https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb By: Fatin Jabr en-us 2020-09-21 19:19:42 UTC 2020-09-23 14:36:30 UTC hello@padlet.com fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765763416 There are two parts of the autonomic nervous system. The first is called the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), also known as the adrenergic system. The second division is called the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), also known as the cholinergic system.]]> 2020-09-21 19:21:56 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765763416 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765769131 Also known as the adrenergic system]]> 2020-09-21 19:23:39 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765769131 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765859892 Also known as the cholinergic system.]]> 2020-09-21 19:52:27 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765859892 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765870326 The neurotransmitters are epinephrine and norepinephrine. ]]> 2020-09-21 19:55:43 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765870326 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765871695 The neurotransmitter is acetylcholine.]]> 2020-09-21 19:56:11 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765871695 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765872750 -Epinephrine is released at the adrenal medulla.
-Norepinephrine is released at the postganglionic nerve endings.
-Dopamine is located at the midbrain.]]> 2020-09-21 19:56:35 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765872750 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765872966 The acetylcholine neurotransmitter is released at ganglia, as well as the postganglionic nerve endings.]]> 2020-09-21 19:56:41 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765872966 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765876848 The SNS consists of alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, and beta 2 receptors.
-The alpha 1 receptor is found on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, and most arteries and veins.
-The alpha 2 receptor is found on the vascular smooth muscle cells.
-The beta 1 receptor is found at the heart.
-The beta 2 receptor is located on smooth muscles, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, and the coronary arteries. 

]]> 2020-09-21 19:58:04 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765876848 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765877055 The PNS consists of the muscarinic, nicotinic 1, and nicotinic 2 receptors.
-The muscarinic receptor is located at the cardiac, smooth muscles, glands, and postganglionic nerve endings. 
-The nicotinic 1 (Nn) receptor is located at the ganglia of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves.
-The nicotinic 2 (Nm) receptor is located at the somatic neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle.]]> 2020-09-21 19:58:09 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765877055 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765936359 1. Arteries: Most arteries are not supplied by parasympathetic nerves
2. Heart: decreases heart rate and AV conduction, slightly decrease in contractility.
3. Intestines, GI motility, and secretions: Increased
4. Postganglionic neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine released.
5. Pupil of the eye: Constriction (miosis)
6. Respiratory passages, lower: Bronchoconstriction
7. Urinary bladder: Contraction
8. Urinary sphincter: Relaxation

]]> 2020-09-21 20:20:06 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765936359 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765951228  Receptor/action: Alpha 1 receptor stimulated. Contraction of smooth muscle occurs as well as blood vessels constrict which leads to an increase in BP. Nasal passages are vasoconstricted and give a decongestant effect.
 Drug:  ephedrine and phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®).

]]> 2020-09-21 20:25:18 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765951228 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765958578  Receptor/action: Stimulates all alpha and beta receptors. Vasopressor-constriction occurs, increases BP, cardiac stimulant, bronchodilator.
 Drug: epinephrine (Adrenaline®)


]]> 2020-09-21 20:28:14 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765958578 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765970589  Receptor/action: In the mechanism of action, alpha-1 receptors are bound and blocked. Relaxation of smooth muscle occurs, as well as vasodilation of blood vessels which decreases BP. It also relaxes smooth muscle of ureters and increases urine flow.
 Drugs: prazosin (Minipress®)-HTN, terazosin (Hytrin®)-HTN, BPH, doxazosin (Cardura®)-HTN, BPH.

]]> 2020-09-21 20:32:52 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765970589 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765973679  Receptor/action: At a low dose, dopaminergic is stimulated in the kidneys, causing vasodilation and increased renal blood flow.
At moderate dose, beta-1 receptors are stimulated, increasing force of contraction and cardiac input
At a high dose, alpha-1 receptors are stimulated, causing vasoconstriction which leads to an increase in blood pressure.
 Drugs: dobutamine

]]> 2020-09-21 20:34:10 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765973679 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765975940  Receptor/action: Beta 2 receptors are stimulated causing relaxation in the smooth muscles of the lungs which lead to bronchodilation. They also cause relaxation of the smooth muscles of the uterus.
 Drugs: formoterol (Foradil®), albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®), salmeterol (Serevent®), terbutaline (Brethine®).

]]> 2020-09-21 20:35:05 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765975940 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765986924  Receptor/action: Beta-1 receptors are blocked which causes a decrease in force of contraction as well as a decrease in cardiac output. It also decreases HR, conduction, cardiac output which in turn decreases BP.
 Drugs: atenolol (Tenormin®) and metoprolol (Lopressor®)

]]> 2020-09-21 20:39:28 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765986924 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765988975  Receptor/action: Beta 1 and beta 2 receptors are blocked, a decrease in force of contraction, cardiac output, and HR occurs. As well as a decrease in cardiac output which also decreases BP. It can also cause bronchoconstriction.
 Drugs: nadolol timolol (Blocadren®), (Corgard®), and propranolol (Inderal®).

]]> 2020-09-21 20:40:20 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765988975 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765993682  Receptor/action: It is able to stimulate and bind to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division. It also has the ability to mimic ACH.
 Drugs: acetylcholine, pilocarpine (Pilocar®), bethanechol (Urecholine®)

]]> 2020-09-21 20:42:20 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765993682 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765996399  Receptor/action: It inhibits acetylcholinesterase, which is an enzyme that breaks down ACH in the synapse, it also increases ACH.
 Drug: neostigmine (Prostigmin®)

]]> 2020-09-21 20:43:26 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765996399 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765999298  Receptor/action: It is used to bind to a cholinergic receptor and also acts as a blocking drug (competitive antagonism).
 Drugs: atropine, dicyclomine (Bentyl®), and ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)

]]> 2020-09-21 20:44:43 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/765999298 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/769001999 Noback, Charles R, and Thomas L Lentz. “The Autonomic Nervous System.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 9 Apr. 2020, www.britannica.com/science/human-nervous-system/The-autonomic-nervous-system. 
Moore, Donna. ANS Part 1, ANS Part 2 Powerpoint.]]> 2020-09-22 16:38:20 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/769001999 fatinjabr https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/769035798 1. Adrenal medulla: It is where EPI is released.
2. Heart: The heart rate increases, as well as contractility. Also, AV conduction occurs.
3. Arteries: Vasoconstriction occurs except at the arteries to the skeletal muscle and coronary arteries, as they are dilated.
4. GI tract/Intestines/secretions: These are all decreased.
5. Postganglionic neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine is released here.
6. Pupil: Dilation occurs.
7. Respiratory passages, lower: Bronchodilation occurs.
8. Urinary bladder: Relaxation occurs.
9. Urinary sphincter: Contraction occurs.]]> 2020-09-22 16:44:53 UTC https://padlet.com/fatinjabr/dm3hwvetgp7t8snb/wish/769035798