BTEC Bonding by Chemistry SDC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding Information Resource for Bonding en-us 2018-10-31 11:14:52 UTC 2023-05-19 12:56:34 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Planets.png Learning Objectives ChemistrySDC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298905159 Bonding
• Understand ionic bonding:
o strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
o effects ionic radius and ionic charge have on the strength of ionic bonding
o formation of ions in terms of electron loss or gain
o electronic configuration diagrams of cations and anions.

• Understand covalent bonding:
o strong electrostatic attraction between two nuclei and the shared pair(s) of electrons
between them
o dot and cross diagrams to show electrons in simple covalent molecules, including
those with multiple bonds and dative covalent (coordinate) bonds
o the relationship between bond lengths and bond strengths in covalent bonds
o tetrahedral basis of organic chemistry.

• Understand metallic bonding:
o de-localised electrons
o positive metal ions
o regular layer structure.

• Understand the following intermolecular forces:
o van der Waals
o dipole-dipole
o hydrogen bonding.


]]> 2018-10-31 11:18:17 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298905159 Tasks: ChemistrySDC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298906245 Add information to the 4 sections corresponding to the the learning objectives. All must be completed. ]]> 2018-10-31 11:22:59 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298906245 what atoms https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298911589 a metal and a non metal]]> 2018-10-31 11:40:17 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298911589 https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298911688 2018-10-31 11:40:32 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298911688 Metallic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that rises from the electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons (in the form of an electron cloud of delocalized electrons) and positively charged metal ions. https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298911968 2018-10-31 11:41:22 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298911968 between 2 non metal atoms https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298911978 2018-10-31 11:41:24 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298911978 https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912047 2018-10-31 11:41:36 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912047 https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912190 only metallic atoms]]> 2018-10-31 11:41:57 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912190 an example would be a chloride ion, the atom chlorine gains an electron to become the ion chloride https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912284 2018-10-31 11:42:15 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912284 https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912302 2018-10-31 11:42:18 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912302 Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion. https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912305 2018-10-31 11:42:18 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912305 forces between two molecules https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912442 2018-10-31 11:42:47 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912442 https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912461 covalent compounds have no free electrons and no ions so they don't conduct electricity.
 ]]> 2018-10-31 11:42:52 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912461 https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912701 Intermolecular attractions are attractions between one molecule and a neighbouring molecule. The forces of attraction which hold an individual molecule together (for example, the covalent bonds) are known as intramolecular attractions.]]> 2018-10-31 11:43:38 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912701 https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912802 force of attraction

]]> 2018-10-31 11:43:58 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912802 the non metals share electrons to complete a full outer shell https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912838 2018-10-31 11:44:05 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298912838 BETWEEN 2 NON-METALLIC ATOMS https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298913342 2018-10-31 11:45:31 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298913342 For example, the covalent bond, involving sharing electron pairs between atoms, is much stronger than the forces present between neighbouring molecules. https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298913661 2018-10-31 11:46:47 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298913661 it shares the electrons. https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298913742 2018-10-31 11:47:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298913742 H2O https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298914043 2018-10-31 11:48:07 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298914043 When metals react with non-metals, electrons are transferred from the metal atoms to the non-metal atoms, forming ions. The resulting compound is called an ionic compound. https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298914358 2018-10-31 11:49:18 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298914358 https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298914797 In each of these reactions, the metal atoms give electrons to the non-metal atoms. The metal atoms become positive ions and the non-metal atoms become negative ions.

There is a strong electrostatic force of attraction between these oppositely charged ions, called an ionic bond.

]]> 2018-10-31 11:50:52 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298914797 https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298914812 electrons are transferred from one atom to another to form charged atoms, which are called ions]]> 2018-10-31 11:50:56 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298914812 https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298915127 positive ions are formed from atoms losing electrons and negative ions are formed by atoms gaining electrons. The reason why atoms become charged after adding or losing electrons is because they now have an imbalance in the number of protons and electrons. These two sub-atomic particles have a negative charge (electron) and a positive charge (proton), so when atoms have an equilibrium in the number of protons and electrons, there is no charge.]]> 2018-10-31 11:51:49 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298915127 sodium chloride https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298915904 a common example of an ionic bond that forms when chlorine and sodium transfer electrons leaving sodium with a positive charge and chlorine with a negative one]]> 2018-10-31 11:54:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298915904 https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298916081 the reason why atoms like to lose or gain electrons is because they all want a full outer shell, just like the noble gases. For the metals, they tend to lose electrons to gain a positive charge. It is easier to lose electrons when there are about less than 4 electrons in the outer shell since that would require less energy, compared to gaining electrons from another atom as that would take up a lot more energy.]]> 2018-10-31 11:54:38 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298916081 sodium chloride https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298916181 2018-10-31 11:54:56 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298916181 https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298916699 2018-10-31 11:56:34 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298916699 https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298916960 covalent bonding is also another way to try and gain a full outer shell. the electrons are shared, meaning that the atoms are connected to each other for this to happen. This type of bonding an happen between the same atoms or between different elements or compounds.]]> 2018-10-31 11:57:19 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298916960 https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298917088 All of these substances have very strong covalent bonds between the atoms, but much weaker forces holding the molecules together. When one of these substances melts or boils, it is these weak 'intermolecular forces' that break, not the strong covalent bonds.

Because the weak intermolecular forces break down easily these substances have low melting and boiling points. This means simple molecular substances are gases, liquids or solids with low melting points, and low boiling points.

]]> 2018-10-31 11:57:45 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298917088 Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298917565 Oxygen gains two electrons to have an octet. The ionic bond between ions results from the electrostatic attraction of opposite charges. The final formula of iron oxide is Fe2O3.]]> 2018-10-31 11:59:08 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298917565 Giant Covalent Structure https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298917676 these are large structures where the atoms are all linked to each other, and the way that they are connected is with strong covalent bonds. That, therefore, means that giant covalent structures are extremely hard and have high melting and boiling points.]]> 2018-10-31 11:59:29 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298917676 iron metal https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298917897 2018-10-31 12:00:13 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298917897 Giant covalent structure https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298918400 The reason why these structures have high melting and boiling points is due to the requirement of a high amount of energy to break these bonds. The stronger the structure, the higher the amount of energy is needed to change the state of an element or compound.]]> 2018-10-31 12:01:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298918400 https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298918636 2018-10-31 12:02:36 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298918636 https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298919316 2018-10-31 12:04:31 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298919316 Metals conduct electricity because the electrons are free to move and carry charge. https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298919520 2018-10-31 12:05:09 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298919520 https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298920607 2018-10-31 12:08:09 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298920607 Diamonds have large covalent structure https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298920612 2018-10-31 12:08:10 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298920612 quoted from wikipedia https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298921078 Intermolecular forces are the forces which mediate interaction between molecules, including forces of attraction or repulsion which act between molecules and other types of neighbouring particles, e.g., atoms or ions.]]> 2018-10-31 12:09:21 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/298921078 Polarity ChemistrySDC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/301426168 2018-11-07 11:44:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/301426168 Electronegativity ChemistrySDC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/301426503 2018-11-07 11:45:13 UTC https://padlet.com/ChemistrySDC/btecbonding/wish/301426503