After the trial, Jem and Atticus discuss whether or not a man should be executed , Atticus tells Jem that a jury would always take a white man's word for a black's which also reflects on the theme of inequality where a black man is definitely not equal to a white man.

Scout reflects on his father's suggestion and tries to use it in her real life, especially on Boo Radley and Tom Robinson.

Furthermore, Atticus still defended Tom Robinson in court even though he knew about the entire town's disapproval, again showing his courage.

In addition, this courage is also shown when Aunt Alexandra gets news of the death of Tom Robinson. Even though she felt sad and was shocked, she had the courage to fight against all the hate of the town. This courage also influenced scout who recalled "If aunty could be a lady at a time like this, so could I."

Mrs. Dubose appears antagonistic at first. She is known as the meanest old woman who ever lived. One time, she attacks Atticus's moral character, enraging Jem. As a result, Jem destroys the flowers in her garden.

Atticus punishes Jem by forcing Jem to read to Mrs. Dubose every Saturday. In those moments, Jem sees Mrs. Dubose in her moments of weakness and vulnerability as she struggles with her illness.

After she dies, Jem learns from Atticus that she was combating her morphine addiction, and was able to die sober, in a clear-state of mind, able to be at peace with herself. She succeeded despite the pain and didn't give in to the easy option, demonstrating her courage, no matter how impossible the odds are.

Jem learns from this experience that true courage is persevering despite hardships.

The contrast in the reaction between Jem and Scout to the filling up of the tree hole shows that Jem is getting older and more mature. That's because meanwhile Scout didn't find it sad or anything, but was only worried about no more gifts, Jem was deeply affected and cried. That should Jem lose his innocence and understand the unfairness and cruelty some individuals experience (unable to communicate with the outside world even if they wanted to). It also demonstrated Jem's ability to sympathize with others which was a growth lesson Atticus taught them, now he was able to feel the disconnections and sadness Boo might feel stuck inside the house, instead of just treating him as a monster, therefore it reflects Jem's growth and maturity.

In later chapters, Jem shows growth and increased maturity, as Atticus explains Ms. Dubose's courage to him, allowing him to understand that humans are a lot more complicated than they appear, and sometimes real strength and power come from the inside. For example, how courage could be fighting the impossible and enduring difficult challenges or always holding and standing your ground.

Boo Radley demonstrates the theme of courage at the end of To Kill a Mockingbird when he risked his own safety to save the lives of the children. Although he does not speak a single word throughout the novel, it is clear that it took him a lot of courage and self-persuasion to finally leave his house. He did something he had been avoiding for the past twenty-five years because he knew it was a life-or-death situation for Jem and Scout, and he felt the urge to do the right thing. He embodies the theme of courage in the face of adversity because he chose to challenge himself when it was not his responsibility and when it would make him directly responsible for Bob Ewell’s death.

One example of coming of age between chapters 1-7 is the children's encounter with the knot-hole in front of the Radley's house and Jem's reaction after discovering that the hole is cemented. While playing around in the neighborhood, Jem and Scout's attention was captured by two little white soap figurines that resembled themselves. Their little hole later then yielded more gifts, a whole package of chewing gum, a spelling bee model, and a broken pocket watch. During the scene where the kids are writing a letter to the sender of these gifts, Jem starts with the phrase "Okay. Dear mister…", suggesting that he knows that the individual is a male, indicating that he knows the one providing gifts for them is Boo Radley (68). At the end of chapter 7, the kids discovered that Nathan Radley was blocking the hole with cement. Jem felt a sense of sorrow after realizing that their only connection with Boo was cut off, but the interesting point comes when Scout says that he could not hear him cry, "he had been crying; […] but I thought it odd that I had not heard him (70)." This unique detail tells the reader that Jem is growing up little by little, and this sign shows that he is slowly becoming an adult by hiding the fact that he is in tears.

*the pages are different due to a different copy of the book*

In Chapter 30, Tom Robinson's name is mentioned by Sheriff Heck Tate to convince Atticus that Bob Ewell deserved to die, as he was one of the main reasons that Tom Robinson was falsely accused as a rapist and is the reason why Tom Robinson was sent to jail and died.