03-01 06:59:59 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499084645 Conclusion danaubin https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499106564 Orthopedic impairments cover a large range of disabilities. It would be foolish to assume that we could categorize the needs of everyone with this disability into a specific group. It isn't possible, nor is it fair.

The most important thing is to talk to your student, talk to their parents, talk to special needs professionals and work together to think how you can best accomodate the needs of said student. How can you best accomodate them on the basis of what they actually feel is best for them, and not what you heard is best. How can they feel comfortable in the classroom and best optimize their time?]]> 2023-03-01 07:24:44 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499106564 Mid Tech --- IXL for math https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499125630 2023-03-01 07:44:06 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499125630 Mid Tech-Watching videos https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499128700 2023-03-01 07:46:36 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499128700 Mid Tech-Audio Books and ReadingSoftware https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499131693 2023-03-01 07:49:24 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499131693 Mid Tech-Time Timer https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499132256 2023-03-01 07:49:56 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499132256 High Tech---Screen Readers https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499135783 2023-03-01 07:52:57 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499135783 High Tech--Visual Dictionaries https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499137521 2023-03-01 07:54:26 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499137521 High Tech --Talking Calculators https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499138826 2023-03-01 07:55:39 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499138826 High Tech--Electronic Math Worksheet /Apps SoftwareMathTalk™ Exam https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499140598 2023-03-01 07:57:11 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499140598 Online Course for educators to assist developmental delay https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499150930 2023-03-01 08:07:28 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499150930 Acute or particular issues related to developmental delay https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499156243 2023-03-01 08:12:11 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2499156243 What is Hearing Impairment? dcboyle11 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500345851 Hearing impairment is impairment of one’s hearing in one or both ears that can affect a student’s educational performance. Hearing impairments limit a person’s hearing, but do not remove it entirely. Many hearing impairments are treatable through amplification devices. Some common causes of hearing impairment include aging, noise exposure and head trauma. ]]> 2023-03-02 00:52:39 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500345851 What are the difficulties faced by students with hearing impairments? dcboyle11 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500346352 · Difficulties in speech and language, which may vary depending on the severity of the hearing impairment

· Difficulties learning to read and write

· Difficulties following verbal directions in the classroom

· Difficulties communicating with others and social withdrawal

· Emotional problems caused by a drop in self-esteem and confidence

· Exhaustion and headaches caused by trying to keep up with the class

]]> 2023-03-02 00:53:16 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500346352 What assistive technologies can be used to help our students? dcboyle11 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500346989 1. Audio induction or hearing loop.

This is a cable that goes around a designated listening area (such as a classroom) to help people using a hearing aid hear sounds more clearly by cutting or reducing background noise. A sound source, for example the teacher’s microphone, is picked up and sent into an amplifier. The hearing loop then uses a wireless signal that can be picked up by a student with a hearing aid when the hearing aid is set to the telecoil setting.

2. FM (Frequency Modulated) system

This system enables students with hearing impairments to hear their best in noisy environments, such as in a classroom. The two components of this are a microphone and transmitter worn by the teacher, and a receiver used by the listener to pick up the speaker’s voice. FM systems can be personal, where the receiver is built into a hearing aid worn by the listener, or a sound field, where the system amplifies the teachers voice through loudspeakers around the classroom.

3. Infrared system

Infrared systems transmit sound wirelessly via invisible light beams. For this system to work the receiver must be in line of sight of the light beam from the transmitter.

4. Personal amplified system

Personal amplified system (PSAP) is a device worn by the listener which contains a microphone, receiver and amplifier designed raise the volume of all sounds in an environment for the listener. These differ from other hearing aids in that PSAPs amplify all sounds, whereas a hearing aid can be programmed to amplify or mute certain sounds, such as amplifying a teacher’s voice over background classroom noises.

5. Bluetooth systems

Bluetooth systems can transmit sound via Wi-Fi directly to hearing aids that have Bluetooth. Students without hearing aids can also use a smartphone or tablet with earphones to connect to the transmitted sound.

]]> 2023-03-02 00:53:57 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500346989 What other accommodations can be used for struggling students? dcboyle11 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500347553 Other things to consider when making accommodations for students with hearing impairments include:

· Classroom seating arrangements.

Allowing hearing impaired students to sit in the front row of the class is a good way to maximize what the student can hear in the classroom. Alternative classroom layouts should also be considered. If the students seating is laid out in a horseshoe arrangement, this would allow the student to be able to see the faces of all the students and the teacher as they are speaking, which may make communication easier.

· Pacing and teacher positioning.

Teachers should avoid turning their backs to students with hearing impairments where possible, as it is important for students to be able to see the teachers face as they are speaking. Similarly, teachers should avoid standing with their back to the window or other light sources, as this will also make it difficult for the students to watch the teachers face while speaking. Teachers should also avoid too much movement while addressing the student, as the student may need to concentrate on the teachers face.

· Repetition.

Repeating questions by students before answering them.

· Using visual aids or written explanations.

Using many visual stimulants (such as pictures, videos, and diagrams) to give an explanation of the subject being taught can greatly help the student understand the lesson.

]]> 2023-03-02 00:54:36 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500347553 What is Deafness? dcboyle11 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500348476 Deafness is a profound hearing loss, that implies total or significant loss of hearing. Deafness can be caused by inner ear or nerve damage, a congenital defect, disease, injury, exposure to loud noises or ageing. Deafness occurs when a person cannot understand speech through hearing, even when sound is amplified. Profound deafness is a complete lack of hearing.]]> 2023-03-02 00:55:40 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500348476 What are the difficulties faced by students with deafness? dcboyle11 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500348945 · Delays in language learning

· Less exposure to language than hearing students

· Lack of access to language and/or assistive devices

· Students often need to learn ASL (American Sign Language) alongside learning English or other languages

· Numerical and problem-solving skills can be harder to understand

· More limited vocabulary can make self-expression more challenging

]]> 2023-03-02 00:56:16 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500348945 What assistive technologies can be used to help our students? dcboyle11 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500349374 1. Video Relay Service (VRS)

This is a video telecommunication device that allows deaf individuals to communicate with hearing people in real-time via a sign language interpreter, rather than typed text. The deaf user will sign to the interpreter, who will speak to the hearing user. The hearing user speaks to the interpreter, who will sign to the deaf user.

2. Alerting Systems

Traditionally, schools use bells or buzzers to alerts students to the time a period begins or ends, or as a warning for something more serious. For deaf students, schools can implement flashing lights or vibrating alerts.

3. Instant Messaging

Real-time type-based communication between two or more people. This can be very effective in the classroom for teachers to assign tasks or share information, and allows students to work together very efficiently.

4. FM System

This can send the teacher’s voice from a wireless microphone through FM radio waves directly to a small receiver worn by the listener. This can be used by students with a cochlear implant, a small device which can allow some deaf students to receive, and process sounds and speech.

]]> 2023-03-02 00:56:48 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500349374 What other accommodations can be used for struggling students? dcboyle11 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500349819 Deaf students often have a choice of whether they would like to attend a mainstream school or a residential Deaf school, which would offer specialized education for deaf students. Many often choose a mixed approach, where the student is educated in a mainstream school for part of their education then sent to a residential Deaf school, or vice versa.

Other classroom accommodations include:

· Communication norms in the classroom, like only one person can speak at a time

· Captioned media in the classroom

· Sign language interpreters

· Frequent breaks to avoid overwork or stress

· Extra time to process information or complete assignments

· Scribes to help make a record of what is detailed in the class

]]> 2023-03-02 00:57:16 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500349819 App: Color Blind Pal https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500548459 Available for iOS and Android, this app helps color blind people identify colors. Its also allows non-colorblinded people to see through colorblind eyes. It’s free and as a color blind person, I’ve been using it extensively the past few days. Complete game changer!]]> 2023-03-02 04:33:14 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500548459 App: BARD Mobile https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500555404 Developed by the Library of Congress and available for iOS, Google Play, and Android. Over 80,000 pieces (and growing daily) of books, sheet music, articles, magazines, and other reading material in both braille and audio formats. This unprecedented collection will help any blind students become voracious readers!]]> 2023-03-02 04:42:56 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500555404 Apps: Seeing AI (iOS) / Lookout (Android) https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500565600 These apps will help students who can still see but not well. The camera reads the objects or text in front of it and a voice says it aloud for the student to hear. Very useful for students who are not 100% blind but close to it.]]> 2023-03-02 04:55:13 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500565600 Article: Nystagmus https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500578529 Nystagmus is “an involuntary continuous wobble of the eyes.” The disorder affects 1 in 1,000 people and is one of the most common forms of childhood visual impairment. Here are 7 ways to help students with this impairment.

1. Position children so that they are most able to see the board.
2. Be on the lookout for the signs that nystagmus is getting worse during the day: stress, tiredness, fatigue, illness and excitement.
3. Lean toward games that do not require hand-eye coordination.
4. Declutter classroom so that students with nystagmus can navigate the space safely.
5. Students who have this condition find it hard to maintain eye-contact. So, cut them some slack in this area of communication.
6. Those with nystagmus often get fatigued quite easily and will need multiple rests throughout the day. Give them their space and they’ll bounce back soon enough.
7. Environmental safety is something that teachers and chaperones should have at the forefront of their minds. Keep an eye out for uneven ground, stairs, and holes in the pavement. Guide those with nystagmus around them.

]]> 2023-03-02 05:11:21 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500578529 Service: Be My Eyes https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500607089 Be My Eyes has an awesome problem. There are currently over 6 MILLION sighted volunteers ready around the clock in over 150 countries and speaking over 180 languages. The problem here? There are just under 500,000 registered blind or sight impaired users of this FREE service. This is perfect for after school homework help with blind or impaired students. Be My Eyes fosters independence and personal autonomy as a key value and hopes that the blind/impaired community can be integrated into society more than ever before.]]> 2023-03-02 05:46:09 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500607089 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500614135 2023-03-02 05:54:55 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500614135 IDEA definition: khvastovamarta https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500789474 Emotional disturbance means a condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a child's educational performance:

(A) An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors.

(B) An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers.

(D) A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression.

(E) A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems.

The term “emotional disturbance” includes schizophrenia. It does not apply to students who are socially maladjusted, unless it is determined that they have an emotional disturbance.

]]> 2023-03-02 08:54:04 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500789474 khvastovamarta https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500789983 The National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) lists six types of emotional disturbances.
These include (but are not limited to):
- Anxiety disorders
- Bipolar disorder
- Conduct disorders
- Eating disorders
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
- Psychotic disorders]]> 2023-03-02 08:54:32 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2500789983 What is considered an intellectual disability? ericwadnal https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2501112366 To have an intellectual disability means that general intellectual ability is significantly below average, inhibiting an individuals ability to function. It occurs along with deficits in adaptive behavior, which are the practical skills that one needs to function in everyday life in their environment. ]]> 2023-03-02 13:40:29 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2501112366 Assistive Technologies ericwadnal https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2501143734 Students with intellectual disabilities deal with learning disabilities, lack of cognition, and a lack of social skills. Assistive technologies can make the classroom more suitable for students for students with diverse learning needs. There are several types of tools that can be used for students with intellectual disabilities. These include:
Cognitive aids - time management tools, graphic organizers, and planners
Educational aids - screen readers, text-to-speech software, and proof-reading software
Communication aids - audio books and communication cards
Math tools - speech recognition software to do calculations on a microphone]]> 2023-03-02 14:01:26 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2501143734 Co:Writer Application ericwadnal https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2501154710 Co:Writer can be very useful for students with intellectual disabilities when they are reading or writing. The app can be used for word prediction, it has very flexible spell-correction, includes speech-to-text and text-to-speech, and also has several types of dictionaries. ]]> 2023-03-02 14:08:29 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2501154710 Graphic organizers ericwadnal https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2501165408 This website includes a variety of examples and applications of graphic organizers that can be used for students with cognitive disabilities. ]]> 2023-03-02 14:13:46 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2501165408 3-Dimensional Venn Diagram ericwadnal https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2501168688 2023-03-02 14:15:42 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2501168688 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2502176464 IDEA definition: means simultaneous impairments (for example, intellectual disability with blindness or intellectual disability with an orthopedic impairment), the combination of which causes such severe educational needs that they cannot be accommodated in special education programs solely for one of the impairments. The term does not include deaf-blindness.]]> 2023-03-03 05:15:19 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2502176464 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2502181377 About Students With Multiple Disabilities:

70 percent of these students have visual impairment as one of their disabilities. These students generally need much more support than the other categories.

Students with multiple disabilities face a range of challenges, including communication difficulties, physical limitations, complex learning needs, social isolation, behavioral challenges, and health issues.

Addressing these challenges requires a collaborative approach and individualized education plans that meet the unique needs of each student.]]> 2023-03-03 05:20:46 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2502181377 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2502195891 Causes
These are usually caused by:
- Chromosomal abnormalities
- Premature Birth
- Difficulties after birth
- Poor development of the brain or spinal cord
- Infections
- Genetic disorders
- Injuries]]> 2023-03-03 05:40:41 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2502195891 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2502206186 Assistive Technologies and Accommodations

Because of the variety of disabilities that also belong to this category, it really depends on what the individuals needs are.

These are some assistive technologies you might consider:
- Communication devices: Students who have difficulty speaking or communicating may benefit from communication devices, such as speech-generating devices or picture communication systems.
- Assistive technology for mobility: Those who have physical disabilities may require assistive technology to help them move around, such as wheelchairs.
- Environmental controls: Some may require specialized environmental controls to access their learning environment, such as adaptive switches or voice-activated devices.
- Assistive technology for vision: Students with visual impairments may require assistive technology, such as screen readers, braille displays, or magnification software.

There are also a variety of accommodations that can be made:
- Adaptations to the curriculum: They may require adaptations to the curriculum to meet their unique needs, such as simplified language, visual supports, or modified assignments.
- Personal care assistance, such as help with feeding, toileting, or dressing, to be able to participate fully in their learning and daily activities.
- Collaboration with other professionals: such as occupational therapists, physical therapists, or speech therapists, to support their learning and development.]]> 2023-03-03 05:55:05 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2502206186 A Story from A Parent's Point of View https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2502208173 2023-03-03 05:57:37 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2502208173 A Glimpse at a classroom set up for Multiple Disabilities https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2502212397 An interesting article writtten by a teacher who has set up her classroom to accommodate multiple disabilities.]]> 2023-03-03 06:03:40 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2502212397 Assisstive technologies and accommodations - anxiety khvastovamarta https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2502228091 Accommodations:

Extra time and warnings before transitions
Preferential seating (near the door, near the front of the room, near the teacher’s desk)
Clearly stated and written expectations (behavioral and academic)
Frequent check-ins for understanding
Not requiring to read aloud or work at the board in front of the class
Video taped presentations or presenting in front of the teacher (instead of the whole class)
Extended time for tests
Tests taken in a separate, quiet environment (to reduce performance pressure and distraction)
Word banks and equation sheets: These are useful for children with test anxiety, who tend to “go blank” when taking a test. Using one notecard for important facts, dates, etc. can also be helpful.
“Cool down passes” to take a break from the classroom. This should be clearly explained to the student. Examples might include a walk down the hallway, getting water, standing outside the classroom door for a few minutes, completing coloring pages in the back of the room, or using a mindfulness app with headphones.
Breaking down assignments into smaller pieces
Modified tests and homework
Set reasonable time limits for homework
Record class lectures or use a scribe for notes
Preferential group (teacher or adult child knows well) for field trips
Preferential seating in large assemblies (near the back of the room)
Identify one adult at school to seek help from when feeling anxious (school counselor, if available)
Buddy system: Pair student with a peer to assist with transitions to lunch and recess (these less structured situations can trigger anxious feelings)
Help after illness: Missed work can spike anxious feelings. Providing class notes and exempting students from missed homework can help.
Substitute teachers: Letting the child or family know when a substitute will be in the classroom can help the child prepare.

Assisstive technologies:

Mobile applications:

http://www.moodtrack.com/ - allows to track and graph moods as well as connect with other users.
https://www.headspace.com/headspace-meditation-app - The Headspace application can help reduce anxiety and stress and improve well-being by guiding users through meditation sessions.

]]> 2023-03-03 06:24:55 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2502228091 Assisstive technologies and accommodations - OCD khvastovamarta https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2502272750 Common interventions and accommodations for children with OCD include but are not limited to the following:

Counseling (individual or group) (it will be important to determine if this type of therapy is specific to OCD or more supportive in nature)
Changes in the amount of time available to take tests
Changes in where tests will be taken
Provision of frequent breaks during instruction
Shortened assignments
A behavior improvement plan
Preferential seating
Transition plans
A special pass to use the restroom/office

Assistive technologies:

Due to obsessions and compulsions, people who have obsessive compulsive disorder may have trouble concentrating. In classrooms and meetings, this may cause those with OCD to not follow what is being said or not be able to take accurate notes. A recording device can allow a person with OCD to go over recorded moments with less pressure and more control.

Mobile applications:

https://onemindpsyberguide.org/apps/ggoc-app-review/

GG OCD aims to improve symptoms of OCD, specifically negative thinking, by increasing the user’s awareness of negative thoughts and training the brain to challenge them.

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.t2health.breathe2relax&hl=en

Breathe2Relax is a portable stress management tool which provides detailed information on the effects of stress on the body and instructions and practice exercises to help users learn the stress management skill called diaphragmatic breathing.

]]> 2023-03-03 07:20:39 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2502272750 What are the difficulties faced by students with development delay? https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503307288 2023-03-04 05:42:30 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503307288 What is a Specific Learning Disability? ethanjohnmiller https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503320061 "The term 'specific learning disability' means a disorder in 1 or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, which disorder may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations." - IDEA section 1401

This includes, but is not necessarily limited to, dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia.

.jpg generated by OpenArt AI]]> 2023-03-04 06:41:32 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503320061 Diagnosing Specific Learning Disabilities ethanjohnmiller https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503325593 There are 4 criteria which must be met in order to diagnose an SLD.

1. Difficulty with at least one of the following: reading, reading comprehension, spelling, writing, number concepts or calculation, mathematical reasoning.

2. Academic achievement is significantly lower than peers.

3. Difficulties manifest during school age.

4. Difficulties are not associated with other disabilities listed in this padlet, or related to economic/environmental disadvantage, poor instruction, or those associated with being an English Language Learner.

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. (DSM-5) American Psychiatric Association Publishing. 2013]]> 2023-03-04 07:03:48 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503325593 Treating Specific Learning Disabilities ethanjohnmiller https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503413863 Dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia can be treated by first evaluating students early, properly diagnosing, and then applying educational intervention. Evaluations are necessary for identification and determination of the severity, and an Individual Education Plan is created to ensure students have an equal opportunity to succeed.

For dyslexia, educators can focus on using multisensory teaching techniques, text to speech and/or audio books, counseling, word games, teamed reading, and peer tutoring. Dyslexia specialist can also be called upon to support diagnosed students with 1 to 1 support. Students with dyslexia will also need extra time for tests and other class work.

For dyscalculia, educators can focus on using student dry erase boards, allowing the use of calculators, using visual representations of math problems whenever possible, and playing math games. Again, dyscalculia sufferers should be allowed extra time to complete testing, and benefit from 1 to 1 time for checking work, as they work.

Dysgraphia effects fine motor skills, and so educators can take steps to remove barriers that would be acutely unfair to these students. For instance, removing penmanship or neatness from grading rubrics, providing slides or notes that would otherwise be handwritten in class, allow students to submit audio instead of written work, and allowing students to type assignments.]]> 2023-03-04 11:12:58 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503413863 Technological Accommodations for SLD ethanjohnmiller https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503416715 Video and audio tools can help to relieve some of the set backs students face when suffering from dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia. For instance, allowing students to listen to a book on tape, instead of reading can help to accommodate students with dyslexia. Teachers can use video to help demonstrate, visually, mathematical concepts that would otherwise confuse and frustrate students with dyscalculia.

For dysgraphia, teachers could simply allow students to forgo hand written assignments and tests; instead letting students use a laptop for all of their work. Typing on a computer, or drawing in MS Paint, requires fewer fine motor skills than writing or drawing by hand.]]> 2023-03-04 11:22:25 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503416715 What is Deaf-Blindness https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503500351 Deaf-Blindness is the combination of hearing and visual impairment. It is also known as "dual sensory loss" or "multi-sensory impairment." People with Deaf-Blindness suffer from little or no useful hearing and little or no useful sight. Each individual possesses different degrees of vision and auditory loss and as such have their own individual needs.]]> 2023-03-04 14:55:56 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503500351 Incidence https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503502985 Deaf-Blindness has a low incidence rate, meaning that there are less than 1% of deafblind students in the school-aged population.]]> 2023-03-04 15:02:00 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503502985 https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503504734 2023-03-04 15:06:13 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503504734 Other Accomodations https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503515787 Tactile Learning Strategies

Since children with deaf-blindness have residual hearing and vision, tactile learning strategies are important to incorporate their remaining senses such as smell, taste and proprioception (also known as kinaesthesia, the sense of self-movement, force and body position eg. being able to walk or kick without looking at your feet)

Some tactile learning strategies are:

Hand-Under-Hand Interactions
- A teacher gently places their hand under the students to help guide the students tactile exploration. Teachers are also able to feel where the student shows interest and follow along.

Tactile Modeling
- A teacher demonstrates an activity for a student by having that student feel the teachers actions by touching parts of the body or objects involved in the action. For example, a teacher guides a students hands in feeling the shapes of a shape puzzle and places the shape in the corresponding hole. The teacher then guides the students hands to another shape and says "Your turn."

Mutual Tactile Attention
- Joint attention and sharing an activity or object through non-controlling mutual touch. Mutual tactile attention encourages the student's involvement in social interaction. This is especially important for students whose condition renders them unable to understand speech because of sensory impairment or developmental level. For example, when a student is playing with a toy, a teacher may touch the students hand and the toy, which communicates, "May I play with you?"]]> 2023-03-04 15:28:53 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503515787 Example of Hand-Under-Hand Interactions https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503516506 2023-03-04 15:30:16 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503516506 Example of Tactile Modeling https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503517186 2023-03-04 15:31:51 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503517186 Assistive Technologies https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503520048 Since deafblind students suffer from various levels of both visual and hearing impairment there are a variety of assistive technologies to maximize both of these senses.

Vision
- Slant Boards
Reading stand or slanted board to bring materials closer to the student.

- Reading Guide
A kind of highlighting ruler that focuses the student on a specific area of text when reading.

- Hand-held Magnifiers
Magnifies objects, images and text

- Video Magnifiers
A camera that is used to enlarge and project an image onto a screen.

- Screen Magnifiers
A program that can magnify images on a computer.

- Telescopes
To enhance a students distant vision.

- Various Computer Software and Hardware
Examples include accessibility features on a device to improve clarity of the screen, text to speech, image to speech, large monitors or large print keyboards.

- Tablets
Provide access to instructional materials and often come with in-built accessibility features.

- Braille Devices
Provides students with an alternate way to read and reduce eye fatigue.

Hearing
- FM Systems
Radio systems that allow a teacher to transmit sound directly to a students ear, hearing aid or cochlear implant.

- Sound-Field systems
A wireless microphone worn by a teacher transmitting to speakers placed around the classroom to amplify the teachers voice.

- Captioning
Converting audio into text.

- Video Relay Service
Using an interpreter to translate sign language into speech through the use of telephone communicationg and video.

- Alerting Devices
Lights or vibrations intended to alert a person with hearing loss that a sound has occurred such as a fire alarm or knock at the door.

Both
- Syncing Assistive Listening and Speech Output Devices
Apps, features or programs that provide text to speech or image to speech capabilities can be synced to the student's assistive listening device. This allows students that have severe visual and hearing impairment to use a device to take a picture of text or an image and have the device transmit the result to their fm system, hearing aid or cochlear implant.]]> 2023-03-04 15:38:13 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503520048 What is Other Health Impairment? https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503539319 The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act states that "Other health impairment means having limited strength, vitality, or alertness, including a heightened alertness to environmental stimuli, that results in limited alertness with respect to the educational environment..."

Some examples provided in the act include asthma, attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, diabetes, epilepsy, a heart condition, hemophilia, lead poisoning, leukemia, nephritis, rheumatic fever, sickle cell anemia, and Tourette syndrome.]]> 2023-03-04 16:14:51 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503539319 Incidence https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503541184 In 2020-21 the National Center for Education Statistics reported that 15% of special education students were classified under Other Health Impairment in the United States.]]> 2023-03-04 16:18:45 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503541184 Categories of Speech and Language Impairments in Children lemeichi https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503630464 Articulation, fluency, voice, and language are the four major areas of speech and language disorders.
1. Articulation:
Speech impairments where the child produces sounds incorrectly (e.g., lisp, difficulty articulating certain sounds, such as “l” or “r”);

2. Fluency:
Speech impairments where a child’s flow of speech is disrupted by sounds, syllables, and words that are repeated, prolonged, or avoided and where there may be silent blocks or inappropriate inhalation, exhalation, or phonation patterns;

3. Voice:
Sppeech impairments where the child’s voice has an abnormal quality to its pitch, resonance, or loudness; and

4. Language:
Lannguage impairments where the child has problems expressing needs, ideas, or information, and/or in understanding what others say.

]]> 2023-03-04 20:16:49 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503630464 Definition of “Speech or Language Impairment” under IDEA. lemeichi https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503631635 The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, or IDEA, defines the term “speech or language impairment” as follows:

“(11) Speech or language impairment means a communication disorder, such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.”
_{[34 CFR §300.8(c)(11]}]]> 2023-03-04 20:19:56 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503631635 Phases of Learning about Child's Speech, Language and Hearing Development lemeichi https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503643126 Phases:
Birth to One Year
One to Two Years
Two to Three Years
Three to Four Years
Four to Five Years

Children develop at their own rate. These charts tell you when most children who speak only one language will reach each milestone. Your child should master the skills listed by the time they reach the top of the age range. Missing one skill in the age range does not mean they have a problem. You may want to seek help if you answer "no" to most of the skills.]]> 2023-03-04 21:00:44 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503643126 The Interventions can be used for Speech and language impairment: lemeichi https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503645602 1. Speech and language therapy:
It can help students with speech and language impairments improve their communication skills and language development.

2. Phonics and phonemic awareness instruction:
These instructional strategies can assist students with speech and language impairments in developing phonological awareness skills that will assist them in reading, writing, and communication.

3. Social skills training:
Students with speech and language impairment may have difficulty with social interaction and communication. Social skills training can assist them in improving their social skills and peer communication.]]> 2023-03-04 21:09:57 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503645602 Causes of Speech and Language Impairment lemeichi https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503646214 Hearing loss, neurological disorders, brain injury, intellectual disabilities, physical impairments, drug abuse, and vocal misuse are all potential causes of speech and language disorders. Communication disorders affect one out of every ten people in the United States, and many children with speech or language impairments are enrolled in special education programs. Stuttering, dysarthria, and articulation or phonological disorders are examples of common speech disorders.]]> 2023-03-04 21:12:24 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503646214 The Accommodations can be used for Speech and language impairment: lemeichi https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503648075 1. Preferential seating:
Giving students with speech and language impairments preferential seating can help them hear and understand instructions and classroom discussions better.

2. Assignment and assessment time extensions:
Students with speech and language impairments may require additional time to process information and complete assignments and assessments.

3. Visual aids:
Students with speech and language impairments can benefit from visual aids such as pictures, diagrams, and graphic organizers to help them understand and retain information.]]> 2023-03-04 21:19:43 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503648075 The Assistive Technology (AT) can be used for Speech and Language impairment lemeichi https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503649417 1. Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices:

Text-to-speech software, communication boards, and voice amplifiers are examples of AAC devices that can help students with speech and language impairments communicate more effectively.

2. Speech recognition software:
Students with speech and language impairments can use this software to create written documents and communicate more effectively.

3. Educational apps:
Many educational apps are available to assist students with speech and language impairments in practicing and improving their language and communication skills.

AT is frequently the key to assisting students in participating in the give and take of shared thought, completing schoolwork, and demonstrating their learning.

]]> 2023-03-04 21:24:58 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503649417 Speech-language Pathology Services defined by IDEA lemeichi https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503650470 Students with a speech or language impairment will need speech-language pathology services. This related service is defined by IDEA as follows:

(15) Speech-language pathology services includes—

(i) Identification of children with speech or language impairments;

(ii) Diagnosis and appraisal of specific speech or language impairments;

(iii) Referral for medical or other professional attention necessary for the habilitation of speech or language impairments;

(iv) Provision of speech and language services for the habilitation or prevention of communicative impairments; and

(v) Counseling and guidance of parents, children, and teachers regarding speech and language impairments.
_{[34 CFR §300.34(c)(15)]}

]]> 2023-03-04 21:29:43 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503650470 7 Tips for Teachers to help Speech and Language Impairment students: lemeichi https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503655978 1. Learn everything you can about the student's particular disability:
To understand the specific impairment and how it affects the student's communication abilities.

2. Recognize your own influence to make a huge difference in student's life:
Determine and emphasize the student's strengths and interests, create chances for success.

3. Learn more about the student's background:
By requesting a copy of his or her IEP, the student's educational goals, as well as the services and classroom accommodations he or she is to receive, will be listed.

4. Establish the necessary accommodations for classwork, homework, and testing.

5. Consult with others who can assist you in identifying teaching strategies:
Special educators and SLPs, for example, can assist you in assisting this student, modifying the curriculum, and addressing the student's IEP goals in your classroom.

6. Seeking external resources:
Find out whether your state/ country or school district has materials or resources to assist educators in meeting the learning needs of children with speech or language impairments.

7. Communicate with the student's parents:
Share information about how the student is doing at school and at home on a regular basis.]]> 2023-03-04 21:51:43 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503655978 References lemeichi https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503656298 _{1. Center for Parent Information and Resources. “Speech and Language Impairments | Center for Parent Information and Resources.”}_{Parentcenterhub.org}_{, 2015, www.parentcenterhub.org/speechlanguage/.
2. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. “How Does Your Child Hear and Talk? Speech, Language, and Hearing Developmental Milestones from Birth to 5 Years.”}_Asha.org_{, 2009, www.asha.org/public/speech/development/chart/.
3. “Communication / Speech / Language Disorders.”}_{Www.kennedykrieger.org}_{, www.kennedykrieger.org/patient-care/conditions/communication-speech-language-disorders#:~:text=Some%20causes%20of%20speech%20and.}]]> 2023-03-04 21:53:01 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2503656298 Assistive Technologies https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2504024885 The disabilities considered under other health impairment effects the students strength, vitality and alertness in a way that negatively effects their learning ability.

Because of this, assistive technologies aim to make tasks that require these aspects of learning easier.

- Speech Recognition Software
Helps to take notes automatically for the student.

- Specialty Keyboards
These may be ergonomically designed, one-handed, expanded or miniature to accommodate the student and help reduce fatigue.

- Teaching Environments to Reduce Fatigue
This may include ergonomic chairs, easily accessible classrooms or motorized transport for the student. Any technology that reduces the physical strength required to attend class.]]> 2023-03-05 16:10:46 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2504024885 Other Accommodations https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2504030683 Other accommodations follow the same guidelines as assistive technology to help students with other health impairment.

- Note Takers
People that take notes for the students.

- Recorded Class Sessions
Allows students to listen to classes multiple times if needed or pause a class to take a break.

- Flexible Attendance Requirements
Allows students to choose a time when they feel well enough to maximize learning.

- Extended Time for classwork, homework and tests.
Students with other health impairment may take longer to complete these tasks.

- Alternative Testing Arrangements
Could be extra time allowed to take tests, online tests from the comfort of home or perhaps assignments that can be done in the students own time as an alternative to a test.

- Classrooms Designed for Students with Heightened Alertness
Minimally designed classrooms to reduce extra stimuli for students with heightened alertness. Allowing them to focus on the class.

]]> 2023-03-05 16:21:35 UTC https://padlet.com/danielemoretti/dx0smyfyx0itmgoa/wish/2504030683