https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75 Reviewing al lesson in Biology en-us 2017-01-06 15:52:52 UTC 2017-01-26 00:25:30 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Beartoy.png stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145717072 All living things exhibit several basic life characteristics:

]]> 2017-01-06 15:55:34 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145717072 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145718479
*unicellular-one celled
*multicellular-many called with levels of organization
(cells~tissues~organs~
systems~organism)]]> 2017-01-06 16:00:01 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145718479 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145718766 *asexual-offspring are genetic clones of parent

*sexual-offspring have genetic variation from parents]]> 2017-01-06 16:01:11 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145718766 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145719205 *energy is required for life processes
*autotrophs make their own food (photosynthesis/chemosynthesis)
*heterotrophs eat other organisms for food 

]]> 2017-01-06 16:02:52 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145719205 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145719913 *maintenance or regulation of body conditions such as body temperature, blood sugar level, water balance (osmoregulation via contractile vacuole)]]> 2017-01-06 16:05:26 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145719913 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145720728 2017-01-06 16:08:19 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145720728 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145720851 *DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid- is the genetic material that codes for proteins of all organisms. The genetic code is "universal"]]> 2017-01-06 16:08:51 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145720851 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145721401 *responding to the biotic and abiotic factors in the environment are key to survival ]]> 2017-01-06 16:10:52 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145721401 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145721809 *growth- increase in the amount of living matter either by cell division or cell enlargement 
*development- any change from conception to death - embryonic, puberty, aging ]]> 2017-01-06 16:12:23 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145721809 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145722706 *adaptations- structures, behaviors, or processes that aid in an organism survival are passed on from parent to offspring ]]> 2017-01-06 16:15:16 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145722706 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145723261 *Organisms are composed of organic compounds: carbon containing compounds that can be very large macromolecules
*Macromolecules are often built by dehydration synthesis and polymerization ]]> 2017-01-06 16:16:55 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145723261 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145724094 2017-01-06 16:19:23 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145724094 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145724268 compounds of monosaccharides primarily glucose (energy) ]]> 2017-01-06 16:19:51 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145724268 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145724599 composed of fatty acid tails, joined to glycerol, can also include the steroids (stores energy, insulation, water proofing) ]]> 2017-01-06 16:20:50 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145724599 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145725119 composed of amino acids (20 different types)- do most of the work in organisms and are major structural components (transport, structure, communication) ]]> 2017-01-06 16:22:28 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145725119 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145725667 are composed of nucleotides- either DNA or RNA (Genetic Information) ]]> 2017-01-06 16:24:15 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145725667 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145726252 is the chemistry of life- all metabolism is controlled by the action of enzymes ]]> 2017-01-06 16:26:09 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145726252 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145726576 ---Enzymes are proteins that function to speed up chemical reactions in the cell. They gave a specific shape and interact with a specific substrate which binds at the active site. ]]> 2017-01-06 16:27:18 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145726576 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145727245 ---Enzymes are reusable and are not changed during a chemical reaction. They can be damaged at temperature and pH extremes. ]]> 2017-01-06 16:29:44 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/145727245 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/146565043 is the study of interactions between organisms and the environment ]]> 2017-01-11 16:35:43 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/146565043 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/146565589 Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community 
Population 
Organism ]]> 2017-01-11 16:36:56 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/146565589 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/146565962 ~We study and organisms habitat, niche, and trophic level 
~Populations-are members of the same species living in the same place at the same time with the potential to interbreed ]]> 2017-01-11 16:38:00 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/146565962 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/146566757 -Global Warming (Carbon Dioxide...burning of fossil fuels)
-Ozone Layer (CFCs) 
-Acid Rain (Factories and Power Plants...nitric acid and sulfuric acid) 
-Deforestation (Erosion, increase of Carbon Dioxide) ]]> 2017-01-11 16:39:57 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/146566757 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147072117 Population growth- exponential (J-Shape) and logistic (S-Shape) 
*Limited by factors like disease and competition that are density-dependent or by density-independent factors like natural disaster. 
*Carrying capacity is seen in logistic growth- the maximum number the environment can support.]]> 2017-01-13 15:44:49 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147072117 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147072963 Community Interactions 
*Competition- intraspecific (same species) or interspecific (diff sp) 
*Symbiosis- parasitism (+,-), commensalism (+,0), and mutualism (+,+) ]]> 2017-01-13 15:47:50 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147072963 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147864280 Ecosystem Level- food chains and webs and matter recycling ]]> 2017-01-18 16:27:42 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147864280 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147864571 Cell Theory-3 parts
1) cells are basic unit of life 
2) cells come from existing cells 
3) all organisms are composed of cells ]]> 2017-01-18 16:28:27 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147864571 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147865435 Prokaryotic versus Eukaryotic

**Both have ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell membrane, DNA 
~~Prokaryotic~~
A) simple
B)has no nucleus 
C)has no MB organelles 
D)includes bacteria
~~Eukaryotic~~
A)complex
B)has a MB nucleus 
C)has MB organelles 
D)includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals  


]]> 2017-01-18 16:30:31 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147865435 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147867027 Organelles- compartments for carrying out specific jobs/ chemical reactions

1)chloroplasts- photosynthesis 
2)mitochondria- cellular respiration 
3)ribosomes- protein synthesis 
4)vacuoles- storage 
5)nucleus- contains DNA and controls cells actions 
6)nucleolus- site of ribosome formation ]]> 2017-01-18 16:34:53 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147867027 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147868448 Plant versus Animal

~~Plant~~
A) has no wall 
B) has chloroplasts 
C) has large vacuole
~~Animal~~ 
A) no cell wall 
B) has no chloroplast 
C) has small vacuoles ]]> 2017-01-18 16:38:41 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147868448 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147916561 -plasma membrane controls homeostasis (balance)
-structure- composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins "gates" ]]> 2017-01-18 18:52:59 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147916561 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147917738 Function- acts as a selectively permeable boundary around the cell ]]> 2017-01-18 18:55:54 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147917738 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147918212 Types of Passive Transport- no energy required
1) Diffusion- moves substances from high to low concentrations down their concentration gradient
2) Osmosis- the diffusion of water from high to lower concentration down its concentration gradient 
Water always goes to the Salt/Sugar. ]]> 2017-01-18 18:57:01 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147918212 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147919707 Ex) cell in salt water- shrivels
Ex) cell in fresh water swells
3) Facilitated diffusion- movement of a substance down its concentration through a transport protein channel ]]> 2017-01-18 19:00:52 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147919707 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147920478 Active Transport- requires energy ATP- moves substances against the concentration gradient from high to low concentrations ]]> 2017-01-18 19:03:04 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147920478 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147942912 - The process used by producers to convert sunlight to chemical energy in glucose 
- Overall equation: 6CO2 + 6H2) + Sunlight = C6H12O6  + 6O2 
- Chloroplast are the cellular site of photosynthesis. The light reaction (aka Light Dependent Reaction) of photosynthesis occurs on the inner membrane called the thylakoid. The drak reaction (aka Light Independent Reaction, Calvin Cycle) occurs in the stroma 
- Plants use Carbon Dioxide give off Oxygen during Photosynthesis 
- Pigments absorb light energy 
- Chlorophyll/ carotenoids ]]> 2017-01-18 20:12:10 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147942912 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147944796                               Input                            Output 
Light Reaction  light, water O2, ATP, NADPH
Dark Reaction    NADPH, ATP, CO2      Glucose   ]]> 2017-01-18 20:18:31 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/147944796 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148386996 -Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms break down food to release its energy. This energy is then stored in ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) ]]> 2017-01-20 15:26:55 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148386996 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148387660 Three parts to ATP 
1)adenine (Nitrogen base) 
2)ribose (5-C sugar) 
3)3 phosphates (high energy) 


ATP/ADP cycle--- when energy is needed for cell work ATP loses a phosphate to become ADP 


Overall equations::: 
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP ]]> 2017-01-20 15:28:59 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148387660 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148388986 Respiration can be aerobic or anaerobic

Aerobic                                                      Anaerobic
~O2 required most are aerobes ~no O2 required few anaerobes
~38 ATP  (yeast/bacteria)
~3 steps  ~2 ATP
-glycolysis ~2 steps
-Krebs cycle  -glycolysis, fermentation
-Electron Transport Chain   (alcoholic and lactic acid)

]]> 2017-01-20 15:33:11 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148388986 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148391240 ---Glycolysis is the first step of both 
----If no oxygen is present after glycolysis, then fermentation occurs 
----If oxygen is present, then the Krebs cycle and e-transport occurs in the mitochondria ]]> 2017-01-20 15:39:21 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148391240 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148392654 ~DNA and RNA are composed of nucleotides ~
DNA                                            RNA
Deoxyribose                             Ribose
A, C, G                                      A, C, G 
Thymine                                    Uracil 
Double Helix  Single helix
Codes for proteins/ RNA  Copy of DNA info ]]> 2017-01-20 15:42:41 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148392654 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148394224 First step of replication or transcription is unzipping (using the enzyme Helicase) the Weak Hydrogen Bonds
~~~~~~~~~~~
Replication- the process used by the cells to copy DNA-enzyme unzips DNA and each side of the ladder
Use the N-base pairing rules: A-T; C-G 
---The pairs % or amounts must be equal (ex. 36% Adenine; therefore, 36% Thymine) 


Ex. TACGGC (old strand) Semi- Conservative ATGCCTG (new strand) ]]> 2017-01-20 15:46:58 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148394224 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148405739 Transcription- the process of making RNA from DNA

Ex) TACGGAC (template DNA strand) AUGCCUG (RNA built)
-3 types of RNA have a role in protein synthesis
1)mRNA- messenger- blueprint for how to build protein
2)tRNA- transfer- transfer- carries amino acids to ribosome
3)rRNA- ribosomal- mkaes up a ribosome

Translation- the process of building a protein by matching codons in mRNA to anticodons of tRNA (use codon chart)

All functions are controlled  by the nucleus ]]> 2017-01-20 16:19:54 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148405739 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148408113 -Reproduction is a fundamental characteristics of life 
-Propagates for species 
-2-form: asexual and sexual 

]]> 2017-01-20 16:27:00 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148408113 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148408921 Asexual                                                         Sexual 
-1 parent                                                       -2 parents (usually) 
-no gametes                                                 -fusion of gametes 
-offspring are genetically identical           -Offspring genetically unique to the 
- fast, efficient, less energy                        parent (clones) 
                                                                      -slower, less efficient, more energy 
                                                                       -huge amounts of variation 
-changing environment ]]> 2017-01-20 16:29:26 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148408921 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148411203 Asexual Strategies 
1)binary fission 
2)budding 
3)regeneration/fragmentation 

]]> 2017-01-20 16:36:19 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148411203 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148411973 Haploid- having one set of chromosomes (n) gametes-sperm/egg
Diploid- having two sets of chromosomes (2n)-body cells-one set is maternal an done is paternal
Mitosis creates diploid cells and is for the purpose of tissue repair and growth in animals
-DNA coils to form chromosomes during cell division
-Stages of the cell cycle 
~~~Interphase- growth and synthesis, Mitosis ( Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase)- Cell Division Cytokinesis (cleavage Furrow, Cell Plate) ]]> 2017-01-20 16:38:43 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148411973 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148413761 Meiosis- cell division that creates 4 haploid cells called gametes- aka- reduction division 
-Meiosis involves 2 divisions- Meiosis I and Meiosis II 
-Meiosis I has some special events: 
In Prophase I Homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs. This recombination increases genetic variation for the species ]]> 2017-01-20 16:44:33 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148413761 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148414902 Metaphase I- Pairs line up
Anaphase- Pairs are separated
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis
Genetic Variation ]]> 2017-01-20 16:47:57 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/148414902 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149477775 -Gregor Mendal worked with pea plants to learn the basic patterns of inheritance 
-Phentype---what the organism looks like 
-Genotype---the gene combination-either Homozygous (TT or Tt) or Heterozygous (Tt) 

Monohybrid Cross- follows 1 trait through several generations P(parental)
TT x tt 

Dihybrid cross- follows two traits 

Enviromental Influence on Gene Expression- pH for hydrangea, temperature fo Artic fox or Himalayan rabbit ]]> 2017-01-25 22:03:46 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149477775 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149477979 -mutations can occur in Mitosis and Meiosis 
-crossing over and Idependent Assortment only occurs in Meiosis

]]> 2017-01-25 22:05:10 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149477979 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149484748 Incomplete Dominance- intermediate/blended phenotype Ex) snap dragons--- Red (RR) X White (R`R`)--- all pink 

Codominance- both parential phenotypes show up in offspring Ex)Chickens---Black x White --- Black and White feathers 

Multiple Allelism- traie with 3+ alleles 
ex) A, B, O blood types ]]> 2017-01-25 23:08:02 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149484748 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149485494 -Sex Linkage--- genes carried on sex chromosomes Ex) hemophilia, color blindness Cross shows a carrier female and a normal male. Fora female to inherit the trait the father must have it and the mother mus be at least be a carrier


Polygenic Inheritance--- traits controlled by many genes Ex) Height, hair color

Aneuploidy- condition caused by having abnormal chromosome number ) Non-Disjunction). Ex) Down's Syndrome aka Triomy 21.  

]]> 2017-01-25 23:15:28 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149485494 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149485962 - Today, DNA techniques include: 
1) DNA Extraction- the opening of cells to seperate/isolate DNA from other cell parts 
2) Cutting DNA- large DNA molecules are enzymes. These enzymes recognize and cut DNA at specific sequences. Sticky Ends. 
3) Separating DNA- DNA fragments can be separated and analyzed using gel electrophoresis. This process allows scientist to compare genomes of different organisms, separate genes, and create DNA "fingerprints"

]]> 2017-01-25 23:20:53 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149485962 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149486385 4) Sequences DNA- this process alows scientist to determine the sequence of N-bases in DNA 
5) Recombinant DNA- scientist can cut DNA fromtwo sources with the same restriction enzymeand combine them. This is used in genetic engineering. This process has been used to create human proteins used to treat disease, create pest-resisant crops, and for many other purposes. 
6) Copying DNA- polymersase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed that makes many copies of a small amount of DNA. 


Genetic Engineering... has current and potential applications in argriculture (Genetically engineered crops), industry (Oil consuming bacteria), medicine (production of human insulin), and forensis (DNA  Fingerprints) ]]> 2017-01-25 23:26:54 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149486385 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149486863 -Charles Darwin--- proposed that organisms (species or populations) change over time 
-Occurs by Natural Selection---"survival of the fittest" 
-Lines of evidence 
1)fossils (geologic time) 
2)Homologous Structures- same basic structure formed from same embryonic tissue. Used as Evidence of Evolution of Evolution...Common Ancestor 
3)Analogous Structures- same basic functions due to same enviromental pressures...Not used as Evidence of Evolution 
4)Vestigial Structures- structures that have lost function ex) appendix 
5)Embryology- embryos of various species appear identical 
6) DNAand protein amino acid sequence comparisons ]]> 2017-01-25 23:34:40 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149486863 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149486884 - Carolus Linnaeus---developed 7 categories of classification 
-Also developed binomial nomenclature--- naming using the genus and species names to refer to an organism 
-The first classification system was based on physical characteristics. The modern classification system is based on evidence of evolution (esp. DNA) and the advancements in technology. 
- Classifications tools include dichotomous keys- a series of paired statements that lead to the name of an organism. ]]> 2017-01-25 23:34:58 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149486884 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149486909 ~Adaptive radiation- an ancestrial species radiates or diverges into many species. Ex) Galapagos Finches 
-Origin Ideas 
Urey and MIller simulated Earth's early enviroment and created organic compounds like amino acid 

Endosymbiont theory- eukaryotic cells formed when prokaryotic cells began to live together permanently ]]> 2017-01-25 23:35:16 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149486909 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149487870
How are organism placed into their kingdom? 
1)Cell type, complex or simple 
2)Their ability to obtain food 
3)The number of cells in their body 
Six Kingdom System 
doglycan in cell wall 
Archaebacteria- NO Peptidoglycan in cell wall, extremists that live in hot, acidic, saline, or other harsh enviroments 
Protista- most are unicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs that act as decomposers 
Plantae- all eukaryotic autotrophs 
Animalia- all eukaryotic heterotrophs that must eat other organisms for food 

Eubacteria are "true" bacteria that come in 3 shapes 
1) round (occurs) 
2) rod (bacillus) 
3) spiral (spirillus) ]]> 2017-01-25 23:54:19 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149487870 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149488500 -Plant cell structure---cell walls, large vacuole, chloroplasts 
-Photosynthesis 
-Classification- 4 groups 
1) Nonvascular- no true roots/stems/leaves- Mosses (Bryphytes)...height challenged due to no vascular tissues
2)seedless vascular plants -ferns 
3)Vascular with seeds in cones- Gmnosperms (pines, fir, spruce) 
4)Vascular with seeds in fruits- Angiosperms -flowering plants 
~Types of Vascular Tissue (Vascular= tubesor vessels) 
A) Xylem- transports water from roots to leaves 
B) Phloem- transports sugars from leaves to roots 
Reproductive Life Cycle- called Alternation of Generations 

Tropisms- growth reponses to stimuli- often controlled by hormones like auxins and gibberillins

]]> 2017-01-26 00:06:29 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149488500 stehut2519 https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149488929 -Modes of reproduction (Internal vs. External Fertilization and/or Development) 
-Animal call structure---no cell wall, small vacuoles, no plastids, centrioles (cell division)

Stem Cells
Unspecialized-------- Differentiated Cells (Expression of different proteins) 
Human Anatomy 
*Neurons
*Heart 
*Kidneys 
Animal Behavior- responses that allow an organism to respond to stimuli 
1)Innate Behavior- instincts, inherited, inborn behaviors
ex)circadian rhythms-daily patterns ac activity-including feeding behaviors-nocturnal 
ex)annual rhythms- yearly patterns of activity-including courtship, estivation, hibernation, migration 
2)Learned Behavior- based on experiance 
ex)Imprinting- recognition of parents 
ex)Operant Conditioning(trial and error learning) 
ex) Classical Conditioning (Pavlov's dog) - learning by association 
3)Social Behavior- division of labor as in a termite or ant colony ]]> 2017-01-26 00:15:24 UTC https://padlet.com/stehut2519/druy10jnnw75/wish/149488929