• Is responsible for controlling everything, in your body, including hormones, thoughts, movements, pains, and emotions.

• There is also involuntary and voluntary. Involuntary is what we don't control, and voluntary is what we control.

• The nerves connect to the brain, all parts of the body

[Unique characteristics of “the second brain” - The enteric nervous system]. (2020, June 25). PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32572435/#:~:text=Enteric%20nervous%20system%20(ENS)%20is,second%20brain%22%20or%20gut%20brain

Example 1: You just finished eating. Your brain will send the information to your motor neurons, so then the small intestine will start absorbing the food and will get the nutrients that your body won't need and transform them into feces, which will pass to the whole large intestine until getting the anus.

Example 2: I am watching one video of a person eating something, and my brain will think that I am going to start eating, so then will send the message to the nervous system, which will pass this message to the salivary gland that will make saliva to our mouth. Also, your digestive system will start working (like?), thinking that is coming foods.

Example 1: Imagine you are in a forest, and appears a tiger in front of you, because of the nervous system, you will have

adrenaline, which means that your respiratory system will demand more oxygen because you are going to run or fight the tiger. We need more oxygen because will produce more energy. The brain will send the message to the diafragment, that will make you breathe more oxygen.

Example 2: I am eating my favorite food, and I am eating very fast, then I get a bite and the food stays stuck in the larynx, in the same way, your brain will process that there is no air going to your lungs, then your nervous system will act. that and will liberate despair. Then the brain will send the motor neurons to the defragment that will make you cough.

Source of the explanation: Ricardo, G. (2014, November 15). CURSO DE NEUROMETRIA APLICADA: CONTROLE DA RESPIRAÇÃO FUNCIONAL. Neurometria. https://neurometria.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/neurometria.com.br-apostilas-cna-respiracao-funcional.pdf

Example 1: Imagine you are going to a final soccer game, and when you are in the locker room preparing for the game you are very nervous, so your heart will start beating faster. The nervous system will liberate this emotion, and at the same time, the heart will start beating faster.

Example 2: I am in a marathon, and I am running, then my heart will start beating faster because needs to flow more blood to the body, so your body can have more energy, When you are running your brain sends a message to the motor neuron, that will go and sends this message to the heart, saying that needs to beat faster.

Chaccur, P. (2020). Cérebro e coração: você sabe como eles se relacionam? OUL. https://www.uol.com.br/vivabem/colunas/paulo-chaccur/2020/08/02/cerebro-e-coracao-voce-sabe-como-eles-se-relacionam.htm#:~:text=O%20sistema%20nervoso%20libera%20subst%C3%A2ncias,de%20manter%20o%20equil%C3%ADbrio%20emocional.

Example 1: Imagine you are in a bodybuilder tournament, and the judge says double biceps pose, your brain will process this information, and pass the message to the nervous system, that goes and responds to the information by contracting the biceps.

Example 2: Imagine you are talking to your friend, and you start saying look my six packs, are very strong. Then you say to him punch your six packs that will not hurt. Then when your friend prepares to punch, your muscles will need to contract, so the nervous system will act, by responding the signal and contracting the muscle.

Diana, J. (2021, February 15). Sistema muscular. Toda Matéria. https://www.todamateria.com.br/sistema-muscular/#:~:text=Os%20m%C3%BAsculos%20s%C3%A3o%20tecidos%2C%20cujas,la%20realizando%20a%20a%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20solicitada.

Hormones are sent by the blood flow, being sent by the whole part of the body, however, they just work in target tissues and organs. The nervous system and the endocrine system are responsible for controlling a lot of things in our body. (Santos, V. S. D. n.d.).

Example 1: Imagine one day a teenage male wakes up happier, eats breakfast, and does his morning routine before going to school. He is in the car happier, at this time his hormones are on top, so he is very excited. In the afternoon he is in class, and for no reason he starts being stressed, and sad. This happens because at that time his hormones decrease, meaning that he is not with too many hormones. Hormones also produce neurotransmitters this is why when you are getting older in your puberty you stay smarter.

Example 2: Puberty starts with the hypothalamus producing the GnRH. Passes to the pituitary gland, then produces LH/ and FSH, after passes to the bloodstream, then goes to the testes, the least but not least producing testosterone in males.

Saúde, F. M. E. (2019, October 3). O corpo em transição | Revista Fleury Ed. 35 › Notícias | Fleury Medicina e Saúde. Fleury Medicina E Saúde. https://www.fleury.com.br/noticias/o-corpo-em-transicao-revista-fleury-ed-35#:~:text=Testosterona%2C%20estradiol%20e%20progesterona%20s%C3%A3o,f%C3%ADsicas%20em%20meninos%20e%20meninas.&text=Como%20a%20produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20hormonal%20da,que%20s%C3%A3o%20t%C3%ADpicas%20dessa%20fase.

Santos, V. S. D. (n.d.). Sistema endócrino: função, glândulas, resumo. Mundo Educação. https://mundoeducacao.uol.com.br/biologia/sistema-endocrino.htm#:~:text=Os%20horm%C3%B4nios%20s%C3%A3o%20lan%C3%A7ados%20na,de%20diferentes%20atividades%20do%20organismo.

Red blood cells pass oxygen to your whole body, so then you can make for example your toe movements.

FFF: the shape of the red blood cell is called a Biconcave shape and has more surface area. But how the red blood cell has a surface area? Red blood cell has surface area because Biconcave doesn't have organelles, meaning that can fold, which also allows the red blood cell to squeeze and go through the blood vessels.

cell.

FFF: The white blood cells don't have a specific shape, because the cells function to protect your body from infection. So this cell needs to pass through the whole body, meaning that it doesn't have a specific shape.

FFF: The shape of a sperm is, the head function is to pierce the egg cell, also, sensor to ''chemicals, and enzymes. The tail's function is to swim forward. Also, there is the Mitochondrion, the function is to give energy to the sperm.

Example of a neurotransmitter with dopamine: Imagine one day you pass your day working really hard. And when you get to your house you are very tired, so you decide to get your cell phone and watch videos on social media. When you are watching videos on social media liking, and sharing, your brain will release dopamine. This makes you feel rewarded and happy. So this will make you get addicted over time and will make you want to watch more videos.

How ATP is created: Oxygen + Glucose ---chemical---reaction--- > carbon dioxide

McLaughlin, K., PhD. (2020, June 14). Sensory neuron. Biology Dictionary. https://biologydictionary.net/sensory-neuron/

Now easy reward. The easy reward is like, alcohol, all types of drugs, vaping, etc. This are easy reward because releases dopamine without any effort and is also addictive. Also, the easy reward is make for people getting addicted, because it makes people feel good, in an easy way.

Gillis, A. S., & Bernstein, C. (2023, April 27). cognitive bias. Enterprise AI. https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/cognitive-bias#:~:text=Cognitive%20bias%20is%20a%20systematic,large%20amounts%20of%20information%20quickly.

• Male

• Brazilian

• Like to travel

• Soccer

• Videogames

• Speak English

• Gym

The true thing: Everyone knows that Palmeiras is much better than Corinthians

Some tips that can be done, so this improves, is before you by a product, reflect a little, for example, why I am buying this product.

Summary: Based on the video what they are passing is, how fan the customer can be with a brand, and the companies are studying the human brain so they can make their commercial more interesting. One example is Apple, every year there is a new cellphone, so then they make a presentation explaining why this new phone is so innovative. So what is happening is that the customers are getting ''addicted'' to the brand, meaning that they are always trying to defend the brand.

Big Think. (2021, July 27). How Apple and Nike have branded your brain | Your Brain on Money | Big Think [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4eIDBV4Mpek

Summary: Based on the video, what is happening is that the social media app is getting your information without you noticing. For example, Instagram, when you download the app they will make you, put your email, birthday date, maybe some interest, etc. Just with this information they already know a little about you. When you are using this app, they will get the information that most interest you, like famous people, the type of things that you watch, and maybe groups of TV show, and films that you enters. With this, they separate you into buckets, which is the type of content that will appear for you.

iluli by Mike Lamb. (2021, June 1). Targeted ads: The dark side of divulging your data [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVwKQqbMw-c

iluli by Mike Lamb. (2021, June 1). Targeted ads: The dark side of divulging your data [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVwKQqbMw-c

If you are on Facebook, and see an ad, you can go why can you see this ad. Facebook often shows the brought target attributes from ads. This is dangerous because all these tools can be advertised to anyone on Facebook.

Summary: If you are on Facebook and see an ad, you can go in why you see this ad, and like your interest. However, the concern is that these tools can be advertised to anyone on Facebook.

VICE News. (2018, April 13). All The Hidden Ways Facebook Ads Target You [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EM1IM2QUYjk

This can happen to adults, kids, and teenagers, but why do kids and teenagers have more risk?

Kids and teenagers have more risk because of the pre-frontal cortex, which is not 100% disinvolved, and social media can impact decision-making, and kids and teens already have these difficulties, because of the pre-frontal cortex. So the more time they spend on social media, the more will impact their decision making.

This is the first generation that has social media, meaning that the less ones didn't have social media and social media is something that scientists are until studying how can affect our brains.

Link: DW Planet A. (2021, June 18). Neuromarketing: How brands are getting your brain to buy more stuff [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkDVC_izIV0

Beauty standards, are also a problem, because there are a lot of people saying what types of things make a person pretty, and as was already mentioned teenagers worried a lot about the opinion of each person, and they see videos of beauty standards can be also a problem, with their mental health. (Learned in class)

Also, one problem is cognitive bias, because teenagers can agree with something that is not true, and their pre-frontal cortex is not fully done, meaning that maybe what they think is true is not. Cognitive bias influences people to believe that their thinking is right. However, they don't research anything to understand better the topic.

Link: Social Media Victims Law Center PLLC. (2023, September 18). Effects of Cyberbullying | Social Media Victims Law Center. Social Media Victims Law Center. https://socialmediavictims.org/cyberbullying/effects/#:~:text=Teenagers%20who%20are%20victims%20of,%2C%20anxiety%2C%20and%20suicidal%20thoughts.

There are two types of reward systems: workfull and easy reward. Worfull consists of a person that could maybe complete a goal, summarizing when they are proud of themselves. For example, imagine you want to be a soccer player, and you spend years dedicating a lot to this sport, and the one club invites you to enter their professional team, you are going to be very happy. Now Easy reward, is related to addiction, like drugs, alcohol, etc. A lot of people don't know, but social media is related to this, and feels, like an easy reward system, because makes you happy without any effort, and just by you watching videos.

Social media release dopamine while people are using them, but this also causes some effects such as the unable to control how much time some people spend online. The reward system is related to this, because of social media algorithms, that put types of content, of your likes. However, this can be a problem because maybe you believe in something that is not true, for example, cognitive bias, which means that, they send information that you agree with, but you don't see any contra argument to understand better the topic, one example is the vaccine, imagine one person are against the vaccine, and in their social media just appears videos against the vaccine, and this person starts thinking more that this is the true news. This can be a problem because because just start relying on news that they agree with, and sometimes, don't believe in true information.