American vocab by Amelia Montana _ Student - SalemMS

Civilization

aemontana — 2024-01-31 13:31:27 UTC

established group of people in an area. complex society. cultural and social development

Mercantilism

aemontana — 2024-01-31 13:32:13 UTC

countries trade with other countries to gain wealth. amass valuable resources in the country and try to trade it. increase exports=increase wealth

Columbian Exchange

aemontana — 2024-01-31 13:32:28 UTC

Transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World of Europe and new continents like the americas and africa

Indentured Servant

aemontana — 2024-01-31 13:32:37 UTC

someone is a servant by contract and works for a few years without pay sometimes done to pay back a debt

Chattel Slavery

aemontana — 2024-01-31 13:32:49 UTC

commonly known slavery. people are owned as property and perform tasks against will. no freedom.

Puritans

aemontana — 2024-01-31 13:33:01 UTC

english protests that demanded that the church of england get rid of roman catholic practices

Triangular Trade

aemontana — 2024-01-31 13:33:14 UTC

a country pays for imports from another country and then exports those imported goods to another country

Encomienda System

aemontana — 2024-01-31 13:33:28 UTC

spanish explorers were able to force native chiefs into doing labour

Southern Colonies

aemontana — 2024-01-31 13:33:40 UTC

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

Middle Colonies

aemontana — 2024-01-31 13:33:51 UTC

New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

New England Colonies

aemontana — 2024-01-31 13:34:02 UTC

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut

Proclamation Line of 1763

aemontana — 2024-02-12 00:15:47 UTC

a British-produced boundary marked in the Appalachian Mountains at the Eastern Continental Divide. Marked a boundary of land that colonist could not have, upsetting many of them.

pariot

aemontana — 2024-02-12 00:15:55 UTC

Americans who supported rebels,controlled the countryside

Predominantly rural in residency and orientation. pushed back on english rule

Troy

aemontana — 2024-02-12 00:16:00 UTC

Troys also known as loyalists were those colonials who were loyal to the King of England.

Articles of Confederation

aemontana — 2024-02-12 00:16:10 UTC

Provided equal representation to all states with one vote in Congress. The national government was made weak to prevent tyranny. Did not work!

Federalist

aemontana — 2024-02-12 00:16:18 UTC

Supporters of the proposed Constitution, who called for a strong national government

• Pointed to the problems under the Articles of Confederation

• George Washington, Benjamin Franklin

Anti Federalist

aemontana — 2024-02-12 00:16:24 UTC

Opposed to the proposed Constitution, who called for stronger

state governments

• Played on the fears that a change in government would bring

• Mistrusted powerful elites; mostly rural backgrounds

Enlightenment

aemontana — 2024-02-12 00:16:36 UTC

the enlightenment was a new era of thinking that introduced the ideas of natural rights and what a government should look like and the extent of its power.

Albany Plan of Union

aemontana — 2024-02-12 00:16:49 UTC

A rejected plan that tried to make the colonies have amore unified central government

Northwest Ordinance

aemontana — 2024-02-12 00:16:59 UTC

The Northwest Ordinance created a government for the Northwest Territory and outlined a process for admitting new states to the union.

Newburgh Conspiracy

aemontana — 2024-02-12 00:17:09 UTC

A failed threat by leaders of the Continental Army in March 1783, at the end of the American Revolutionary War

Great Compromise

aemontana — 2024-02-12 00:17:20 UTC

Representation based on population of state, shaped the outline for house of representatives and the senate

Three-Fifths Compromise

aemontana — 2024-02-12 00:17:32 UTC

An agreement to count slaves as three-fifths of a person in calculating a state’s representation

Salutary Neglect

aemontana — 2024-02-12 00:17:42 UTC

British failed to enforce parliamentary rules and laws on the American colonies and trade, resulting in the colonies having more independence

Political Party

aemontana — 2024-02-26 17:30:10 UTC

an organization of people with similar opinions/goals. They have candidates that run in a country's elections.

Marbury vs. Madison

aemontana — 2024-02-26 17:31:37 UTC

supreme court case that established the power of judicial review

Temperance Movement

aemontana — 2024-02-26 17:34:49 UTC

a movement that promoted abstinence from consuming alcohol.

Abolition Movement

aemontana — 2024-02-26 17:38:00 UTC

movement to end slavery and liberate enslaved people. helped to end the transatlantic slave trade and chattel slavery.

Women's Rights Movement

aemontana — 2024-02-26 17:39:44 UTC

movement in the 1960s that sought equal rights and opportunities for women in america.

Cotton Gin

aemontana — 2024-02-26 17:41:26 UTC

a machine that separates cotton from the steams quickly and helps to keep it clean instead of hand picking it which is less effective

Steam Engine

aemontana — 2024-02-26 17:42:44 UTC

heat engine that uses steam as a working liquid. often used in factories

Factory System

aemontana — 2024-02-26 17:47:01 UTC

producing goods through manufacturing using machinery and division of labor. child labor was often used.

Canals

aemontana — 2024-02-26 18:32:46 UTC

canals were used in the industrial revolution to help transport a greater volume of goods that were heavy

Monroe Doctrine

aemontana — 2024-02-26 18:39:23 UTC

U.S policy towards the western hemisphere stating that America would not tolerate any attempts of colonization from the europeans.

Democratic Party

aemontana — 2024-02-26 18:41:40 UTC

The political party that supports social and economic equality for all americans regardless of age, race or sex

Whigs

aemontana — 2024-02-26 18:45:59 UTC

a conservative political party that existed in the United States during the mid-19th century. opposed Jackson's strong-armed leadership style and policies. Wanted a strong central government

Telegraph

aemontana — 2024-02-26 18:50:45 UTC

a device for converting messages into electric impulses that traveled instantaneously by wire to distant receivers, where they were converted back into readable text.

interchangeable parts

aemontana — 2024-02-26 18:55:17 UTC

identical components that can be substituted one for another. allowed for non skilled working in the factories

Impressment

aemontana — 2024-02-26 18:56:14 UTC

forcing men to serve in the military against their will

Compromise of 1850

aemontana — 2024-03-17 23:09:15 UTC

mexican territories are slave territories even though some of them are above the missouri compromise line.california wants to come in as a free state, so the north gets california as a free state and the slavery faction gets the fugitive slave act

Kansas-Nebraska Act

aemontana — 2024-03-17 23:10:07 UTC

congress decides that the states will decide if they are a free state or not through voting, nebraska comes in free and kansas comes in as a slave state

Popular Sovereignty

aemontana — 2024-03-17 23:14:21 UTC

the leaders of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, this is through voting and participation in government

Fugitive Slave Act

aemontana — 2024-03-17 23:15:58 UTC

required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state

Sectionalism

aemontana — 2024-03-17 23:17:52 UTC

dividing the country up by regions
- North-industrial, anti slavery
- South-agriculture, pro slavery
- Midwest- free, growing agriculture

Secession

aemontana — 2024-03-17 23:19:01 UTC

the withdrawal of eleven southern states from the Union in 1860, leading to the Civil War.

-withdrawing formally

Union

aemontana — 2024-03-17 23:21:31 UTC

the American Republic.

Confederacy

aemontana — 2024-03-17 23:23:26 UTC

-South repeals from union and creates the confederacy

-11 states that seceded from the United States in 1860 following the election of President Abraham Lincoln. Led by Jefferson Davis and existing from 1861 to 1865

Thirteenth Amendment

aemontana — 2024-03-17 23:24:03 UTC

ends slavery

Fourteenth Amendment

aemontana — 2024-03-17 23:47:31 UTC

officially recognizes black men as citizens with rights

15th amendment

aemontana — 2024-03-17 23:47:59 UTC

extended voting rights to all men

capitalism

aemontana — 2024-04-01 12:14:40 UTC

an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.

Cornelius Vanderbilt

aemontana — 2024-04-01 12:15:35 UTC

One of the four industry titans

-tried to monopolize railroads

Andrew Carnegie

aemontana — 2024-04-01 12:16:13 UTC

-one of the four industry titans

tried to monopolize steel

John D. Rockefeller

aemontana — 2024-04-01 12:19:02 UTC

one of the four industry titans

-tried to monopolize oil production

JP Morgan

aemontana — 2024-04-01 12:21:34 UTC

one of the four industry titans

-tried to monopolize banking

Titans of Industry

aemontana — 2024-04-01 12:34:09 UTC

wealthy people who mainly controlled the industry and how the economy functioned at the time

Cornelius vanderbilt-railways

Rockefeller-oil production

Andrew Carnegie-steel

Pierpont Morgan-banking

Robber Barons

aemontana — 2024-04-07 19:42:52 UTC

successful industrialists whose business practices were often considered ruthless or unethical.

Unions

aemontana — 2024-04-07 19:43:47 UTC

teams of individuals coming together to guarantee like decent wages, affordable health care, job security, safe and respectful workplaces, and fair scheduling.

Migration

aemontana — 2024-04-07 19:44:43 UTC

The movement of a person or people from one country, locality, place of residence, etc., to settle in another

Gilded Age

aemontana — 2024-04-07 19:49:12 UTC

the period from about the 1870s to the late 1890s, burst of industrial activity and corporate growth

Social Darwinism

aemontana — 2024-04-08 11:59:29 UTC

survival of the fittest

Gospel of Wealth

aemontana — 2024-04-08 12:01:20 UTC

Carnegie argued that extremely wealthy Americans like himself had a responsibility to spend their money in order to benefit the greater good

Muckraking

aemontana — 2024-04-08 12:02:36 UTC

Journalist start to focus and exaggerate bad things that are happening to sell newspapers

Women’s Suffrage

aemontana — 2024-04-23 15:59:25 UTC

women's rights movement that lobbied for the right to vote.

Prohibition

aemontana — 2024-04-23 16:02:09 UTC

the ban of alcohol in the 1920's

Isolationism

aemontana — 2024-04-23 16:03:48 UTC

a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.

Imperialism

aemontana — 2024-04-23 16:05:19 UTC

when a country extends its power into other territories for economic or political gain

Alfred Thayer Mahan

aemontana — 2024-04-23 16:07:02 UTC

-published The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783,

-naval officer and historian, whom John Keegan called "the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century

Open Door Policy

aemontana — 2024-04-23 16:08:44 UTC

It called for protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and for the support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity.

Militarism

aemontana — 2024-04-23 16:09:37 UTC

the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

Nationalism

aemontana — 2024-04-23 16:10:14 UTC

identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.

League of Nations

aemontana — 2024-04-23 16:11:17 UTC

The League of Nations was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace

Treaty of Versailles

aemontana — 2024-04-23 16:12:11 UTC

a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919. As the most important treaty of World War I, it ended the state of war between Germany and most of the Allied Powers

Great Migration

aemontana — 2024-04-23 16:13:15 UTC

the movement of some six million African Americans from rural areas of the Southern states of the United States to urban areas in the Northern states between 1916 and 1970

Zimmerman Telegram

aemontana — 2024-04-23 16:15:34 UTC

urged Mexico to join Germany in declaring war against the United States. In exchange, Germany committed to assist Mexico in regaining its lost territories of Arizona, Texas, and New Mexico.

Stocks on margin

aemontana — 2024-04-23 16:16:34 UTC

involves borrowing money from a broker to purchase stock. A margin account increases purchasing power and allows investors to use someone else's money to increase financial leverage.

Tariffs

aemontana — 2024-04-23 16:17:49 UTC

taxes imposed by one country on goods or services imported from another country.

3 R's

aemontana — 2024-04-23 16:21:05 UTC

relief for the unemployed and for the poor, recovery of the economy back to normal levels, and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression.

Island Hopping

aemontana — 2024-04-23 16:22:32 UTC

military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against the Empire of Japan during World War II. The key idea was to bypass heavily fortified enemy islands instead of trying to capture every island in sequence en route to a final target

Holocaust

aemontana — 2024-05-20 11:33:26 UTC

The Holocaust was the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women, and children and millions of others by Nazi

International Organizations

aemontana — 2024-05-20 11:34:23 UTC

Worldwide or global organizations – generally open to nations worldwide as long as certain criteria are met

United Nations

aemontana — 2024-05-20 11:35:38 UTC

The United Nations is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security,

Bretton Woods System

aemontana — 2024-05-20 11:40:09 UTC

unified rules and policies that provided the framework necessary to create fixed international currency exchange rates

NATO

aemontana — 2024-05-20 11:41:36 UTC

a group of 32 countries from Europe and North America that exists to protect the people and territory of its members

Iron Curtain

aemontana — 2024-05-20 11:42:52 UTC

metaphor used to describe the political boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas

warsaw pact

aemontana — 2024-05-20 11:44:52 UTC

a collective defence treaty established by the Soviet Union and seven other Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe

Containment

aemontana — 2024-05-20 11:55:58 UTC

a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II

Domino Theory

aemontana — 2024-05-20 11:58:04 UTC

The domino theory is a geopolitical theory which posits that changes in the political structure of one country tend to spread to neighboring countries in a domino effect.

Mutually Assured Destruction

aemontana — 2024-05-20 11:59:20 UTC

each superpower had enough nuclear weaponry to destroy the other. If one superpower attempted a first strike on the other, they themselves would also be destroyed.

Atomic Bomb

aemontana — 2024-05-20 12:05:33 UTC

he United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The bombings killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people, most of whom were civilians

Nuclear Weapons

aemontana — 2024-05-20 12:09:51 UTC

a bomb or missile that uses nuclear energy to cause an explosion.

Great Society Program

aemontana — 2024-05-20 12:10:53 UTC

The main goal was the total elimination of poverty and racial injustice. New major federal programs that addressed civil rights, education, medical care, urban problems, rural poverty, and transportation

Brown V Board

aemontana — 2024-05-20 12:11:39 UTC

U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality

Reaganomics

aemontana — 2024-06-03 12:01:06 UTC

refers to the economic policies of President Ronald Reagan in the 1980s, emphasizing tax cuts, reduced government regulation, and a belief that stimulating economic growth among the wealthy would benefit the entire economy.

liberal

aemontana — 2024-06-03 12:01:15 UTC

individuals or policies advocating for social and economic equality, government intervention in the economy, and progressive social values.

conservative

aemontana — 2024-06-03 12:01:21 UTC

individuals or policies favoring limited government intervention, traditional values, and a free-market approach to economic issues.

moral majority

aemontana — 2024-06-03 12:01:47 UTC

a political movement in the 1980s, led by religious conservatives, advocating for socially conservative policies and seeking to influence American politics based on moral and religious principles.

Trickle down economics

aemontana — 2024-06-03 12:02:03 UTC

an economic theory asserting that benefits provided to the wealthy and businesses will eventually "trickle down" to the rest of the population through job creation and economic growth

Monetary Policy

aemontana — 2024-06-03 12:02:15 UTC

actions by a central bank to control the money supply and interest rates, influencing economic activity by managing inflation, employment, and overall economic stability

globalization

aemontana — 2024-06-03 12:04:05 UTC

the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, economies, and cultures through international trade, communication, and cultural exchange

Fiscal Policy

aemontana — 2024-06-03 12:13:05 UTC

government actions related to taxation and spending to influence the economy, aiming to achieve economic goals such as full employment and stable prices.

Laissez-Faire

aemontana — 2024-06-03 12:15:46 UTC

an economic philosophy advocating minimal government interference in the marketplace, allowing natural market forces to determine prices, production, and distribution.

Inflation

aemontana — 2024-06-03 12:16:14 UTC

the general increase in the prices of goods and services over time, reducing the purchasing power of currency.

Deregulation

aemontana — 2024-06-03 12:16:55 UTC

reducing or eliminating government restrictions and regulations on industries, with the goal of fostering competition and economic efficiency.

Terrorism

aemontana — 2024-06-03 12:17:42 UTC

the use of violence or threats to intimidate and create fear for political, religious, or ideological purposes

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

aemontana — 2024-06-03 12:18:25 UTC

the total value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period, serving as a key indicator of economic performance.