Jacob Lefkovic

Brandon Sokolowski

AJ Henryk

Hardships/obstacle of Sophie Germain

Lack of support from her family, they didn’t want her to be educated because they believe it was unproven for a women of class to be educated

breast cancer (cause of death)

tried going to an engineering school in Paris but was denied for being a woman

Had to hind behind an alias when submitting work to the college in fear of “the ridicule of a female mathematician”

Sophie Germain's education

School- École Polytechnique

She tried going to a engineering school in Paris but she could not attend because she was a woman

She read a lot of books and studied a lot more over time and got really smart

She was educated at home and teacher herself

Her education was very disorganized and haphazard

Background information of Sophie Germain

Born: April 1, 1776, Rue Saint Denis, Paris, France

Died: June 27, 1831 (age 55 years), Paris, France

Parents: Marie-Madeleine Germain, Ambroise-Franҫois Germain

Germain never married

Legacy/ Achievements of Sophie Germain

Germain was the first mathematician to formulate a plan for providing one last theorem

Finest woman who managed to make great strides in mathematics

the discovery of Sophie Germain primes

The first known women to manage to make number theory

•  Caroline Herschel was born on March 16th, 1750 and died on January 9th 1848 

• was a German astronomer

•  She was born in Hanover, Germany, and was the eight child. 

• She was not very social when she was young, she only made a few friends

• Her father tried getting her into home education, but was not successful

Education : Caroline Herschel did not attend school but her father would sometimes tutor her and also let her join on the lessons her brothers were getting taught. 

• In 1772 she moved to England with her brother where he became a music teacher and taught her how to sing.

• When Caroline was 22 she moved to Bath, England with her older brother

• William (Caroline’s older brother) also tutored her in mathematics in England 

• Caroline’s mother opposed her education

  
  

  
  

Achievements : Caroline Herschel was the first woman to discover a comet & known For discovering the planet Uranus. She also performed the calculations required to convert numbers into a dial to locations on a map.

• First woman to discover a comet

• Discovered the planet uranus

• Performed calculations to convert number into a dial into locations on a map

Hardships :  

- Caroline Hershel had smallpox as a kid, and also ended up getting typhus, being scarred from both.  

- She never had her family support her and her father was against her getting education.  

- She also lacked most resources that others had in the field, so she had it much more difficult than anyone else.

-  She was treated poorly by experts and the people surrounding her in work; nobody really respected her. 

- Caroline Hershel faced most hardships because of her gender, as women weren’t accepted in work as much as men.

https://womenineuropeanhistory.wordpress.com/2017/01/30/caroline-herschel/#:~:text=Caroline%20faced%20many%20obstacles%20throughout,%E2%80%9Cexperts%E2%80%9D%20in%20the%20field.

Legacy : Caroline Herschel was one of the earliest recorded female scholars of mathematics & astronomy because she excelled in math’s to do calculations needed to convert numbers on a dial into locations on a map & discovered the planet Uranus.

• Remembered as one of the earliest scholars of mathematics & astronomy 

• Remembered as the woman who discovered the planet Uranus

• Remembered as the women who did astronomical projects

• Struggled as a kid & struggled with her gender but still put in hard work to be a well known women in the Enlightment

Keshawn Ilyas,

Emiliano Lemus,

Natale pitti

Categories: 

Education- Natale

• she did not go to school 

• Her father was an artist who saw her talent.

Legacy- Natale

• She is famous for her expertise in entomology and the art and details of her scientific illustrations.

• She was one of the first people to depict the cycles of insects and there food plants as well

• She studied interactions between she of the basic ecology

Hardships/obstacles: Chris

• Maria abandoned her husband of 20 years, moved into a religious community.

•  She also practiced and studied Latin and entomology.

• She also set sail to South America in her 50s

• proserved crocodiles, iguanas, and snakes in brandy to sale to rich collecters.

• saved up money to achieve her dream trip across the Atlantic.

Acheivments-Keshawn

•  six plants, nine butterflies and two beetles are named after her.

•  one of the first people that closely observed and recorded the process of insect metamorphosis.

•  became one of the most well known and honored voices in the growing field of entomology, study of insects.

Background/biography:-Emiliano

•  Was a naturalist and scientist illustrator who carved out South American field studies in her 50’s.

• born on April 2nd 1647 and died on January 13 1717

• As a kid in Germany, Maria was apprenticed to her own Father, an artist who taught her all the skills she needed to make full-colour engravings

-Anne Conway was born on December 14th 1631 and died on February 23 1679. 

-Anne Conway was the daughter of sir Heneage Finch and Elizabeth Cradock in London in a house called Kensington Palace. 

-As a young girl she was tutored but when she got older she wasn’t allowed to get education. 

-Anne Conway was a philosopher and theology. She is known for various principles. 

Achievements (Anthony) 

-One of her achievements was Conway converted her remote country mansion into a powerhouse that attracted some of Britain’s most brilliant thinkers.

-Anne Conway studied principles of the most ancient and modern Philosophy 

-successful student of philosophy, even in time with major setbacks regarding education and status.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/anne-conway-the-principles-of-the-most-ancient-and-modern-philosophy/introduction/2B54419306AB329924CA4C9DC58A1F52#:~:text=Anne%20Conway's%20accomplishments%20as%20a,fraction%20of%20her%20female%20contemporaries.

Hardships/obstacles; (Rahee Trivedi)

-As a woman, Anne Conway was restricted from attending university. While this was a major setback, it was expected. Conway would still become a widely successful philosopher. Using her own mansion as a starting point, she built her way up to success by spreading ideas and encouraging philosophers to gather and discuss.

-Another, more physical obstacle was Conway’s health. She suffered from headaches, and chronically poor health. However, she found a way to revolve her research and ideas around her illness. She questioned the correspondence between her mental, and physical health.

 Legacy (Jairo)

-Anne Conway was an English philosopher of the Enlightenment whose work was in the tradition of the Cambridge platonists.

-Published work/ literature that is referenced by scholars in modern day

https://www.newscientist.com/people/anne-conway/

Achievements- Zaya

• Translation and commentary on Isaac Newtons, “Principia Mathematica”

• Championed Isaac Newton's physics 

• Talented mathematician, physicist, and author

• https://scientificwomen.net/women/du_chatelet-emilie-25#:~:text=Gabrielle%20Émilie%20Le%20Tonnelier%20de,Isaac%20Newton's%20work%20Principia%20Mathematica.

Alicia 

background, biography,and education 

• Pregnant in the spring of 1749

• Had two children before falling pregnant again 

• one of her three children died 

• from France, paris

• born December 17th 1706

• She died days after giving birth and her baby girl soon followed 

• died on sep 10th 1749

• Was a natural philosopher and mathematician 

Hardships/obstacles -Ivanna 

• Societal restriction placed on women in her time,preventing her from accessing formal education and being taken seriously in the intellectual world.

• She was a red from intellectual gatherings and faced doubts about her abilities .

• She became pregnant at age 41 or 42 , which she knew was likely to be fatal.

Legacy-ryan 324

• She helped newton discover gravity

• Her discoveries were used in the great encyclopedia of the french.

• Collaborator and  Romantic partner to voltaire

• She died after after he pregnancy at the age of 42

Elijah Bridgers

Matteo Intravaia

Guillermo Perez Garcia 

Margaret cavendish

Background / biography: Margaret Cavendish was born in 1623, and died on the 15th of December 1673. Margaret Cavendish was a philosopher, poet, fiction writer, scientist, and playwright.  

• Margaret's father was Sir Thomas Lucas and Elizabeth Leighton, she was the youngest out of her 4 sisters and 3 brothers

• She became an attendant on queen Henrietta Maria and traveled with her on here exile to France. 

• She became the second wife of  William Cavendish, 1st Duke of newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1645. 

• Margaret accompanied her husband on his self imposed exile to France until the Stuart restoration in 1660.

Education: Margaret Cavendish had a basic education as a child, like many women of her time.

• Informally educated  by her widowed mother, and older siblings.

• Had access to scholarly libraries, and was an avid reader.

• She was taught to read and write, and studied needle work, music, and dancing.

Achievements:Her most notable achievements were definitely literary; she was an author publishing poems, plays literary critiques, and she even works on natural philosophy.

• She helped with the scientific revolution by popularizing important parts of it. 

• Proposes that matter is infinite in extension and further divisible also discovering atomism. 

• Did all of this in one of the most immense political upheaval even accused of taking her husbands work.and even accused of being a traitor.

Hardships:

-she did not believe that anyone was right and she was the only one right

-some people didn’t believe that she didn’t us real thing in here experiments 

legacy: Margaret Cavendish left behind a meaningful legacy of different things like science, poems, playwrights, and more.

-Margaret Cavendish was known for her poetry, essays, plays, and science fiction.

-she was one of the most popular female authors and philosophers of the 17th century

-Margaret was also known for striving to become famous and was big into fashion.

-some things that she wrote were “The Blazing World” , “The Description of a New World” , and “The Convent of Pleasure”.

Sources:https://iep.utm.edu/margaret-cavendish/#:~:text=Instead%20of%20atomism%2C%20Cavendish%20proposes,provide%20them%20with%20their%20unity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Cavendish,_Duchess_of_Newcastle-upon-Tyne

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/margaret-cavendish/https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/family/newcastle/biographies/biographyofmargaretcavendish,duchessofnewcastleupontyne(c1623-1673).aspx

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/margaret-cavendish/https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/histories/women-in-history/margaret-cavendish/#:~:text=Civil%20war,studied%20music%2C%20needlework%20and%20dancing.

Categories 

Background 

-daughter of vice admiral William George Fairfax

-raised in Burntisland, Fife

-the 2nd of 4 surviving children (4/7 children survived)

-lived in genteel poverty as her fathers pay was meager

-mother supplemented household income with an orchard, some cattle and by growing vegetables 

Education

-father thought this was not enough, he thought she should learn to write and keep accounts

-sent to a boarding school in Musselburgh

-learned how to write in French and English 

-occupied herself by reading the books in her fathers library 

-the remarks of her aunt got her sent to a village school to learn sewing

-she believed it wrong that women are discouraged from learning 

-she got sent to writing school at 13, where she also studied math

-afterward, she taught herself Latin 

-when she got sent to live with her aunt, she started learning advanced math

Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Somerville

Achievements / Biography:  -She was chosen in the Royal Astronomical Society in 1835. 

 -Also in 1870 she was given the Victoria Gold Medal of the Royal Geographical. 

- Her significant contributions were doubly significant, not only was she a woman but she was the only women working within a predominantly male domain

-Mary was not a proficient reader until she was in her early teens

-She did have her own efforts and determination, she did become an internationally renowned on emerging sciences including physics and geography

Hardships / Obstacles:

• Over Mary Somerville's lifetime, agitation had grown for women's access to better, advanced, and higher levels of education.

•  But as a young girl, Mary faced trouble in obtaining an education. Because of this, this gave woman a standing belief that they were not smart and intelligent enough to accomplish much. 

• This gave Mary a struggle of getting acceptance for her hard work that she accomplished in the early years of her career.

Legacy: 

• Inspired non-scientists with her writing in science.

• Schools, boats, and Somerville Island are named after her.

• Inspired scientists with her research.

• Left an impact on many scientific disciplines.

• She died from a health concern of suffering from headaches, and poor health.

• Anne Conway’s dad was sir Heneage Finch and her mother was Elizabeth Cradock. They Lived in a house in London called Kensington palace.

• She was a philosopher and a theologist, and is known for her various principles in theology and philosophy.

Education:

• When she was a kid she was tutored as her form of education, but when she got older she was prohibited to get education.

Hardships and Obstacles Faced

• Arguably the biggest obstacle is that she was a woman trying to attend university in a male dominated university, as expected she got denied from attending the university.

• Regardless she still pursued trying to be a philosopher, and turns out she was a successful philosopher.

• Regardless of being a successful philosopher, she still built her way up to being even more successful by spreading ideas and encouraging philosophers to gather and discuss their ideas.

Achievements:

• The Biggest achievement was converting a regular remote mansion into a powerhouse that brought together Britain’s best thinkers.

• She studied ancient and modern philosophy.

• She was a successful student of philosophy regardless of the setbacks, and lack of education.

• https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/anne-conway-the-principles-of-the-most-ancient-and-modern-philosophy/introduction/2B54419306AB329924CA4C9DC58A1F52

• Other source used: https://www.newscientist.com/article/2090136-the-lost-women-of-enlightenment-science/

  Legacy: Anne Conway made a difference in the Enlightenment, being in the tradition of the Cambridge platonists. Published work and literature that scholars use on a day to day basis.