The pre-operational stage (2-7 years) is when children develop language and imagination but struggle with logic.

Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years) is when children develop logical thinking with tangible objects but struggle with abstract ideas.

The formal Operational Stage (12+ years) is when adolescents develop abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning.

Schemas: Mental frameworks for organizing and interpreting information.

Assimilation: Process of incorporating new information into existing schemas.

Accommodation: Process of modifying existing schemas to fit new information.

-Personalize Mind Map

Example:

Schemas: my picture idea of "animals" including dog and cat, rabbit. When I was a little girl, I encountered a new animal that fit this schema, they might label it as a dog.

Assimilation: when I see a cat for the first time but call it a dog because it has fur and four legs, I am assimilating the new experience into the existing schema for dogs.

Accommodation: However, when I learned that cats are different from dogs because they meow instead of bark and have different features, I accommodated their schema by creating a new category for cats.