Neurons by Geraldina Barahona https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6 Anatomy and Functions en-us 2021-06-15 16:17:17 UTC 2025-12-08 12:14:06 UTC hello@padlet.com https://www.innovateli.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/BRAIN-NEURONS-2-777x437.jpg ANATOMY OF A NEURON geraldinebarahona https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1607973634 2021-06-15 16:23:19 UTC https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1607973634 Neuron geraldinebarahona https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1607991387 The Nervous System is made up of billions of neurons.
Strucrure:

  • Cell body: the central part of any cell is the soma, which contains the nucleus being the genetic material (contained in the chromosomes).
  • Dendrite: Neurons have a large number of extensions called dendrites. Often there are branches or points extending out of the cell body. The surfaces of the dendrites are mainly where chemical messages from other neurons are received. 
  • Axon: Neurons contain an extension that is different from all the other cells, this extension is named as axon. The function of the axon is to transmit an electrochemical signal to other neurons, sometimes at a considerable distance. A neuron´s axon can measure up to one-meter-long, it can go from the spinal cord to the feet.
  • Myelin; The axons are coated with a layer of myelin, a series of cells that surround the axon (Schwann cells). That makes the axon look like a chain of the sausages, which have a function of covering the electrical impulses (similar to the isolation of electric cables).
  • Node of Ranvier: Are the spaces between the myelin coating on the neuron's axon. Electricity travels through the axon (wrapped in myelin). In Ranvier's nodes, electricity can be conducted inside the cell, and the electrical signal is propagated by the axon.
  • Axon terminal: This is where the electrochemical signal that has traveled the length of the axon becomes a chemical message that travels to the next neuron. 
 
]]> 2021-06-15 16:30:03 UTC https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1607991387 Basic Functions of a Neuron geraldinebarahona https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1608028833 The neuron is the basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.]]> 2021-06-15 16:46:09 UTC https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1608028833 Classification according to the structure of the neuron: geraldinebarahona https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1610806246 Structural classification of neurons is based upon the number of processes that extend out from the cell body. Three major groups arise from this classification: multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar neurons.

 1. Multipolar: Multipolar neurons are recognized because they have three or more parts (processes) which extend from the cell body.

2. Bipolar: Bipolar neurons have only two parts (processes) that extend in opposite directions from the body of the cell, an element called dendrite and another axon. Although this type of neurons is rare, they are found in the retina of the eye and the olfactory system.

3. Unipolar: Unipolar neurons have a unique and short part (process) that extends from the cell body and then branches into two more parts (processes) that extend in opposite directions.

]]> 2021-06-16 20:45:40 UTC https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1610806246 Classification according to the function of the neuron geraldinebarahona https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1610812457

  • Sensory: Sensory neurons deliver electrical signals from the outer parts of the body — the glands, muscles, and skin — into the CNS.

  • Motor: Motor neurons carry signals from the CNS to the outside parts of the body.
  • Receptors: Receptor neurons sense the environment (light, sound, touch, and chemicals) around you and convert it into electrochemical energy that is sent by sensory neurons.
  • Interneurons: Interneurons sends messages from one neuron to another.

]]> 2021-06-16 20:50:50 UTC https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1610812457 Reflex arc geraldinebarahona https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1610820635 The different types of neurons work together in a reflex action. A reflex action is an automatic (involuntary) and rapid response to a stimulus, which minimises any damage to the body from potentially harmful conditions, such as touching something hot. Reflex actions are therefore essential to the survival of many organisms.
A reflex action follows this general sequence and does not involve the conscious part of the brain. This is why the response is so fast.




]]> 2021-06-16 20:57:43 UTC https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1610820635 Neurotransmitter geraldinebarahona https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1610825064 A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that carries, boosts, and balances signals between neurons (also known as nerve cells) and target cells throughout the body. These target cells may be in glands, muscles, or other neurons.

Neurons are not simply connected to one another. At the end of each neuron is a tiny gap called a synapse and in order to communicate with the next cell, the signal needs to be able to cross this small space. This occurs through a process known as neurotransmission.
A neurotransmitter influences a neuron in one of three ways: excitatory, inhibitory or modulatory.]]> 2021-06-16 21:01:29 UTC https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1610825064 Neurotransmitters Classifiation based on their function: geraldinebarahona https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1610844306
  • Excitatory neurotransmitters increase electrical excitability on the post-synaptic side through modulation of the trans-membrane ion flow to facilitate transmission of an action potential.
  • Inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease electrical excitability on the post-synaptic side to prevent propagation of an action potential.
  • Neuromodulators function to alter the strength of transmission between neurons by affecting the amount of neurotransmitter that is produced and released.

    • ]]>     2021-06-16 21:17:23 UTC https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1610844306     Conclussion geraldinebarahona https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1610852582 Synapses are fundamental information-processing units of the brain,also are part of the circuit that connects sensory organs, like those that detect pain or touch.  If there is no synapses, there are no connections, and this is an important process of the memory formation.



    ]]>     2021-06-16 21:25:31 UTC https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1610852582     geraldinebarahona https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1610880850 Synapse explanation.]]> 2021-06-16 21:50:33 UTC https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1610880850 References geraldinebarahona https://padlet.com/geraldinebarahona/dwahhgl8yvgowmn6/wish/1615130080 Healthline. Medically reviewed by Seunggu Han, M.D.  — Written by Carly Vandiergrient — Updated on July 20, 2018
    https://www.healthline.com/health/neurons


    Synapses: the building blocks of memory. Danobe Nutrica Research.2021.

    https://www.nutriciaresearch.com/alzheimers-disease/synapses-the-building-blocks-of-memory/


    Neurotransmitters.Teach me Physiology.Part of the Teachme Series.

    https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/components/neurotransmitters/

















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