Turner - landscapes, daily scenes

Xu Beihong - animals, superstitions & folklore.

Similarities

• Both artist does landscape scenes, in a sense where there's depth and space

Differences

• Xu beihong art style include obvious brushstroke and line work

• William has a more realistic art style, colours use are more vibrant.

Philosophy:

William - paints political, religious, and philosophical arguments

Xu beihong - believes in the importance of combining traditional chinese techniques with western art methods, creating art that serves and uplift the people.

Paul Klee: Geometric, flat, abstract shapes. Focusing on colour and tone and how they react with each other.

Ong Kim Seng: Urban landscapes and scenery, focusing on how light and shadow interact with architecture.

Philosophy:

Paul Klee: Establish a harmony between poetic painting and paintings which have a clearly defined structure. -> Conceptual

Ong Kim Seng: Utilised watercolour with a focus on realistic transparency and technical mastery.

Similarities:

• Both artists use colour in their works

Differences:

• Paul Klee's colours are more saturated, while Ong Kim Seng's works use more naturalistic colours.

• Paul Klee's works are frequently based on imagination, while Ong Kim Seng's works are based on observation of actual scenes.

• Both artists approach their paintings in a painterly way and utilise brushes.

• They both leave white spaces in their works, 留白 (liú bái).

• Both artists utilise textures in their work.

• Both artists utilise perspective in their works. (Xu Bei Hong's works can vary in their usage though.)

Differences

• J.M.W Turner uses unconventional mark-making tools, like his fingers, a wet sponge and even a needle or pocket knife, while Xu Bei Hong doesn't.

• Xu Bei Hong's brushstrokes are stronger and more dramatic as compared to Turner's. Turner tends to blend his brushstrokes.

• Xu Bei Hong utilises a lot of black, Turner doesn't.

• Turner uses mostly wet-on-wet while Xu Bei Hong uses a mixture of various watercolour techniques.

` Paul Klee is more expressive and playful with his colour, bolder brush strokes.

` Ong Kim Seng uses more controlled brush strokes, and he does realistic landscapes.

Techniques

` Paul Klee uses watercolour washes and layers them. He focus more on abstract representations and colours. Paul Klee uses stamping to create the blocks of colours.

` Ong Kim Seng applies wet on wet techniques for his background (e.g. sky, water reflections, etc) and he also uses wet on dry techniques for more detailed architecture and figures.

Tools

` Paul Klee uses stamping

` Ong Kim Seng uses traditional brush

Similarity

` They both use the same mediums, watercolour on paper.

` Both artist uses washes to create depth.

` They both have expressive use of colours.

Both Paul Klee and Ong Kim Seng are similar in their subject matter of nature and landscapes. Paul Klee tends to portray the idea of architecture and environment in a simplified and abstract form, while Ong Kim Seng paints it with great detail.

Philosophies:

Although they both make good use of watercolour in their artworks, they differ in their ways of usage and how they perceive art.

However, both their philosophies differ in how they capture their ideas in their work. Paul Klee believes in capturing emotion through colour theory. Paul Klee portrays developments in abstracting with his pen imaginative vision. On the other hand, Ong Kim Seng believes in depicting his work through his eyes and reflect the moment as accurately as possible.

It is evident that Paul Klee saw art as a universal language and wanted to connect the seen and the unseen. While Ong Kim Seng views art as a way to record down moments as it is.