Radicals take control- small numbers of devoted, disciplined radicals govern.

War (civil and foreign)

Centralization of power in a revolutionary council dominated by a strong man.

Forced conformity or punishment.

Radicals take control- During the 18th century, a colony of the Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil became the seat of the Portuguese colonial Empire in 1808 when the Portuguese prince regent, later King Dom João 5th, fled from Napoleon’s invasion of Portugal and established himself and his government in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. Later on September 7, 1822, Pedro declared the independence of Brazil and after getting a successful war against his father’s kingdom, was acclaimed on October 12 as Pedro I, the first Emperor of Brazil. The new country was huge but sparsely populated and ethnically diverse.

Slow, Uneven Return to Quieter Timers - first convalescence from the fever of revolution

Moderates Rule (again) - new norms established between different factions 

Aggressive Nationalism

Resolution - implement intended change

first convalescence from the fever of revolution- Brazil enacts a constitution, the first of seven the country will come to have. This will be one of the first enacts constitutions . Although slavery was not mentioned.

Politically weak - the government is ineffective and cannot enforce policy; inept ruler

3. Intellectual desert old regime - reformers speak out against the government 

4. Class Antagonism - there is a conflict between the old regime and new forces within the state

Symbolic actions- The cause of Pedro staying made some people happy and others mad making a new government and changing the way there ideals of there government scared many.

Role of Force- King Dom made his son have the power and later came to Portugal. Jorge Avilez become the ruler of the military which some clamed had to much power over the rulers and the people

Moderates Attain power- Helping to split the power but also contiues to have a Mochary which made it hard they wanted everyone to have a stay and different form of power