17th 18th century history by GRAZIA SANTUS https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a 4D _ LICEO LEONARDO en-us 2022-01-18 08:32:47 UTC 2022-01-19 14:44:30 UTC hello@padlet.com Bill of rights Iemma https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997604641 In 1689 the crown of Britain was offered to William d'Orange  on condition that he signed the Bill of Rights, an act that impeded assolutism. The bill outlined specific constitutional and civil rights, for example being treated equally in front of the law independently from which social class you belong to, and also ultimately gave Parliament power over the monarchy.]]> 2022-01-18 10:50:38 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997604641 Ambrosini Andrea (mayflower-1620) https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997608286 Mayflower was an English ship that transported a group of English families and Puritans known today as the Pilgrims (The Pilgrims, also known as the Pilgrim Fathers, were the English settlers) set sail on 16 September 1620 from Plymouth (England) with 102 passengers and a crew of about 30, and they reached the present United States at Cape Cod two months later, on 19 November. ]]> 2022-01-18 10:52:51 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997608286 Puritans (Gaia Barone) https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997608805 The Puritans were members of the religious reform movement known as “Puritanism” that arose within the Church of England in the late 16th century. They believed the Church of England was too similar to the Roman Catholic Church and should eliminate ceremonies and practises not rooted in the Bible. 


]]> 2022-01-18 10:53:11 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997608805 Cristopher Wren - De Filippi https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997608926 Christopher Wren was an architect who was born on October 20, 1632 and lived in London. he was excellent in math in fact he was appointed “fellow of All Souls College” in Oxford. In 1665 Wren visited Paris and, in the Ville Lumière, attended several artists, including Gian Lorenzo Bernini, and fell in love with architecture. Wren became an architect and was also chosen to rebuild St. Paul's Cathedral which was destroyed in 1666 due to a fire, and in 1668 he was appointed architect of the Crown. Christopher Wren died in February 1723, and a dedication was written in his honor in the Cathedral of St. Paul.]]> 2022-01-18 10:53:15 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997608926 CIVIL WAR (PARTIES) Bergoli Alessia bergolialessia https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997609185 Civil War between the Parliamentarians (puritans) with Cromwell as leadership and the Royalists (House of Lords and English Church). The Puritans broke the Royalists'resistence and the Royal family and the Church were banished and went to the court in Paris (Louis XIV).]]> 2022-01-18 10:53:25 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997609185 Long Parliament (Samia Benabderrahman) https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997611983 In 1640, the king had to call Parliament to raise the money he needed for a campaign against the Scots.
This passed into history under the name
of the Long Parliament because it sat intermittently for the next twenty years. The Commons refused to grant the king’s requests and attacked the Crown for unparliamentary taxation. When it became apparent that the
Commons meant to limit monarchic authority, the House of Lords sided with the king.
In 1642 a Parliamentary Army was created and Civil War broke out.
]]> 2022-01-18 10:55:15 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997611983 Royal Society https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997612566 Casanova Nicolò 

The royal society was founded on 28/11/1660 by John Evelyn, with the help of Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, William Brouncker, with the aim of promoting scientific excellence to favor the benefit of society. 
The royal society is one of the oldest existing academic associations, and was supported by King Charles 2nd through the royal license.
]]> 2022-01-18 10:55:39 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997612566 Glorious Revolution https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997613432 Alice Drera
Glorious Revolution is also called Revolution of 1688 or Bloodless Revolution, in English history and its between 1688 and 1689.
The Revolution started because James II was Catholic and he had two children, Mary, who was raised Protestant, and James Francis, who was going to be raised Catholic. 
In 1688, seven of King James’s peers wrote to the Dutch leader, William of Orange, pledging their allegiance to the prince if he invaded England. He accepted and after some bloodless attacks Willian became King of England with Mary, James' daughter, as queen.
They had to sign the Bill of rights. This document acknowledged several constitutional principles, including the right for regular Parliaments, free elections and freedom of speech in Parliament. Additionally, it forbade the monarchy from being Catholic.]]> 2022-01-18 10:56:07 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997613432 Petition of Rights https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997615205 Matteo Bendotti

The Petition of Rights, approved in 1628, is an important document that sets a series of individual freedoms that can not be violated by the king.

This Petition has roots in the approval of a new law by the Parlament, who allowed the king to use citzens'houses as hosts for soldiers, and allowed the king to get money from citzens as forced loans. The House of Commons was against this change, so after troubles with the king, they created a petition to cancel what had just been approved. After some changes and approval by the House of Lords, the Petition of Rights was also approved by the king. It is still valid to this day.]]> 2022-01-18 10:57:20 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997615205 William the Pitt https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997615289 Leonardo Travagliati 
William Pitt the Younger was a prominent Tory (which were a political faction) statesman of the late eighteenth and the early nineteenth centuries. He became the younger prime minister of England at the age of 24, in 1783 under the monarch of King George III. Pitt’s prime ministerial work was dominated by major political events in Europe, including the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. He was regarded as an outstanding administrator who worked for efficiency and reform, bringing a new generation of outstanding administrators. He increases taxes to pay for the Great War against France and cracked down on radicalism. One of Pitt’s accomplishments was a rehabilitation of the nations’ finance after the American war of indipendence, Pitt helped manage the mounting of national debt, and made changes to the tax system in order to improve its great capture of revenue.]]> 2022-01-18 10:57:24 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997615289 House of Hanover https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997620679 Piccinelli
The House of Hanover, whose members are known as Hanoverians, is a German royal house that ruled Hanover, a big territory in German, Great Britain, and Ireland at various times during the 17th to 20th centuries.
George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg was the first member
George Louis became the first British monarch of the House of Hanover as George I in 1714, from him the dynasty provided six British monarchs. 
The house of Hanover ended when Ernest August was dethroned in 1918 by the king of United Kingdom
]]> 2022-01-18 11:00:54 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997620679 Protectorate by Simone Bernini https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997621940 The protectorate was the period from 1653 to 1659 during the Commonwealth in which England, Wales  Scotland and English overseas possession were goverbed by a lord protector as a republic. 
The protectorate of Cromwell
Olivier from 1653 attacked the english parlament , nominating himself lord protector. 
Richard in 1659 with the commitee of safety abandoned his office to let Carl II come back and restore the monarchy]]> 2022-01-18 11:01:38 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997621940 COFFEE HOUSES (Francesca Pelliccioli) https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997627939
Coffee houses ( sometimes also called tea houses) defines a structure, like meeting places, that has spread in the gardens of the European aristocracy since the eighteenth century thanks to the increased distribution of this drink. 
The interior design of the coffee house rooms were essential: it consisting mainly of chairs or sofas for make the place comfortable for the socialization and the dialogue, and finally tables for consuming coffee.]]> 2022-01-18 11:05:53 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997627939 Restoration https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997770760 The Restoration of the Stuart monarchy in the kingdom of England took place in 1660 when King Charles II returned from exile in continental Europe. The word is also used to cover the reign of James II.
With the death of Charles I of England in 1649 started the republican government of the Commonwealth. When power concentrated in Richard's hands in 1659, Oliver Cromwell's successor was unable to keep the Chambers in subjection so he preferred to leave the government and the continent. The Scottish army led by George Monck arrived in the capital and declared the end of  republican protectorate. George Monck asked Charles II, exiled in France, to return to his homeland to govern as king.
Emma Bicelli
]]> 2022-01-18 12:38:07 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1997770760 ROBERT WALPOLE (1676-1745), Giorgia Romano https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1998218829 In order to get in touch with the reality of the kingdom, George I decides to surround himself with trusted people chosen by him.
He appointed ROBERT WALPOLE as First Lord in 1715 and the latter also took over the post of Councillor of the Exchequer.
He then had to resign due to accusations from all his posts, but in 1721 George I recalled him to his post until 1742.
George trusted Walpole to carry out his policies in Parliament.
Walpole, who was very able, remained in office for 20 years and was also reappointed by George I's successor, George II.
Walpole's practice of winning the favour of the majority of the Commons through patronage is an effective government practice on which the stability or otherwise of Walpole.

]]> 2022-01-18 15:25:20 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1998218829 GREAT FIRE OF LONDON - Mattia Corsini https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1998283530 The fire started on 2nd September of 1666 and go on for 4 days. The fire  burnt the center of London, a lot of people went away from the city because it was destroyed. This is the start of a restoration of the city, very different from the old architecture and now reorganized for the state service to the people, because before the Londoners lived in degraded neighborhoods with animals and rats exposed to a high risk of disease that lowered thanks to the Great Fire. 

]]> 2022-01-18 15:47:05 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1998283530 ACT OF SETTLEMENT - Marta Maggi https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1998676340
The Act of Settlement is enacted in 1701, with the aim of ensuring the succession to the throne of Great Britain of a Protestant ruler. In 1701, a dynastic problem arose: Mary II had died in 1694 and her husband, William III, was dying. Anne, reigning in 1701, had seen her only heir die. The act stated that in the absence of heirs from William III and Anne, the crown would pass to Princess Sophie, Electress of Hanover and granddaughter of James I, and her Protestant heirs. Sophie died before Anne, therefore, in 1714, the throne passed to her son George I.]]> 2022-01-18 18:21:09 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1998676340 Plague of London, Chiodi https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1998970277 The plague of London, also known as “the great plague”, was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague, broke out in England between 1665-1666.
The great plague killed about 100,000 people ( almost a quarter of London’s population). 
The plague was caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, which is usually transmitted through the bite of a human flea or louse.
The only reason why it is also known that way is because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic plague.
]]> 2022-01-18 20:43:02 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1998970277 DOWNING STREET - Rizzi Nicola https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1999111598 Downing Street is a  long street in the City of Westminster built beetween 1682 and 1684 that houses the official residences and offices of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
The Prime Minister's official residence is 10, the Chancellor's official residence is Number 11. The government's chief whip has an official residence at number 12.]]> 2022-01-18 22:29:56 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1999111598 Bonnie Prince Charlie-Pietro Zuelli https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1999716008 Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (20 December 1720 – 30 January 1788) was the elder son of James Francis Edward Stuart and the Stuart claimant to the thrones of Great Britain and Ireland after 1766 as Charles III. During his lifetime, he was also known as "the Young Pretender" and "the Young Chevalier"; in popular memory, he is known as Bonnie Prince Charlie. He is best remembered for his role in the 1745 rising; his defeat at Culloden in April 1746 effectively ended the Stuart cause, and subsequent attempts failed to materialise, such as a planned French invasion in 1759. He escaped from Scotland after the failure.


]]> 2022-01-19 07:08:55 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1999716008 Nullius in verba Alice Carreca carrecaalice https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1999823913 The Royal Society's motto 'Nullius in verba' is taken to mean 'take nobody's word for it'.
It is an expression of the determination of Fellows to withstand the domination of authority and to verify all statements by an appeal to facts determined by experiment.]]> 2022-01-19 08:12:31 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1999823913 Commonwealth https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1999949497 is a new form of republic born in 1649 after the parliament led by Cromwell had rebelled, in 1642, to Charles I and had won the civil war, born because the king had dissolved the Parliament. The King is killed, for the first time in Europe in the history of popular sovranity, the House of Lords is suppressed and this new Republic is born with a union of Scotland and England.]]> 2022-01-19 09:22:41 UTC https://padlet.com/profgraziasantus/dpqrksbqzr0kt5a/wish/1999949497